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<mods:title id="14D2103DBCB842B26AB2E6D513E06422">The external larval morphology of aquatic and terrestrial Luciolinae fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="F931254E0B67C035FF3FF91383D4F8E9" blockId="10.[151,492,1783,1842]" box="[151,492,1783,1809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="A27992220B67C035FF3FF91383D4F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,492,1783,1809]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B67C035FF3FF91383D4F8E9" ID-CoL="FZKN" authority="Motsch." authorityName="Motsch." box="[151,492,1783,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Aquatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FF3FF91383D4F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,492,1783,1809]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FF3FF9138355F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,365,1783,1809]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aquatica lateralis</emphasis>
(Motsch.)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F931254E0B67C035FF3FF8FE83AAF8CA" blockId="10.[151,492,1783,1842]" box="[151,402,1818,1842]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1318, 68, 75, 76</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B67C035FF3FF8868073F880" ID-CoL="3WCSY" authority="Motschulsky, 1860:144" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityPageNumber="144" authorityYear="1860" box="[151,587,1890,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FF3FF886837EF880" box="[151,326,1890,1912]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Luciola lateralis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FEFCF8868073F880" author="Motschulsky" box="[340,587,1890,1912]" page="144" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1860">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FEFCF8868027F880" author="Motschulsky" box="[340,543,1890,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Motschulsky, V. de (1860) Coleopteres de la Siberie orientale et en particular des rives de l'Amour (rapports par Schrenck, Maak, Ditmar, Voznessenski). In: Schrenck, L. von (Ed.) Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande, 2, 79 - 257." type="journal article" year="1860">Motschulsky, 1860</bibRefCitation>
:144
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</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FDF4F886812AF880" author="Olivier" box="[604,786,1890,1912]" page="82" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FDF4F88680CCF880" author="Olivier" box="[604,756,1890,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Olivier, E. (1902 a) Catalogue des especes de ' Luciola'et genres voisins decrits jusqu'ace jour. Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, 15, 69 - 88." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="a">Olivier 1902a</bibRefCitation>
:82
</treatmentCitation>
; 1907:53.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FC23F886867BF880" author="Okada" box="[907,1091,1890,1912]" page="101" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FC23F8868621F880" author="Okada" box="[907,1049,1890,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1928) Two Japanese aquatic glowworms. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 101 - 107." type="journal article" year="1928">Okada, 1928</bibRefCitation>
:101
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FBFCF8868736F880" author="Minami" box="[1108,1294,1890,1912]" page="73" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FBFCF88686D7F880" author="Minami" box="[1108,1263,1890,1912]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Minami, K. (1966) Hotaru no Kenkyu (A study of fireflies) (in Japanese). Ohta Shoten, Hikone." type="book" year="1966">Minami, 1966</bibRefCitation>
:73
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;
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FAB7F8878312F86E" author="McDermott" page="108" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FAB7F88782C7F86E" author="McDermott" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="McDermott, F. A. (1966) Lampyridae Pars. 9. Coleopterorum Catalogus (Junk-Schenkling) (Ed. Sec), 1 - 149 (Luciolini, 98 - 118)." type="journal article" year="1966">McDermott, 1966</bibRefCitation>
:108
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FE9CF86483C4F86E" author="Bertrand" box="[308,508,1920,1942]" page="601" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1972">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FE9CF86483E9F86E" author="Bertrand" box="[308,465,1920,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Bertrand, H. P. 1. (1972) Larves et Nymphes des Coleopteres Aquatiques du Globe. Paris, 804 pp. (Lampyridae, 598 - 603)." type="book chapter" year="1972">Bertrand, 1972</bibRefCitation>
:601
</treatmentCitation>
; 1973:107.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FDDCF8648123F86E" author="Ohba" box="[628,795,1920,1942]" page="156" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FDDCF86480C8F86E" author="Ohba" box="[628,752,1920,1942]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Ohba, N. (1986) Life of a firefly, Luciola lateralis. Insectarium, 23, 156 - 162. (in Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1986">Ohba, 1986</bibRefCitation>
:156
</treatmentCitation>
; 1988:12. Ohba
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FC6CF86681CAF86E" box="[964,1010,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 2001:91.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FBF7F865870AF86E" author="Jeng" box="[1119,1330,1920,1943]" page="546" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2003">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FBF7F865873DF86E" author="Jeng" box="[1119,1285,1920,1943]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Jeng, M. L., Lai, J. &amp; Yang, P. S. (2003) Lampyridae: A synopsis of aquatic fireflies with description of a new species. In: Jach, M. A. &amp; Ji, L. (eds), Water Beetles of China Vol. III, Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Osterreich, Wiener Coleopterologenverein pp. 539 - 562." type="book chapter" year="2003">
Jeng
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FB3DF86686FAF86E" box="[1173,1218,1920,1943]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
:546
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FA94F8648368F84D" author="Suzuki" page="287" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2004">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FA94F864831CF84D" author="Suzuki" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Suzuki, H., Sato, Y., Ohba, N., Bae, J. S., Jin, B. R., Sohn, H. D., &amp; Kim S. E. (2004) Phylogeographic analysis of the firefly, Luciola lateralis, in Japan and Korea based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase II gene sequences (Coleoptera: Lampyridae). Biochemical genetics, 42 (9 - 10), 287 - 300." type="journal article" year="2004">
Suzuki
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FA22F86682D9F84D" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004
</bibRefCitation>
:287
</treatmentCitation>
. Fu
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FED3F844839FF84D" box="[379,423,1951,1973]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
. 2009:155.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F931254E0B67C035FF3FF85A8052F80A" blockId="10.[151,1436,1890,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D99E02600B67C035FF3FF85A8052F80A" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B67C035FF3FF85A8020F82C" authority="Kiesenwetter 1874:261" authorityName="Kiesenwetter" authorityPageNumber="261" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,536,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viticollis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FF3FF85A830CF82C" box="[151,308,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Luciola viticollis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FE92F85A8020F82C" author="Kiesenwetter" box="[314,536,1982,2004]" page="261" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1874">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FE92F85A83D7F82C" author="Kiesenwetter" box="[314,495,1982,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Kiesenwetter, H. (1874) Die Malacodermen Japans nach den Ergebnissen der Sammlungen des Herrn L. Lewis wahrend der jahre 1869 - 1871. Deutsch Entomologische Zeitschrift, 18, 241 - 248." type="journal article" year="1874">Kiesenwetter 1874</bibRefCitation>
:261
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FD88F85A80EEF82B" author="Gorham" box="[544,726,1982,2004]" page="409" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1883">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FD88F85A8094F82B" author="Gorham" box="[544,684,1982,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Gorham, H. S. (1883) Revision of the genera and species of Malacoderm Coleoptera of the Japanese fauna. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1883, 393 - 411." type="journal article" year="1883">Gorham, 1883</bibRefCitation>
:409
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FD76F85A81BDF82B" author="Olivier" box="[734,901,1982,2004]" page="77" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FD76F85A8151F82B" author="Olivier" box="[734,873,1982,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Olivier, E. (1902 a) Catalogue des especes de ' Luciola'et genres voisins decrits jusqu'ace jour. Revue Scientifique du Bourbonnais, 15, 69 - 88." type="journal article" year="1902" yearSuffix="a">Olivier, 1902a</bibRefCitation>
:77
</treatmentCitation>
; 1902b:189.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FC57F85A869CF82C" author="Okada" box="[1023,1188,1982,2004]" page="146" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1931">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FC57F85A8643F82C" author="Okada" box="[1023,1147,1982,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Okada, Y. (1931) On the scientific names of fireflies of Japan. Zoological Magazine, 43, 130 - 149. (In Japanese)." type="journal article" year="1931">Okada, 1931</bibRefCitation>
:146
</treatmentCitation>
.
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FB05F85B87BCF82C" author="McDermott" box="[1197,1412,1982,2004]" page="102" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FB05F85B8763F82C" author="McDermott" box="[1197,1371,1982,2004]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="McDermott, F. A. (1966) Lampyridae Pars. 9. Coleopterorum Catalogus (Junk-Schenkling) (Ed. Sec), 1 - 149 (Luciolini, 98 - 118)." type="journal article" year="1966">McDermott, 1966</bibRefCitation>
:102
</treatmentCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B67C035FF3FF839805EF80A" ID-CoL="FZKN" authority="(Motsch.) Fu et al., 2010:1" authorityName="(Motsch.) Fu et al." authorityPageNumber="1" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,614,2012,2035]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Aquatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FF3FF8398375F80B" box="[151,333,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Aquatica lateralis</emphasis>
(Motsch.)
<treatmentCitation id="782F035F0B67C035FE14F839805EF80A" author="Fu" box="[444,614,2013,2035]" page="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" year="2010">
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B67C035FE14F8398062F80A" author="Fu" box="[444,602,2013,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" refString="Fu, X. H., Ballantyne, L. A. &amp; Lambkin, C. (2010) Aquatica gen. nov. from mainland China with a description of Aquatica wuhana sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae). Zootaxa, 2530, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2010">
Fu
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B67C035FE76F83A8031F80B" box="[478,521,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
., 2010
</bibRefCitation>
:1
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F931254E0B66C034FF3FF9568610F91F" blockId="11.[151,1436,1712,1767]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B66C034FF3FF956836CF930" bold="true" box="[151,340,1714,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURES 1318.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B66C034FEF2F95783E0F931" ID-CoL="FZKN" box="[346,472,1715,1737]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Aquatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B66C034FEF2F95783E0F931" box="[346,472,1715,1737]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Aq. lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larval head, 5th instar, SEM. 13 anterior, dorsal surface uppermost; 14 apex of galea; 15 dorsal; 16 ventral; 17 right maxillary palpus and antenna; 18 tip of sensory area maxillary palpus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B66C034FF3FF8F781DFF8A8" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B66C034FF3FF8F781DFF8A8" blockId="11.[151,1436,1811,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B66C034FF3FF8F78347F8D4" bold="true" box="[151,383,1811,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Material examined</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B66C034FE3CF8F783CFF8D4" bold="true" box="[404,503,1811,1836]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<collectingCountry id="819965DE0B66C034FE3CF8F783CAF8D4" box="[404,498,1811,1836]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">JAPAN</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Five fifth instars, bred in lab, population collected from Tokyo Metropolitan University, MinamiOhsawa, Hachioji, Tokyo,
<date id="8D30038E0B66C034FD03F8DD8170F8A8" box="[683,840,1848,1873]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2008-05-28">May 28, 2008</date>
(NHMHAU).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B66C033FF61F8BF8067FF2C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B66C033FF61F8BF8067FF2C" blockId="11.[151,1436,1811,2017]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B66C034FF61F8BF837BF88C" bold="true" box="[201,323,1883,1908]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Protergum with parallel sides; four pale areas, two at anterolateral corners, and two along lateral margin just anterior to the posterolateral corners; median line wide, reaching maximum width at anterior margin of thoracic tergum 3; thoracic terga 2, 3 with midlateral paler markings Figs 75, 76); abdominal glands with 47 spines including a median spine (Fu
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B66C034FDEBF82D8046F818" box="[579,638,1992,2016]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
2009; Fig. 3); antennal segment 3 with closely adpressed finger like projections subequal in length to adjacent sense cone (Figs 1317); mandibles lacking retinaculum (
<figureCitation id="61B539CB0B61C033FB53FF738777FF57" box="[1275,1359,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURES 67 72" captionStartId="24.[151,264,1946,1969]" captionTargetBox="[419,1150,265,1918]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[419,1151,265,1928]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURES 67 72. Left mandibles, dorsal. 67 Aq. ficta; 68 Aq. lateralis; 69 L. cruciata; 70 L. substriata; 71 P. q i n g y u; 72 A. circumdata." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/211306/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
); palpi with terminal sense organs (Figs 13, 18).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B19476C50B61C033FF6FFF048038F840" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F931254E0B61C033FF6FFF048672FE7F" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B61C033FF6FFF048303FF00" bold="true" box="[199,315,224,248]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="9D1F58BF0B61C033FEEAFF3B83E5FF0F" author="Okada" box="[322,477,223,247]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refString="Okada, Y. K. (1928) Two Japanese aquatic glowworms. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 76, 101 - 107." type="journal article" year="1928">Okada (1928)</bibRefCitation>
first reported 10 pairs of bifid defensive organs along the sides of the body, and indicated an odour of resin and peppermint in both this species and
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B61C033FCC8FEE08622FEE4" box="[864,1050,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruciata">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B61C033FCC8FEE08622FEE4" box="[864,1050,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Luciola cruciata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. His figure 1b (page 102) of
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B61C033FAC9FEE18327FEB8" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Luciola" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lateralis">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B61C033FAC9FEE18327FEB8" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Luciola lateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shows gills protruding from the sides with defensive organs on the right side of thoracic segment 3 and on either side of abdominal segment 3. Figure 75 herein indicates only the dorsal branch of the gills, while Fig. 76 shows both the dorsal branch and a short ventral branch on abdominal segments 3-5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F931254E0B61C033FF3FF8678038F840" blockId="12.[151,1436,1921,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B61C033FF3FF867836BF861" bold="true" box="[151,339,1923,1946]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">FIGURES 1924.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="3E8E5ECD0B61C033FEF2F861839AF862" box="[346,418,1924,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Lampyridae" genus="Aquatica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leii">
<emphasis id="CBFAF95C0B61C033FEF2F861839AF862" box="[346,418,1924,1946]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Aq. leii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larval head, 5th instar, SEM. 1920 anterior dorsal surface uppermost; 21 dorsal; 22 ventral; 23 right antenna; 24 tip of maxillary palpus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>