1009 lines
66 KiB
XML
1009 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828" ID-PMC="PMC6023953" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-100-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" ID-PubMed="29962890" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300060" ModsDocID="1314-2003-100-9" checkinTime="1529641997768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ortiz, Rosa del C." docDate="2018" docId="AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 100: 9-89" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 100" docPubDate="2018-06-21" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828" docTitle="Curarea tecunarum Barneby & Krukoff 1971" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="89" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1668138919646" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Curarea Barneby & Krukoff (Menispermaceae)</mods:title>
|
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
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<mods:name type="personal">
|
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<mods:role>
|
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Ortiz, Rosa del C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-4347</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA</mods:affiliation>
|
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">rosa.ortiz-gentry@mobot.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2018-06-21</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>100</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>9</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>89</mods:end>
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||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
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</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-100-9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF85B4031C7BFFDBFFFC3642FFC5FFA4</mods:identifier>
|
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1300060</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="146016910" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5" lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="43" start="start">7</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="AFA6AE28-840D-08BA-9113-E62F34043FA5" authority="Barneby & Krukoff" authorityName="Barneby & Krukoff" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="34" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecunarum">Curarea tecunarum Barneby & Krukoff</taxonomicName>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Curarea tecunarum staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, latero-abaxial and lateral surfaces (A-B based on Krukoff 8713 C-H based on Pipoly et al. 12846)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211319" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Figs 22</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Curarea tecunarum pistillate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D innermost sepal, adaxial surface E petal, abaxial surface F carpels G infructescence (A-F based on Froes 21446 G based on van der Werff & Vasquez 13909)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211320" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">, 23</figureCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barneby & Krukoff" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="34" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecunarum">Curarea tecunarum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Barneby & Krukoff, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22(2): 12. 1971. Type: Brazil. Amazonas: Basin of Rio
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solimões">Solimoes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, Municipality
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olivença">Olivenca</normalizedToken>
|
||
, basin of creek Belem, 26 Oct-11 Dec 1936, (♂ fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Krukoff 8713</emphasis>
|
||
(holotype: NY!; isotypes: BM!, BR!, F!, MO!, U!, US!).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="43" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
Large canopy
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">lianas</emphasis>
|
||
about 20-30 m tall; older stems, 5-15 cm wide, strongly flattened; bark dark brown, with shallow lengthwise fissures; branchlets brown to creamy villous.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
: blades 9-30
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
7-20 cm, ovate to broadly ovate; chartaceous to subcoriaceous when mature or when directly exposed to sunlight, base truncate, obtuse or shallowly cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate to retuse (cleft in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Krukoff 8713</emphasis>
|
||
), cuspidate when juvenile; surfaces conspicuously discolorous, lustrous and glabrous adaxially, coarsely cream to silvery tomentulose abaxially, matted when older, indumentum concealing the abaxial surface at all stages, (5-)7-9 palmati- or plinerved, innermost pair of main veins acrodromous perfect on mature leaves, acrodromous imperfect on juvenile ones, midrib and lateral nerves slightly impressed adaxially, conspicuously raised abaxially, secondary veins 1-2 pairs, arising above the middle of the blade, sometimes absent, veinlets immersed adaxially, raised abaxially; petioles 4.7-21 cm long, smooth, densely creamy or brownish villous to glabrate, apical pulvinus more conspicuous, rugose, weakly flattened adaxially.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Staminate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
solitary or fasciculate, axillary or slightly supra-axillary, thyrsi (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Curarea tecunarum staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, latero-abaxial and lateral surfaces (A-B based on Krukoff 8713 C-H based on Pipoly et al. 12846)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211319" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">22A-B</figureCitation>
|
||
), densely brownish or greyish tomentellous; axes 5.7-19 cm long; primary branches 1.1-3.5 cm long, lax, with several (3-6) cymose orders of branching, higher order branching frequently reduced; flowers frequently sessile at the centre of the irregularly further dichotomous branchings; bracts 0.7-1.1 mm long, narrowly ovate, concave, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, brown tomentellous abaxially.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Pistillate inflorescences</emphasis>
|
||
solitary or fascicled, axillary stout thyrsi (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Curarea tecunarum pistillate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D innermost sepal, adaxial surface E petal, abaxial surface F carpels G infructescence (A-F based on Froes 21446 G based on van der Werff & Vasquez 13909)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211320" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">23B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with dichasial primary branches or these less frequently reduced to single flowers and hence appearing racemiform, densely light brown or greyish tomentellous; axes ca. 5 cm long; bracts ca. 2 mm long, ovate, concave, fleshy, indumentum as on inflorescence.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
, 1.2-1.7 mm long, green; pedicels (0-)0.3-3.3 mm long, thick, terete, indumentum as on staminate inflorescence; bracteoles 1-2, 0.2-0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1-0.3 mm, narrowly ovate, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, light brown or creamy tomentellous abaxially; sepals 6; outer sepals 0.4-0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.7 mm, ovate or oblong, indumentum as on bracteoles, base truncate, apex acute; inner sepals 1.1-1.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1-1.7 mm, obovate or ovate-rhombic, mostly light brown or greyish tomentellous abaxially, obtuse at base, apex obtuse or rounded, tip of inner sepals erect or spreading, less frequently reflexed past anthesis; petals 6, 0.4-0.8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2-0.6 mm, inner ones slightly shorter and narrower, obovate-trilobed or rhombic, weakly concave, membranous, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, base cuneate-truncate, lateral margins inflexed, partially clasping the filaments, apex obtuse, truncate or retuse; stamens 6; filaments 0.2-0.5 mm long, clavate, thick, free or shortly connate at base, glabrous; anthers 0.2-0.3 mm long, erect, connective thicker adaxially forming a keel (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="F22" captionText="Figure 22. Curarea tecunarum staminate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D inner sepal, adaxial surface E-F outer and inner petals, adaxial surfaces G-H outer stamens, latero-abaxial and lateral surfaces (A-B based on Krukoff 8713 C-H based on Pipoly et al. 12846)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211319" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">22 G-H</figureCitation>
|
||
), not overgrowing thecae apically.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 1.6 mm long, brownish; pedicels ca. (0-)1.7 mm long; terete, indumentum as on pistillate inflorescence; bracteoles 3, ca. 0.4
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.2 mm, oblong or ovate, fleshy, glabrous adaxially, brownish tomentellous abaxially; sepals 6, weakly concave, fleshy, indumentum as on bracteoles; outer sepals ca. 0.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3 mm, ovate or oblong; inner sepals ca. 1.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.9 mm, obovate tips erect to reflexed past anthesis; petals 3(4), ca. 0.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.6 mm, opposed to and/or alternating with the carpels, spatulate, weakly concave, membranous, glabrous adaxially, glabrous to sparsely light brown tomentellous abaxially, clawed at base, apex acute to retuse; carpels 3(4), ca. 0.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.5 mm, brown tomentose; style ca. 0.4 mm long.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Infructescences</emphasis>
|
||
axes ca. 4 (-6)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3-0.4 cm, indumentum as on inflorescences; fruiting pedicels inconspicuous; carpophores ca. 2.7
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
4.3 mm, subglobose (seen in immature fruits only), brownish to creamy villose.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Drupelets</emphasis>
|
||
ca. 2.9
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2 cm, ellipsoid to oblongoid (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="F23" captionText="Figure 23. Curarea tecunarum pistillate plant: A flowering branch B detail of inflorescence C flower bud D innermost sepal, adaxial surface E petal, abaxial surface F carpels G infructescence (A-F based on Froes 21446 G based on van der Werff & Vasquez 13909)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211320" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">23G</figureCitation>
|
||
), conspicuously eccentrically attached, base obtuse, stylar scar not apparent; exocarp 1.8-1.9 mm thick, surface rugose, brownish villous, granular when dried; mesocarp thin and mucilaginous; endocarp 2-2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.1-1.5 cm, papyraceous, surface smooth.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Seeds</emphasis>
|
||
with embryo 4-6 cm long, cotyledons slightly unequal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300104" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure22" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211319" pageId="34" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 22" startId="F22">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barneby & Krukoff" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="34" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecunarum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Curarea tecunarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
staminate plant:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
flowering branch
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
flower bud
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
inner sepal, adaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">E-F</emphasis>
|
||
outer and inner petals, adaxial surfaces
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">G-H</emphasis>
|
||
outer stamens, latero-abaxial and lateral surfaces (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">A-B</emphasis>
|
||
based on
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Krukoff 8713</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">C-H</emphasis>
|
||
based on
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Pipoly et al. 12846</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1300106" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure23" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211320" pageId="34" pageNumber="43" start="Figure 23" startId="F23">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barneby & Krukoff" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="34" pageNumber="43" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecunarum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">Curarea tecunarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pistillate plant:
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">A</emphasis>
|
||
flowering branch
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">B</emphasis>
|
||
detail of inflorescence
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">C</emphasis>
|
||
flower bud
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">D</emphasis>
|
||
innermost sepal, adaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">E</emphasis>
|
||
petal, abaxial surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">F</emphasis>
|
||
carpels
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">G</emphasis>
|
||
infructescence (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">A-F</emphasis>
|
||
based on
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fróes">Froes</normalizedToken>
|
||
21446
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">G</emphasis>
|
||
based on
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="43">
|
||
van der Werff &
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
|
||
13909
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="44" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
and ecology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Lowland Amazonia in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="F21" captionText="Figure 21. Geographic distribution of Curarea iquitana and C. tecunarum, for the latter selected specimens only, because most of the specimens are sterile." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.100.21828.figure21" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211318" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">21</figureCitation>
|
||
-fertile and only a few sterile ones are mapped), at elevations of 120-300 m (550 m in Bagua, based on
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 19467
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, a sterile collection from Bagua, in Peru, here identified tentatively) in tropical wet forest. It is also expected in the eastern lowlands of Ecuador (see below). Staminate flowering specimens were collected in February, July and September-November; the only pistillate flowering specimen was collected in November and fruiting specimens were collected in February and March.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="common names and uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Common names and uses</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
(sterile specimens are indicated as st).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Brazil</emphasis>
|
||
: component of curare made by Tecuna Indians,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“atinupa”">"atinupa"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2481123" author="Krukoff, BA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="401 - 420" refId="B37" refString="Krukoff, BA, Smith, AC, 1937. Notes on the botanical components of curare. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 64 (6): 401 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2481123" title="Notes on the botanical components of curare." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2481123" volume="64" year="1937">Krukoff and Smith 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" author="Krukoff, BA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B35" refString="Krukoff, BA, Moldenke, HN, 1938. Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons. Brittonia 3 (1): 1 - 74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" title="Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" volume="3" year="1938">Krukoff and Moldenke 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Macbride, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="680 - 699" refId="B39" refString="Macbride, FJ, 1938. Flora of Peru. Botanical Series. Field Museum of Natural History 13 (2): 680 - 699" title="Flora of Peru. Botanical Series." volume="13" year="1938">Macbride 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Krukoff 7535</emphasis>
|
||
, st;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Krukoff 7578</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ fl buds); as ingredient of arrow and dart poison,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bicava”">"bicava"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Prance et al. 13931</emphasis>
|
||
, st); as ingredient of Jamamadi Indian arrow poison
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“bicafo”">"bicafo"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Campbell et al. P21256</emphasis>
|
||
, st); as a contraceptive by the Deni Indians,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“beku”">"beku"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Prance et al. 16453</emphasis>
|
||
, st).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Colombia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“taufe-lleida”">"taufe-lleida"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Huitoto) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz">Diaz</normalizedToken>
|
||
10
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, st); "arrow poison" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Naranjo & Wiederhold 16</emphasis>
|
||
, st); as curare (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Pinkley 392</emphasis>
|
||
, st); "awa puh", as ingredient of arrow poison (Bara maku), (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Silverwood-Cope 23</emphasis>
|
||
, st).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Ecuador</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“oonta”">"oonta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, to make dart poison (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Davis & Yost 943</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ontame”">"ontame"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, hunting, (Huaorani), (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Freire & Naranjo 685</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“oonta”">"oonta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, used to make blowgun dart poison, (Huaorani), (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">King et al. 972</emphasis>
|
||
, 977, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“palahuasca”">"palahuasca"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, as ingredient of curare (Quichua) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Lewis et al. 13848</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“largancho”">"largancho"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Moya & Reyes 274</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“zapepa”">"zapepa"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, employed in arrow poison (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Naranjo 7</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ontame”">"ontame"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, hunting (Huaorani)
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Naranjo & Freire 363</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“unta”">"unta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, hunting (Huaorani) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Naranjo & Freire 635</emphasis>
|
||
, st); as curare (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Pinkley 285</emphasis>
|
||
, st).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Peru</emphasis>
|
||
: "abuta, abote", used as vermifugue (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Huamán">Huaman</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 417
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“tseás”">"tseas"</normalizedToken>
|
||
as ingredient of curare (Mayna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Lewis et al. 10224</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“macháp”">"machap"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Mayna
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Lewis et al. 10425</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“machaap”">"machaap"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, as main ingredient of curare (Achual
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
) (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Lewis et al. 11759</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“macháp”">"machap"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Achuar
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
), "nakaapur, papur" (Achuar
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jívaro">Jivaro</normalizedToken>
|
||
), medicinal, to treat leishmaniasis lesions, also as ingredient of curare (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Lewis et al. 14349</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“abuta”">"abuta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
, to prepare poison for hunting (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Martin & Lau-Cam 1204</emphasis>
|
||
, st); "abuta hembra" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Martin & Lau-Cam 1273</emphasis>
|
||
, st); "abuta hembra (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Mathias & Taylor 3555</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“abuta”">"abuta"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Mathias & Taylor 5004</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">5010</emphasis>
|
||
, st); "abuta amarilla" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Rimachi 11394</emphasis>
|
||
, ♂ fl); "abuta ancho" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Schunke 5848</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">5849</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">5850</emphasis>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">5851</emphasis>
|
||
, all st); "abuta amarilla" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Tina & Oliveira</emphasis>
|
||
2343, st); "medicinal, (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">Vasquez</normalizedToken>
|
||
16803
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, st); "abuta negra" (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Woytkowski 5336</emphasis>
|
||
, st);
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ampi”">"ampi"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Woytkowski 5354</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">5355</emphasis>
|
||
, st).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
In reference to the Tecuna Indians who used the plant as a source of curare (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 89" refId="B4" refString="Barneby, RC, Krukoff, BA, 1971. Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. VIII. A Generic Survey of the American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 22 (3): 1 - 89" title="Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. VIII. A Generic Survey of the American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae." volume="22" year="1971">Barneby and Krukoff 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Specimens from Brazil (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Prance et al. 13991</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Campbell et al.</emphasis>
|
||
P21256) were previously identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. toxicofera" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="toxicofera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. toxicofera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Likewise, the common name of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“atinupa”">"atinupa"</normalizedToken>
|
||
attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Diels" authorityYear="1910" baseAuthorityName="Diels" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chondrodendron polyanthum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polyanthum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Chondrodendron polyanthum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Krukoff & Moldenke" authorityYear="1939" baseAuthorityName="Wedd." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chondrodendron" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chondrodendron toxicoferum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toxicoferum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Chondrodendron toxicoferum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea toxicofera" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toxicofera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Curarea toxicofera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2481123" author="Krukoff, BA" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="401 - 420" refId="B37" refString="Krukoff, BA, Smith, AC, 1937. Notes on the botanical components of curare. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 64 (6): 401 - 420, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2481123" title="Notes on the botanical components of curare." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2481123" volume="64" year="1937">Krukoff and Smith 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" author="Krukoff, BA" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 74" refId="B35" refString="Krukoff, BA, Moldenke, HN, 1938. Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons. Brittonia 3 (1): 1 - 74, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" title="Studies of American Menispermaceae with special reference to species used in preparation of arrow-poisons." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2804992" volume="3" year="1938">Krukoff and Moldenke 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Macbride, FJ" journalOrPublisher="Field Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="680 - 699" refId="B39" refString="Macbride, FJ, 1938. Flora of Peru. Botanical Series. Field Museum of Natural History 13 (2): 680 - 699" title="Flora of Peru. Botanical Series." volume="13" year="1938">Macbride 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barneby, RC" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 89" refId="B4" refString="Barneby, RC, Krukoff, BA, 1971. Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. VIII. A Generic Survey of the American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 22 (3): 1 - 89" title="Supplementary notes on American Menispermaceae. VIII. A Generic Survey of the American Triclisieae and Anomospermeae." volume="22" year="1971">Barneby and Krukoff 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are here confirmed to refer to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barneby & Krukoff" authorityYear="1971" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Curarea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Curarea tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tecunarum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Curarea tecunarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
The 14 collections evaluated correspond to 11 localities and yielded an Extent of occurrence (EOO) of 712,212 km2 and an Area of Occupancy (AOO) of 44 km2. The 11 localities, represent 11 subpopulations and 9 locations, four are found within protected areas (one in Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu and another in Parque Nacional
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cahuinarí">Cahuinari</normalizedToken>
|
||
, both in Colombia and two in Allpahuayo-Mishana National Reserve in Peru). Additionally, one was found in private lands in Peru. Based on several sterile specimens that are here assigned tentatively (and were not mapped nor included in the conservation assessment), the species appears to be distributed across the Amazon basin, hence the estimated AOO may be greater than that reported here. Therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tecunarum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. tecunarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assigned a preliminary status of "Least Concern" (LC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
Laxly multi-branched staminate inflorescences covered with brownish or creamy tomentellous indumentum and flowers that are usually sessile on irregular higher order branches are unique to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tecunarum" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="tecunarum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. tecunarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The species shares with
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. barnebyana" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="barnebyana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. barnebyana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a tomentellous indumentum on the abaxial leaf surface as well as subglobose carpophores, but the latter two have staminate inflorescences with condensed/contracted primary branches. These species also share some anatomical features (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Morphological features of the two species groups within Curarea. * = species not studied for wood anatomy." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/07D7C35EB217127C05FA6566899DF4E9" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" tableUuid="07D7C35EB217127C05FA6566899DF4E9">5</tableCitation>
|
||
; discussion of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. crassa" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="crassa">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. crassa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2018-01-01" collectingDateMax="2018-12-31" collectingDateMin="2018-01-01" country="BRAZIL" county="Sena Madureira" latitude="-9.329722" location="Ouro" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Floresta Estadual do Antymari" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Acre">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Brazil">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Acre">Acre</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Sena Madureira</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Floresta Estadual do Antymari</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, ramal do
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:486A2CFDF0BFDB634A5C6A5A22C247F0" country="BRAZIL" county="Sena Madureira" latitude="-9.329722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Floresta Estadual do Antymari" name="Ouro" stateProvince="Acre">Ouro</location>
|
||
, ca./abbrev>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="km" value="30.0">30 km</quantity>
|
||
da sede
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Úirapuro">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:18F08426A92F5AB1652CDF9077D12338" country="BRAZIL" county="Sena Madureira" latitude="-9.329722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Floresta Estadual do Antymari" name="Uirapuro" stateProvince="Acre">Uirapuro</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Servicio Florestal),
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="09" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="47" value="-9.329722">09°19'47"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="68" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-68.30334">68°18'12"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 9 Mar 13, (mat fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Medeiros et al. 1091</emphasis>
|
||
(NY!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1936-09-11" collectingDateMax="1945-11-27" collectingDateMin="1936-09-11" collectorName="Krukoff" country="Brazil" county="Igarape Curucuhy" latitude="-9.329722" location="Froes" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Sao Gabriel" specimenCount="♀" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Igarapé">Igarape</normalizedToken>
|
||
Curucuhy
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Gabriel
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1945-11-27">27 Nov 1945</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♀</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fróes">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:F8C4710F39E1A7E7A2E5B893DAF4414C" country="Brazil" county="Igarape Curucuhy" latitude="-9.329722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Sao Gabriel" name="Froes" stateProvince="Amazonas">Froes</location>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
21446
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F!, IAN!, NY!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:0CC7EEDA94E193BEDE3079A20DC7E329" country="Brazil" county="Igarape Curucuhy" latitude="-9.329722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Sao Gabriel" name="Munic. Sao Paulo de Olivenca" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
Munic.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
|
||
Paulo de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Olivença">Olivenca</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
, ibid., near
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:95551CF8FB439D70DC15C4C4222362C6" country="Brazil" county="Igarape Curucuhy" latitude="-9.329722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-68.30334" municipality="Sao Gabriel" name="Palmares" stateProvince="Amazonas">Palmares</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1936-09-11">11 Sept 1936</collectingDate>
|
||
-
|
||
<collectingDate value="1936-10-26">26 Oct 1936</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Krukoff</collectorName>
|
||
8370
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(A!, BM!, BR!, F [2]!, G!, MO!, NY!, U!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Cultivated in Rio de Janeiro, no specific locality (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Glaziou 9610</emphasis>
|
||
(P [2]!-a duplicate at F! as
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“9610”">"9610"</normalizedToken>
|
||
instead =
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Menispermaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. toxicofera" order="Ranunculales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="toxicofera">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">C. toxicofera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-03-20" collectingDateMax="1983-07-02" collectingDateMin="1978-03-20" collectorName="Ubiratan" country="Brazil" county="Rodovia" location="Silva" municipality="Alvorada-Costa Marques" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rondônia">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Brazil" name="Rondonia">Rondonia</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Rodovia</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Alvorada-Costa Marques</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, km 90, colectado no transectum, mata de terra firme, solo areno-argiloso,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1983-07-02">2 Jul 1983</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:D8FB9994689C130F9F37FE2C4DF879B8" country="Brazil" county="Rodovia" municipality="Alvorada-Costa Marques" name="Silva" stateProvince="Rondonia">Silva</location>
|
||
6538
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(IAN!, MG!, RB-2!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:FF0E99137FD7FB6F97C1B7EB8FE85039" country="Brazil" county="Rodovia" municipality="Alvorada-Costa Marques" name="Margen" stateProvince="Rondonia">Margen</location>
|
||
direita do
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:ADE0FA7D8AD32AB644ED560D8FC7EE8E" country="Brazil" county="Rodovia" municipality="Alvorada-Costa Marques" name="Rio Pacaas Novos" stateProvince="Rondonia">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pacáas">Pacaas</normalizedToken>
|
||
Novos
|
||
</location>
|
||
, entre a 1ra e 2da cachoeira, mata de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="várzea">varzea</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1978-03-20">20 Mar 1978</collectingDate>
|
||
, (imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Ubiratan</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 218
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(GH!, MO!, NY!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1990-11-29" collectorName="La Pedrera, Parque Nacional Natural Cahuinari, Estacion Biologica Puerto Barbados" country="COLOMBIA" elevation="300" latitude="-1.4666667" location="Inspeccion de Santa Isabel" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-70.76667" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectorName>La Pedrera</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:C10E8591554FC70FD71189DDF7F0EE51" country="COLOMBIA" latitude="-1.4666667" longLatPrecision="1308" longitude="-70.76667" name="Inspeccion de Santa Isabel" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Inspección">Inspeccion</normalizedToken>
|
||
de Santa Isabel
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
Parque Nacional Natural
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cahuinarí">Cahuinari</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Biológica">Biologica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Puerto Barbados
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="várzea">varzea</normalizedToken>
|
||
(rebalse alta) sobre suelos
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="lateríticos">lateriticos</normalizedToken>
|
||
, dominada por
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="G.F.W.Meyer" authorityYear="1818" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Astrocaryum" order="Arecales" pageId="35" pageNumber="44" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Astrocaryum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="01" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4666667">01°28'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="070" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-70.76667">070°46'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1990-11-29">29 Nov 1990</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Pipoly et al. 12846</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, NY!).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Comisaría">Comisaria</normalizedToken>
|
||
del
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-08" country="Colombia" location="Rio Guamues" municipality="Rio San Miguel" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Putumayo">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Putumayo">Putumayo</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Between
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
San Miguel
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:EC186E090D747BAF4E5A16CA851714B1" country="Colombia" municipality="Rio San Miguel" name="Rio Guamues" stateProvince="Putumayo">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamués">Guamues</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1963-08">Aug 1963</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Naranjo 7</emphasis>
|
||
(AMES!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1970-06-01" collectingDateMax="1970-06-08" collectingDateMin="1970-06-01" country="Colombia" location="Rio Macu-Parana" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Vaupes">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vaupés">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Vaupes">Vaupes</collectingRegion>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Right tributary of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:4A0BB91EAB678EF6166E1D7BEFF73912" country="Colombia" name="Rio Macu-Parana" stateProvince="Vaupes">Rio Macu-Parana</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1970-06-01" valueMax="1970-06-08" valueMin="1970-06-01">1-8 Jun 1970</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Silverwood-Cope 23</emphasis>
|
||
(AMES!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1981-04-13" collectorName="Davis, Yost" country="ECUADOR" location="Tiwaeno Rivers" municipality="Confluence of Quiwado" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Napo">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Napo">Napo</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Confluence of Quiwado</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:9FBD727CDEACECAD64B1B24BC9B615EC" country="ECUADOR" municipality="Confluence of Quiwado" name="Tiwaeno Rivers" stateProvince="Napo">Tiwaeno Rivers</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1981-04-13">13 Apr 1981</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Davis</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Yost</collectorName>
|
||
943
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(AMES!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2004-05-09" collectorName="Freire, Naranjo" country="Ecuador" county="Loreto" elevation="250" latitude="-0.72555554" location="Comunidad Miwaguno" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.72667" municipality="Reserva Etnica Huaorani" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Orellana">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Orellana">Orellana</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Loreto</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Reserva
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Étnica">Etnica</normalizedToken>
|
||
Huaorani
|
||
</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:35467F0AD0A4BB6B0C28432E2F2053D0" country="Ecuador" county="Loreto" latitude="-0.72555554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.72667" municipality="Reserva Etnica Huaorani" name="Comunidad Miwaguno" stateProvince="Orellana">Comunidad Miwaguno</location>
|
||
a
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="km" value="140.0">140 km</quantity>
|
||
al. sur del
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:3F47BFC5960D78C645AC85F3C21DCC29" country="Ecuador" county="Loreto" latitude="-0.72555554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.72667" municipality="Reserva Etnica Huaorani" name="Coca" stateProvince="Orellana">Coca</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
|
||
al.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:B19B6478E076984D7A6233233E9B0DAB" country="Ecuador" county="Loreto" latitude="-0.72555554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.72667" municipality="Reserva Etnica Huaorani" name="Pindo" stateProvince="Orellana">Pindo</location>
|
||
, bloque 14 (ENCAN),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:B9E9D5452D5548D3B0E4EDD5EAB79D3F" country="Ecuador" county="Loreto" latitude="-0.72555554" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-76.72667" municipality="Reserva Etnica Huaorani" name="Rio Shiripuno" stateProvince="Orellana">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Shiripuno
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="00" direction="south" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-0.72555554">00°43'32S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="076" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-76.72667">076°43'36"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="m" value="250.0">250 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2004-05-09">9 May 2004</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Freire</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Naranjo</collectorName>
|
||
685
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!, QCNE n.v.)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-07-25" collectingDateMax="1989-07-29" collectingDateMin="1989-07-25" collectorName="Lewis" country="Ecuador" elevation="235" latitude="-2.5166667" location="Rio Pastaza" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-76.8" municipality="Kapawi" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pastaza">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kapawí">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Kapawi</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Amuntai),
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:BF36B07E9462FD9C1DF68BD9D79C8A96" country="Ecuador" latitude="-2.5166667" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-76.8" municipality="Kapawi" name="Rio Pastaza" stateProvince="Pastaza">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
Pastaza
|
||
</location>
|
||
, village area, secondary and primary forests and pastures,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="02" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.5166667">02°31'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="076" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.8">076°48'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" unit="m" value="235.0">235 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1989-07-25" valueMax="1989-07-29" valueMin="1989-07-25">25-29 July 1989</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectorName>Lewis</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 13848
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-02" collectorName="Vasquez" country="PERU" county="Bagua" elevation="550" latitude="-4.9166665" location="Region del Maranon" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Distrito Imaza" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Bagua</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Distrito Imaza</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:8C0D568A3065F69C7620015B5642F230" country="PERU" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Distrito Imaza" name="Region del Maranon" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Región">Region</normalizedToken>
|
||
del
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:F44D0D387314AF186A75E5DE530EE3B4" country="PERU" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Distrito Imaza" name="Comunidad de Yamayakat" stateProvince="Amazonas">Comunidad de Yamayakat</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:0F6EB83096BD3D3B053DEEA7A1BD670A" country="PERU" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Distrito Imaza" name="Quebrada Kusu-Chapi" stateProvince="Amazonas">Quebrada Kusu-Chapi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:D461017215C2ECB3F40F5D722E08258F" country="PERU" county="Bagua" latitude="-4.9166665" longLatPrecision="1306" longitude="-78.316666" municipality="Distrito Imaza" name="Rio Maranon" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Marañon">Maranon</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.9166665">04°55'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="078" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">078°19'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="m" value="550.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1995-02">Feb 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Vásquez">
|
||
<collectorName>Vasquez</collectorName>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 19467
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1995-10-18" collectingDateMax="1996-02-24" collectingDateMin="1995-10-18" collectorName="Ortiz, Ruiz, Carretera Iquitos-Nauta, Pichiri, Rimachi" country="Peru" county="Maynas" elevation="140" latitude="-4.1666665" location="Quebrada Sucusari" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Distrito Las Amazonas" specimenCount="♂" stateProvince="Loreto">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Loreto">Loreto</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Maynas</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Distrito Las Amazonas</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:87271E27C455BB6992418E70604A90FA" country="Peru" county="Maynas" latitude="-4.1666665" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Distrito Las Amazonas" name="Quebrada Sucusari" stateProvince="Loreto">Quebrada Sucusari</location>
|
||
, bosque maduro en tierra firme,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="03" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.25">03°15'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="072" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-72.916664">072°55'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="140.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1996-02-01">1 Feb 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
, (imm fr),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:2207E232FC1FEB7ACB3BA4693335BCA8" country="Peru" county="Maynas" latitude="-4.1666665" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Distrito Las Amazonas" name="Ortiz" stateProvince="Loreto">Ortiz</location>
|
||
et al. 143
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!); ibid., (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="44">Ortiz et al. 144</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!);
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:356019ED88B0620531BFC6955C1E837C" country="Peru" county="Maynas" latitude="-4.1666665" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Distrito Las Amazonas" name="Distrito de Iquitos" stateProvince="Loreto">
|
||
Distrito
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="45" start="start">de</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Iquitos
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:DB4A9624C9F1EEC452982CA928EB7C9C" country="Peru" county="Maynas" latitude="-4.1666665" longLatPrecision="1307" longitude="-73.5" municipality="Distrito Las Amazonas" name="Estacion Experimental de Allpahuayo" stateProvince="Loreto">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Estación">Estacion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Experimental de Allpahuayo
|
||
</location>
|
||
, IIAP,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="04" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.1666665">04°10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="073" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-73.5">073°30'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" unit="m" value="120.0">120 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1996-02-24">24 Feb 1996</collectingDate>
|
||
, (old
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectorName>Ortiz</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Ruiz</collectorName>
|
||
188
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!);
|
||
<collectorName>Carretera Iquitos-Nauta</collectorName>
|
||
, km 21, trocha de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="penetración">penetracion</normalizedToken>
|
||
del fundo
|
||
<collectorName>Pichiri</collectorName>
|
||
, en terreno alto y arenoso,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1995-10-18">18 Oct 1995</collectingDate>
|
||
, (
|
||
<specimenCount>♂</specimenCount>
|
||
fl),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectorName>Rimachi</collectorName>
|
||
11394
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1983-06-16" collectorName="Gentry" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" elevation="200" latitude="-10.2" location="Puerto Bermudez" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-74.95" municipality="Proyecto Pichis Palcazu" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Pasco">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Pasco">Pasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>Oxapampa</collectingCounty>
|
||
, vivero,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Proyecto Pichis Palcazu</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:1F51D0B33A1690DB2FDBC8BCE23FC4E1" country="Peru" county="Oxapampa" latitude="-10.2" longLatPrecision="1298" longitude="-74.95" municipality="Proyecto Pichis Palcazu" name="Puerto Bermudez" stateProvince="Pasco">Puerto Bermudez</location>
|
||
, transect 2,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-10.2">10°12'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="074" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-74.95">074°57'W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1983-06-16">16 Jun 1983</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectorName>Gentry</collectorName>
|
||
et al. 42061
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1960-06-28" collectorName="Mathias, Taylor" country="Peru" county="Vicinity of Aguaytia" location="Pucallpa" municipality="Aguaytia" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin-Ucayali">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="San Martin-Ucayali">San Martin-Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCounty>
|
||
Vicinity of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aguaytía">Aguaytia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectingCounty>
|
||
, high ground in forest, east of
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aguaytía">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Aguaytia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
, between
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:738809B45B8D2FC28FEB88E1ED112125" country="Peru" county="Vicinity of Aguaytia" municipality="Aguaytia" name="Pucallpa" stateProvince="San Martin-Ucayali">Pucallpa</location>
|
||
road and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:FF9A440FBF20F16F00C007799598ACD3" country="Peru" county="Vicinity of Aguaytia" municipality="Aguaytia" name="Rio Aguaytia" stateProvince="San Martin-Ucayali">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aguaytía">Aguaytia</normalizedToken>
|
||
</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1960-06-28">28 Jun 1960</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectorName>Mathias</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Taylor</collectorName>
|
||
5004
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1962-03-29" collectorName="Schunke" country="Peru" location="Fundo Vista Alegre" municipality="Aguaytia" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Ucayali">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Ucayali">Ucayali</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Aguaytía">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Aguaytia</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:164179EC2996D41F63D250F0548B19D8" country="Peru" municipality="Aguaytia" name="Fundo Vista Alegre" stateProvince="Ucayali">Fundo Vista Alegre</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1962-03-29">29 Mar 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectorName>Schunke</collectorName>
|
||
5848
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(F! [2])
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1984-04-23" collectorName="Gentry, Stein" country="VENEZUELA" elevation="140" location="Rio Mawarinuma" municipality="Cerro Neblina" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Amazonas">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Venezuela">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion country="Venezuela" name="Amazonas">Amazonas</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality>Cerro Neblina</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
base camp on
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AFA6AE28840D08BA9113E62F34043FA5:7B40B76DDC0F6492CD7375FE78AD1E97" country="VENEZUELA" municipality="Cerro Neblina" name="Rio Mawarinuma" stateProvince="Amazonas">Rio Mawarinuma</location>
|
||
, mature forest on sandy
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“ultisol”">"ultisol"</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="140.0">
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" unit="m" value="140.0">140 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="1984-04-23">23 Apr 1984</collectingDate>
|
||
, (st),
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<collectorName>Gentry</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName>Stein</collectorName>
|
||
46878
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(MO!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |