486 lines
68 KiB
XML
486 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="B7F4106EEA343ADC3CDEB636D8341339" ID-CLB-Dataset="27933" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4524.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7a97942-217c-4e0e-8563-969409805c6e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2610371" ID-ZooBank="084C4394-49B4-46DB-8844-F2A91C25C8AD" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553625110824" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Horvath, Elizabeth A. & Stone, Robert P." docDate="2018" docId="26650562FFF9FFE0FF24F9AD6DD4FC2E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4524.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4524 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Alaskagorgia splendicitrina Horvath & Stone 2018, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="DA5C7D1AFFFBFFE7FFB3FF8C6F1CFFE6" masterDocTitle="Another unusual new gorgonian (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska" masterLastPageNumber="120" masterPageNumber="112" pageNumber="114" updateTime="1698713973232" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3E5C99531CEFA67D5DD6919B632E9F0">
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<mods:title id="A5B2AB4088E93E9E2AD0935A448EDF3C">Another unusual new gorgonian (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="62943950BFC2E94F8284C5F7AF62EB29" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="D2F409FCFE6E8BA8C9B0FC4D6B4BE1F3">Horvath, Elizabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="9F68F1D4B353E9A8BFD669CE54B6C6D6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="620314ECEDF2ABB07DFF7FE74E3B4475">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="609CB3040314BBD368BA9CE4475FC26E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="4AE3B26EFA294063CFD2E78D28183A0C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7AA66641E06BB89C6CB43354717113AD">
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<mods:date id="66D7FDECD542913850DDBEF9FE7BAB32">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="BC349CD2A6A6D990B1B57A24138DFDFD">2018-11-20</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="72A06BAF10F3CDD0A0F3039B1E2DF71C">4524</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3109BF4E92043552585B42386D071D52" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4524.1.8</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="26650562FFF9FFE0FF24F9AD6DD4FC2E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5974921" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154499464" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5974921" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26650562FFF9FFE0FF24F9AD6DD4FC2E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/26650562FFF9FFE0FF24F9AD6DD4FC2E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF9FFE5FF24F9AD6D33F9DD" box="[151,559,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF9FFE5FF24F9AD6D33F9DD" blockId="2.[151,559,1569,1629]" box="[151,559,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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<heading id="F53B0318FFF9FFE5FF24F9AD6D33F9DD" bold="true" box="[151,559,1569,1595]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF9FFE5FF24F9AD6D33F9DD" bold="true" box="[151,559,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFF9FFE5FF24F9AD6EF9F9DD" ID-CoL="5TVSM" authority="Horvath & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Horvath & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[151,485,1569,1595]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="splendicitrina" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF9FFE5FF24F9AD6EF9F9DD" bold="true" box="[151,485,1569,1595]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Alaskagorgia splendicitrina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="878BD51DFFF9FFE5FE5EF9AD6D33F9DD" box="[493,559,1569,1595]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF9FFE5FF24F9C86E0EF9BB" box="[151,274,1604,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF9FFE5FF24F9C86E0EF9BB" blockId="2.[151,559,1569,1629]" box="[151,274,1604,1629]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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(
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<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF9FFE5FF2CF9C86E16F9BB" box="[159,266,1604,1629]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox-0="[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetId-0="figure@4.[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole, live colony upon collection. B, Close-up of several branches, showing distribution of polyps, shape of polyp, and arrangement of tentacles." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C 1 and C 2 longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2610375/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Figs. 2–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF9FFE5FF24F9006ECFF8D3" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF9FFE5FF24F9006ECFF8D3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1676,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF9FFE5FF24F9006E99F943" bold="true" box="[151,389,1676,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="1EA4BE29FFF9FFE5FE3EF9006ECFF8D3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521372" collectingDate="2002-06-18" collectionCode="ETOH, SEM" collectorName="Roger Clark & C. Supplemental" latitude="52.9369" location="western Aleutian Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="170.9834" municipality="Stalemate Bank" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" specimenCode="USNM 1498741, 2" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Alaska" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFF9FFE5FE3EF9006EE9F943" box="[397,501,1676,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<specimenCode id="FE6A1C0FFFF9FFE5FE4CF9016DA2F943" box="[511,702,1677,1701]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">USNM 1498741</specimenCode>
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, whole specimen dry (originally in ethanol), collected by
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<collectorName id="0339D1A2FFF9FFE5FAE4F9016FC9F92F" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Roger Clark</collectorName>
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on
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<date id="DA7292B4FFF9FFE5FEBFF93C6EAEF92E" box="[268,434,1712,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" value="2002-06-18">
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<collectingDate id="CA366B5CFFF9FFE5FEBFF93C6EAEF92E" box="[268,434,1712,1736]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" value="2002-06-18">
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18 June
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<quantity id="69341991FFF9FFE5FEC4F93C6EAEF92E" box="[375,434,1712,1736]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.002184" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" unit="m" value="2002184.0">2002</quantity>
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</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, 184 m depth,
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<collectingMunicipality id="4E172E0EFFF9FFE5FDC1F93C6C30F92F" box="[626,812,1712,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Stalemate Bank</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="AB13E2AFFFF9FFE5FC8DF93D6B7FF92F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26650562FFF9FFE0FF24F9AD6DD4FC2E:AB13E2AFFFF9FFE5FC8DF93D6B7FF92F" box="[830,1123,1712,1737]" latitude="52.9369" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="170.9834" municipality="Stalemate Bank" name="western Aleutian Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" stateProvince="Alaska">western Aleutian Islands</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="6C087A96FFF9FFE5FBC6F93C6BDAF92F" box="[1141,1222,1712,1737]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Alaska</collectingRegion>
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, (
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<geoCoordinate id="CBF8D2B3FFF9FFE5FB6CF93C6A84F92E" box="[1247,1432,1712,1737]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" precision="1" value="52.9369">52°56'12.84" N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CBF8D2B3FFF9FFE5FF24F9586E46F90B" box="[151,346,1748,1773]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" precision="1" value="170.9834">170°59'00.24" E</geoCoordinate>
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), Station 89, bottom water temperature = 3.6 °
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<collectorName id="0339D1A2FFF9FFE5FC2CF9596B7DF90B" box="[927,1121,1748,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">C. Supplemental</collectorName>
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<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFF9FFE5FBC3F9586BCEF90B" box="[1136,1234,1748,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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material
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<specimenCode id="FE6A1C0FFFF9FFE5FAF8F9596FE0F8F6" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">USNM 1498741</specimenCode>
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,
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<specimenCode id="FE6A1C0FFFF9FFE5FEBBF9746E0AF8F6" box="[264,278,1784,1808]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="Museum">2</specimenCode>
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dry branch tips (5 and
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<quantity id="69341991FFF9FFE5FD97F9756D40F8F6" box="[548,604,1785,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
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long), wet (70%
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<collectionCode id="C8DD2CB1FFF9FFE5FC95F9746C6EF8F6" box="[806,882,1784,1808]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">ETOH</collectionCode>
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) branch section (
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<quantity id="69341991FFF9FFE5FB84F9746B6DF8F6" box="[1079,1137,1784,1808]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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long), vials of sclerites in 70%
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<collectionCode id="C8DD2CB1FFF9FFE5FF62F8916E07F8D3" box="[209,283,1821,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">ETOH</collectionCode>
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and
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<collectionCode id="C8DD2CB1FFF9FFE5FEE1F8916E90F8D3" box="[338,396,1821,1845]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">SEM</collectionCode>
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stubs.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF9FFE5FF74F8CC6E3EF822" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF9FFE5FF74F8CC6E3EF822" blockId="2.[151,1437,1676,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF9FFE5FF74F8CC6E5DF8BF" bold="true" box="[199,321,1856,1881]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Fan-like, branches robust, numerous, slightly curling back towards center and base, convoluted; branch ends conspicuously clavate. Large, exposed polyps with coenenchyme conspicuously raised around polyp orifices; small base (holdfast) present. Axis dark reddish brown/black, horny (hard to cut), with hollow chambered central core.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF9FFE4FF74F85C6B73F8E2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF9FFE4FF74F85C6DBCFD16" blockId="2.[151,1437,1676,2025]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">
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||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF9FFE5FF74F85C6E45F80F" bold="true" box="[199,345,2000,2025]" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Description.</emphasis>
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Vibrantly-colored (
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<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF9FFE5FD86F85C6DA6F80E" box="[565,698,2000,2025]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole, live colony upon collection. B, Close-up of several branches, showing distribution of polyps, shape of polyp, and arrangement of tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="114">Figs. 2A, B</figureCitation>
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), upright colony (~
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||
<quantity id="69341991FFF9FFE5FC20F85C6CC5F80E" box="[915,985,2000,2024]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="114" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
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high), arborescent, extensively laterally branched, but rather squat, very broad (~
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<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FDD2FF1B6DBBFF49" box="[609,679,151,176]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
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wide), with many long, stout ended-branches ~5.0 mm in diameter (excluding polyps), often with clavate tips up to 1.0 cm in diameter (nearly as wide as trunk diameter). Branching generally lateral; primary branches hard to distinguish from secondary (and any tertiary from secondary), but latter also range ~5.0 mm in diameter, with branches somewhat convoluted, tending to curl in all planes; tendency to curl down and back towards base, over front or rear of colony, branches often seeming to tangle themselves together, giving overall appearance of colony being flat, but not actually in one plane; branching pattern “bushy lateral.” Curling became more pronounced as colony dried (
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||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FD67FEE36C31FE6E" box="[724,813,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
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), with branches reminiscent of the writhing snakes seen atop the Gorgon Medusa’s head. Curled and convoluted pattern more pronounced at distal ends of secondary and smaller branches, a few making a really tight curl, such that distal tip of branch met/touched base attachment of branch. Despite tight curling and convolutions, no sign of branch anastomosing. Primary branch length (difficult to accurately measure due to curling)
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<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FD87FE736D89FDF1" box="[564,661,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="16.5">16.5 cm</quantity>
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||
; secondary branch lengths ranged from 8.0 cm to nearly
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||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FA84FE736A85FDF1" box="[1335,1433,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="16.5">16.5 cm</quantity>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFF8FFE4FF24FDA86FE3FDDB" box="[151,255,548,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
with main trunk roughly
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||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FD96FDA86D6EFDDA" box="[549,626,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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||
tall, nearly 8.0 mm wide, bearing proximally small, flat base (round in circumference), ~
|
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<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FEECFDCB6EB1FDB9" box="[351,429,583,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
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in diameter. At distal end of trunk, at least two primary branches come off, one to each side at roughly 90°. From each of these, two or more secondary branches immediately split off, at ~45° before advent of seemingly numerous tertiary branches. Branches (irregularly) slightly flattened “front to back,” more evident at branch ramification points. Branchlets (tertiary branches) extend to roughly
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FBD3FD386BB0FD2A" box="[1120,1196,692,717]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="cm" value="7.5">7.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Axis black at base, dark olive-brown/maroon in branches.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF8FFE4FF74FD706EBDFB0E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Polyps large, exposed, numerous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FDECFD706DDBFCF2" box="[607,711,764,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole, live colony upon collection. B, Close-up of several branches, showing distribution of polyps, shape of polyp, and arrangement of tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610375/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Figs. 2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FD6AFD706DE0FCF2" box="[729,764,764,788]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
), scattered on all sides of major, secondary and tertiary branches, with few to none on main trunk and holdfast. Anthocodiae (tentacles of polyp) fully retractile into moderate to very thick coenenchyme, but are commonly preserved exert (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FBB1FCC86B43FCBA" box="[1026,1119,836,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Coenenchyme sometimes displayed grooves or folds, depending on degree of extension and orientation of polyp. Often, cortex (which appeared to be loculated) conspicuously raised around polyp openings (when polyps fully retracted), forming short, cylindrical protuberances as broad, rounded domes (“grooved pyramids”) up to 3.0 mm tall, up to 3.0 mm in diameter; aperture opening ~2.0 mm across, round to oblong in shape, eight-lobed. Equally, protuberances could be reduced to barely visible raised and lobed rim (“collar”) at top of protuberance with eight notches around exert polyp. Tentacles of polyps appear rather long, extending out beyond aperture edge some 3.0 mm. Polyp tentacles often all joined together to form a tall “grooved column,” extending directly perpendicular to branch, but also pointed upwards, downwards, or to either “side” of polyp (generally, pointing in any direction). Spacing between polyps from immediately adjacent (seen out towards branch tips and at distal-most end, clustered to form swollen ball;
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FF66FB206E2CFB22" box="[213,304,1196,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
) to widely spaced (5.0 mm apart) on primary branches; coenenchyme surface between polyps appeared fairly smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF8FFE4FF74FB786B5AFA9E" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Sclerites generally displayed those forms typical of the genus; anthocodiae are rather densely armed with somewhat pointed, tuberculate spindles (lying longitudinally on tentacle surface), many nearly
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FB62FA9B6A34FAD6" box="[1233,1320,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; few attain a length slightly greater than
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FD88FAB06D89FAB2" box="[571,661,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FD1BFAB06C1AFAB2" box="[680,774,1340,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C 1 and C 2 longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). It was difficult to determine if introvert was devoid of sclerites but none of the anthocodial sclerites appeared to have projecting processes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF8FFE4FF74FA086B73F8E2" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">
|
||
Coenenchyme divided into three layers; remaining sclerite forms overlap somewhat across layers (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FAAEFA086A71FA7A" box="[1309,1389,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C 1 and C 2 longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C-1, 2). Surface layer of coenenchyme quite thin, containing small oval capstans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FC4EFA2B6B49FA26" box="[1021,1109,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C 1 and C 2 longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
) ranging in length from
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FAD8FA246E00FA02" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.08" valueMax="0.09" valueMin="0.07">0.07 to 0.09 mm</quantity>
|
||
, collectively falling at the larger end of the range for those seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFF8FFE4FBAEFA406BBBFA02" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[1053,1191,1484,1508]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF8FFE4FBAEFA406B32FA05" box="[1053,1070,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF8FFE4FB8EFA406BBBFA02" box="[1085,1191,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Progressing inwards toward colony axis, sclerites of large middle coenenchyme layer (containing many, dense gastric cavities) were oval capstans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FEF5F9986EBCF9CA" box="[326,416,1556,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C 1 and C 2 longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
) ranging in length from
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FD79F9986C88F9CA" box="[714,916,1556,1580]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.105" valueMax="0.18" valueMin="0.03">0.03 to 0.18 mm</quantity>
|
||
. In the deepest layer, also quite thin, which included the axial sheath, there are generally simple or modified octoradiate sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FBD8F9BB6BD9F9B6" box="[1131,1221,1591,1616]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[150,1436,548,1933]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C 1 and C 2 longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), ranging in length from 0.1 to ~
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FE9AF9D06E98F992" box="[297,388,1628,1652]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Surface of coenenchyme is covered with thick layer of epidermal tissue. Sclerites not visible to the naked eye; but layer of smallest sclerites lies beneath epidermal tissue. While many sclerites appeared colorless (typical of the genus), careful examination with light microscopy showed most sclerites were a very pale yellow. Coenenchyme bright, vibrant lemon-yellow when freshly collected and presumably
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF8FFE4FB4FF9446A57F939" box="[1276,1355,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
, color accentuated by numerous peachy-orange brittle stars entwined in branches (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FC5BF9606B7DF8E2" box="[1000,1121,1772,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1956,1978]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[313,1273,611,1919]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole, live colony upon collection. B, Close-up of several branches, showing distribution of polyps, shape of polyp, and arrangement of tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610375/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF8FFE4FF74F8836A2CF8CE" box="[199,1328,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF8FFE4FF74F8836A2CF8CE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1328,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1EA4BE29FFF8FFE4FF74F8836A2CF8CE" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2028521354" box="[199,1328,1807,1832]" elevation="184" latitude="52.9369" location="Stalemate Bank" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="170.9834" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" specimenCount="184" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF8FFE4FF74F8836E79F8CE" bold="true" box="[199,357,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFF8FFE4FF74F8836E1EF8CE" box="[199,258,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<location id="AB13E2AFFFF8FFE4FEDFF8836D03F8CE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:26650562FFF9FFE0FF24F9AD6DD4FC2E:AB13E2AFFFF8FFE4FEDFF8836D03F8CE" box="[364,543,1807,1832]" latitude="52.9369" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="170.9834" municipality="western Aleutian Islands" name="Stalemate Bank" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Stalemate Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4E172E0EFFF8FFE4FD99F89D6C5EF8CE" box="[554,834,1807,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">western Aleutian Islands</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CBF8D2B3FFF8FFE4FCE6F8836B1BF8CE" box="[853,1031,1807,1832]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" precision="1" value="52.9369">52°56'12.84" N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CBF8D2B3FFF8FFE4FBA1F8836BD2F8CE" box="[1042,1230,1807,1832]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" precision="1" value="170.9834">170°59'00.24" E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
),
|
||
<specimenCount id="B8CA7FFDFFF8FFE4FB51F89C6A2CF8CE" box="[1250,1328,1808,1832]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFF8FFE4FB51F89C6A30F8CE" box="[1250,1324,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="184.0">
|
||
<elevation id="25E15347FFF8FFE4FB51F89C6A30F8CE" box="[1250,1324,1808,1832]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8399999999999999" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" unit="m" value="184.0">184 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFF8FFE3FF74F8B86B32FE4B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFF8FFE3FF74F8B86E27FF33" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="116" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFF8FFE4FF74F8B86EEFF8AB" bold="true" box="[199,499,1844,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Distribution and ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
Presently known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFF8FFE4FCEDF8B96C92F8AB" box="[862,910,1845,1869]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFF8FFE4FC49F8B86B20F8AA" box="[1018,1084,1844,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Aleutian Island Archipelago showing the distribution of Alaskagorgia specimens (expertly identified) collected in the region. Blue triangles indicate the location of Alaskagorgia aleutiana, the red circle indicates the location of A. splendicitrina n. sp., and the purple square indicates Alaskagorgia sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610373/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="115">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). Despite extensive collections from bottom trawl, longline, and crab pot fisheries and research surveys throughout the region during the past several decades and systematic surveys of seafloor habitat in the central Aleutian Islands with submersibles and remotely operated vehicles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFF8FFE4FE67F82C6D4BF85F" author="Stone, R. P." box="[468,599,1952,1977]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" pagination="229 - 238" refId="ref4231" refString="Stone, R. P. (2006) Coral habitat in the Aleutian Islands of Alaska: depth distribution, fine-scale species association, and fisheries interactions. Coral Reefs, 25, 229 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00338 - 006 - 0091 - z" type="journal article" year="2006">Stone 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFF8FFE4FDD0F82C6DF8F85E" author="Stone, R. P." box="[611,740,1952,1976]" pageId="3" pageNumber="115" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref4286" refString="Stone, R. P. (2014) The ecology of deep-sea coral and sponge habitats of the central Aleutian Islands of Alaska. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 16, 1 - 52." type="journal article" year="2014">Stone 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) only the single specimen has been collected or observed. We speculate that it emanated from the much less explored region to the west including the Commander (Komandorskie) Islands and Kamchatka Peninsula of the Russian Far East and that it is endemic to the Northwest Pacific region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFFFFE3FF74FF536B32FE4B" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">
|
||
The single specimen was collected with a bottom trawl so there were no
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FBBCFF6C6B4BFF11" box="[1039,1111,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
observations of the seafloor setting where it was collected. But based on the invertebrate (sea stars—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFFFFE3FC0CFE896A71FEFB" authority="(O. F. Muller, 1776)" authorityName="O. F. Muller" authorityYear="1776" baseAuthorityName="O. F. Muller" baseAuthorityYear="1776" box="[959,1389,260,285]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="militaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FC0CFE896B91FEFA" box="[959,1165,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">Pteraster militaris</emphasis>
|
||
(O.F. Müller, 1776)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFFFFE3FF24FEA46D01FEA6" authority="(Linnaeus, 1771)" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1771" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1771" box="[151,541,295,320]" class="Asteroidea" family="Solasteridae" genus="Solaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="endeca">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FF24FEA46E50FEA6" box="[151,332,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">Solaster endeca</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1771)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFFFFE3FD18FEA46B6DFEA6" authority="(Redfield, 1846)" authorityName="Redfield" authorityYear="1846" baseAuthorityName="Redfield" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[683,1137,295,320]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ranellidae" genus="Fusitriton" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oregonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FD18FEA46CB0FED9" box="[683,940,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">Fusitriton oregonensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Redfield, 1846)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C087A96FFFFFFE3FB3EFEAB6BFFFEA6" box="[1165,1251,295,320]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
triton) and fish (skates, soles, sculpins, sandlance and rockfishes) catch in the trawl we can surmise that the species is found in areas of sand, pebble, and small cobble with moderate bottom currents. The shape and morphology of the specimen’s holdfast indicate that it was attached to a small cobble or large pebble.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFFFFFE3FF74FE3B6DE1FDFE" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFFFFE3FF74FE3B6D4BFE13" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FF74FE3B6E52FE36" bold="true" box="[199,334,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species designation is derived from the Latin word for “bright” or “vibrant” (=splendius) and the Latin for “lemon-yellow” (=citrina).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFFFFE3FF74FE736DE1FDFE" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,536]" box="[199,765,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FF74FE736E99FDFE" bold="true" box="[199,389,511,536]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">Common name.</emphasis>
|
||
Lemon-yellow Squat Gorgonian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="FAB3E4FCFFFFFFE3FF24F8286CBAF83F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610375/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" startId="4.[151,250,1956,1978]" targetBox="[313,1273,611,1919]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFFFFE3FF24F8286CBAF83F" blockId="4.[151,1436,1956,2009]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FF24F8286E0AF85C" bold="true" box="[151,278,1956,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFFFFE3FE15F8296D4EF85C" authority="Horvath & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Horvath & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[422,594,1956,1978]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="splendicitrina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FE15F8296EA9F85C" box="[422,437,1957,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FE76F8286D4EF85C" box="[453,594,1956,1978]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">splendicitrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFFFFE3FDEFF8286D84F85C" bold="true" box="[604,664,1956,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="878BD51DFFFFFFE3FDEFF8286D84F85C" box="[604,664,1956,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="116" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Whole, live colony upon collection. B, Close-up of several branches, showing distribution of polyps, shape of polyp, and arrangement of tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="FAB3E4FCFFFEFFE2FF24FA066FEBFA3B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" startId="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" targetBox="[313,1273,193,1404]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFEFFE2FF24FA066FEBFA3B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1418,1501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FF24FA066E0EFA46" bold="true" box="[151,274,1418,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FE2BFA066D5DFA46" authority="Horvath & Stone, 2018" authorityName="Horvath & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[408,577,1418,1440]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="splendicitrina" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FE2BFA066EBBFA79" box="[408,423,1418,1439]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FE07FA066D5DFA46" box="[436,577,1418,1440]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">splendicitrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FDF5FA066D63FA46" bold="true" box="[582,639,1418,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="878BD51DFFFEFFE2FDF5FA066D63FA46" box="[582,639,1418,1440]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFFEFFE0FF74F9886D9BFE36" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFEFFE2FF74F9886E14F816" blockId="5.[151,1437,1540,2033]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FF74F9886ECDF9FB" bold="true" box="[199,465,1540,1565]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Taxonomic discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites were illustrative; tuberculate spindles of species described here nearly double in length of those observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FE40F9A56CADF9A7" authority="Sanchez and Cairns, 2004" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[499,945,1576,1601]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FE40F9A56D18F9A6" box="[499,516,1577,1600]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FDA0F9A56D61F9A7" box="[531,637,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFFEFFE2FD36F9A46CADF9A7" author="Sanchez, J. A. & Cairns, S. D." box="[645,945,1576,1601]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" pagination="265 - 274" refId="ref4182" refString="Sanchez, J. A. & Cairns, S. D. (2004) An unusual new gorgonian coral (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78 (1 - 12), 265 - 274." type="journal article" year="2004">Sánchez and Cairns, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFFEFFE2FC0EF9A46B16F9A7" box="[957,1034,1576,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1418,1440]" captionTargetBox="[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[313,1273,193,1404]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of A. splendicitrina n. sp. A, Whole colony, fully dried. Note curled nature of branches. B, Close-up of a large branch tip, showing the arrangement of polyps at the terminal branch end and clavate tip with large polyps and prominent tentacles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610377/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
I-J, 5F-J and 6G, I-J, where longest shown measured roughly
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFEFFE2FE06F9C06D00F982" box="[437,540,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.26">0.26 mm</quantity>
|
||
. There may be a typographical error in the description text (page
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFEFFE2FB41F9C06A24F983" box="[1266,1336,1612,1637]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.8072" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="in" value="268.0">268 in</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFFEFFE2FA8CF9C06E44F96F" author="Sanchez, J. A. & Cairns, S. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="117" pagination="265 - 274" refId="ref4182" refString="Sanchez, J. A. & Cairns, S. D. (2004) An unusual new gorgonian coral (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78 (1 - 12), 265 - 274." type="journal article" year="2004">Sánchez and Cairns 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where a maximum length was given as
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFEFFE2FC8EF9FC6C85F96E" box="[829,921,1648,1673]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
; however this does not correspond to values given in any of the figures. Anthocodial sclerites displayed no projecting processes, seen in some examples of this form in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FF4AF9356E99F937" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[249,389,1721,1745]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FF4AF9356E16F936" box="[249,266,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FEAFF9356E99F937" box="[284,389,1721,1745]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Small, densely warted double heads reported for the surface layer in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFFEFFE2FB47F9346A4AF937" box="[1268,1366,1720,1745]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FA37F9356E1DF913" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FA37F9356A89F936" box="[1412,1429,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FF24F9516E1DF913" box="[151,257,1757,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not detected in multiple sample preparations of sclerites done for this specimen. However,
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFFEFFE2FF24F88D6E1EF8FF" box="[151,258,1793,1817]" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FE87F88D6EA3F8FF" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[308,447,1793,1817]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FE87F88D6EA3F8FF" box="[308,447,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A. aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not have these sclerites in their outer surface. Examinations of other specimens of this species would need to be done to see if these smaller double heads ever occur. Oval capstans of middle coenenchyme layer slightly smaller than or as large as those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FCD6F8C56CF3F887" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[869,1007,1865,1889]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FCD6F8C56C6AF886" box="[869,886,1865,1888]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FC36F8C56CF3F887" box="[901,1007,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. While these sclerites become longer, more ornamented in deeper layers of the coenenchyme in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FCEAF8E16CF4F863" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[857,1000,1901,1925]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FCEAF8E16C76F862" box="[857,874,1901,1924]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FCCDF8E16CF4F863" box="[894,1000,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they did not do so in this species. Octoradiates of the deepest layer, at their largest, were slightly smaller than the axial sclerites of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FB6CF81D6A75F84F" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[1247,1385,1937,1961]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FB6CF81D6BECF84E" box="[1247,1264,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FB4CF81D6A75F84F" box="[1279,1385,1937,1961]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. All sclerites in the species described here displayed less developed ornamentation when compared to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFEFFE2FA37F8396E1DF817" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="117" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FA37F8396A89F82A" box="[1412,1429,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFEFFE2FF24F8556E1DF817" box="[151,257,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="117">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFDFFE1FF74FF1B6BCEFE12" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,501]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
There is no doubt that this specimen belongs in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFDFFE1FCE3FF146CFAFF56" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[848,998,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FCE3FF146CFAFF56" box="[848,998,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">Alaskagorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; its collection location, the long, thick, clavate terminal branches, thicker coenenchyme, darkly-colored horny axis with hollow chambered central core, and general colony shape place it squarely in this fairly new genus, as do the pronounced polyps and their apertures, with their raised rims bearing eight notches. The sclerite forms found in this specimen also closely match many of those found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFDFFE1FE1FFEA46D2BFEA6" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[428,567,296,320]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FE1FFEA46EA1FED9" box="[428,445,296,319]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FE7EFEA46D2BFEA6" box="[461,567,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the only other species in the genus. However, the extensive branching, the stout, yet broadly, lateral-branched colony shape, the unusual “curling back” of the branches on themselves, the vibrant lemon-yellow color of colony, and the pale yellow color of the sclerites, set it apart from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFDFFE1FB58FEFC6A68FE6E" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[1259,1396,368,392]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FB58FEFC6BE0FE61" box="[1259,1276,368,391]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FAB8FEFC6A68FE6E" box="[1291,1396,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as does the greater length of the anthocodial sclerites, and the lack of the small double heads. However, this latter form of sclerite only appeared in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFFDFFE1FD8CFE3B6DBDFE36" box="[575,673,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFDFFE1FD7AFE346C48FE36" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[713,852,440,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FD7AFE346C48FE36" box="[713,852,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">A. aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, not in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFFDFFE1FC6BFE346B5BFE36" box="[984,1095,440,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. It remains to be seen if other specimens of this new species might display a similar pattern of occurrence (or non-occurrence).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FAB3E4FCFFFDFFE1FF24F8146D72F808" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610379/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="118" startId="6.[151,250,1944,1966]" targetBox="[150,1436,548,1933]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFDFFE1FF24F8146D72F808" blockId="6.[151,1436,1944,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFDFFE1FF24F8146E0FF848" bold="true" box="[151,275,1944,1966]" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM images of major sclerites. A, long, pointed tuberculate spindles of tentacles. B, Sclerites of axial sheath. C, Oval capstans of the middle tissue layer (containing gastric cavities); C
|
||
<subScript id="3248B631FFFDFFE1FCD8F8486C6EF836" attach="left" box="[875,882,1988,2000]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">1</subScript>
|
||
and C
|
||
<subScript id="3248B631FFFDFFE1FC02F8486CA4F836" attach="left" box="[945,952,1988,2000]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="118">2</subScript>
|
||
longer than average. D, Small, oval capstans of the surface layer. Scale bar for A-D = 100 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFCFFE0FF74FF146D9BFE36" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FF74FF146ECDFF56" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[199,465,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FF74FF146ECDFF56" box="[199,465,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Alaskagorgia aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is much more robust and far less arborescent than the new species described here.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFFCFFE0FF24FF306EA9FF32" author="Sanchez, J. A. & Cairns, S. D." box="[151,437,188,213]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" pagination="265 - 274" refId="ref4182" refString="Sanchez, J. A. & Cairns, S. D. (2004) An unusual new gorgonian coral (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 78 (1 - 12), 265 - 274." type="journal article" year="2004">Sánchez & Cairns (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported a maximum colony height of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FCC3FF306CA5FF32" box="[880,953,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="60.0">60 cm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum branch diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FAAFFF306A84FF32" box="[1308,1432,188,213]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 mm</quantity>
|
||
, clavate branch tips with maximum diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FD17FF6C6DE8FF11" box="[676,756,224,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="17.0">17 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and a maximum of 5 total branches. Measurements made by us of our museum specimens indicate a maximum colony height of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FC2AFE886CFEFEFA" box="[921,994,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="71.0">71 cm</quantity>
|
||
, maximum branch diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FAF6FE886A84FEFA" box="[1349,1432,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
|
||
, clavate branch tips with maximum diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FD1AFEA46C13FED9" box="[681,783,296,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.07" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="20.7">20.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and a maximum of 7 total branches. Colonies do not start branching, if at all, until they attain a height of
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FD0CFEC06C16FE82" box="[703,778,332,356]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="13.0">13 cm</quantity>
|
||
. By contrast the new species has a colony height of only about
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FF6FFEFC6E3EFE61" box="[220,290,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
with a width of about
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FD91FEE36D71FE61" box="[546,621,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="25.0">25 cm</quantity>
|
||
., while the maximum branch width (nearer the base) is about
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FA91FEFC6A7FFE61" box="[1314,1379,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
|
||
with clavate branch tips slightly larger (~
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FD81FE186D62FE4A" box="[562,638,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
). The colony starts branching only
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FBA1FE186B7EFE4A" box="[1042,1122,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
|
||
from the base and is richly branched (approximately 40 branches total).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E6D6E7FFFFFCFFE0FF74FE506DD4FC2E" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFCFFE0FF74FE506E72FD86" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FF74FE506E27FE13" bold="true" box="[199,315,476,501]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The condition of the sclerites in this specimen, overall, revealed a large degree of erosion. We speculate that the eroded nature of the sclerites was an indication of the colony’s relatively older age. This speculation is supported by previous work on plexaurid octocorals in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6C087A96FFFCFFE0FC0FFDA86B15FDDB" box="[956,1033,548,573]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Alaska</collectingRegion>
|
||
waters indicting very slow growth (Stone
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FF55FDC56E04FD86" box="[230,280,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2017).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFCFFE0FF74FDE06C7BFCF3" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
Preliminary genetic analyses have been undertaken (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFFCFFE0FCBCFDE06CBDFD62" author="Thoma, J. N." box="[783,929,620,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" refId="ref4509" refString="Thoma, J. N. (2013) Molecular and morphological diversity of sea fans with emphasis on deep-sea octocorals of the Order Alcyonacea Lamouroux, 1812. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, xii + 171 pp." type="book" year="2013">Thoma 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and additional work is ongoing to determine the similarities at the molecular level between this species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FC83FD1C6CA6FD4E" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[816,954,656,680]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aleutiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FC83FD1C6C5DFD41" box="[816,833,656,679]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FCE3FD1C6CA6FD4E" box="[848,954,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">aleutiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and an apparent third undescribed species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FF0BFD386E52FD2A" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[184,334,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FF0BFD386E52FD2A" box="[184,334,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Alaskagorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from deep-water (
|
||
<quantity id="69341991FFFCFFE0FD9BFD386D69FD2A" box="[552,629,692,716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.24" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" unit="m" value="824.0">824 m</quantity>
|
||
) in the central Aleutian Islands (see
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FB95FD386BA0FD2A" authorityName="Sanchez and Cairns" authorityYear="2004" box="[1062,1212,692,716]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FB95FD386BA0FD2A" box="[1062,1212,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Alaskagorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in
|
||
<figureCitation id="36F7A8F1FFFCFFE0FAA2FD386A49FD2A" box="[1297,1365,692,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1405,1427]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,195,1381]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1435,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of the Aleutian Island Archipelago showing the distribution of Alaskagorgia specimens (expertly identified) collected in the region. Blue triangles indicate the location of Alaskagorgia aleutiana, the red circle indicates the location of A. splendicitrina n. sp., and the purple square indicates Alaskagorgia sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2610373/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
). The status of the genus in regards to higher level taxa, such as family are also being investigated with molecular genetics (M. Everett, NOAA, NMFS, personal communication).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE73B474FFFCFFE0FF74FC936DD4FC2E" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FF74FC936E55FCDE" bold="true" box="[199,329,799,824]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Associates.</emphasis>
|
||
Brittle stars, Class Ophiuroidea (identified by Gordon Hendler of Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History), are common associates of gorgonian corals in the Aleutian Islands (R. Stone, personal observations). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="71770AD6FFFCFFE0FEDCFCEB6ECDFC66" box="[367,465,871,896]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FE4BFCE46C2DFC66" authorityName="Horvath & Stone" authorityYear="2018" box="[504,817,872,896]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Alaskagorgia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="splendicitrina">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FE4BFCE46C2DFC66" box="[504,817,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Alaskagorgia splendicitrina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was no exception, hosting 23 brittle stars including 20
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FF24FC006DD9FC42" authority="H. L. Clark, 1911" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,709,908,933]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" genus="Ophiosemnotes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pachybactra">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FF24FC006EC2FC42" box="[151,478,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Ophiosemnotes pachybactra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFFCFFE0FE5FFC016DD9FC42" author="Clark, H. L." box="[492,709,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" pagination="1 - 302" refId="ref3941" refString="Clark, H. L. (1911) North Pacific ophiurans in the collection of the United States National Museum. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin, 75, 1 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.75.1" type="journal article" year="1911">H. L. Clark, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 3
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FCADFC006BD0FC43" authority="Downey, 1967" authorityName="Downey" authorityYear="1967" box="[798,1228,908,933]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astronebris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tatafilius">
|
||
<emphasis id="9CB86866FFFCFFE0FCADFC006B0EFC42" box="[798,1042,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="119">Astronebris tatafilius</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CA5DC985FFFCFFE0FB93FC016BD0FC43" author="Downey, M. E." box="[1056,1228,908,933]" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" pagination="41 - 46" refId="ref3989" refString="Downey, M. E. (1967) Astronebris tatafilius (Euryale: Asteronychidae), a new genus and species of ophiuroid from the Aleutians, with a revised key to the family Asteronychidae. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 80, 41 - 46. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908697159" type="journal article" year="1967">Downey, 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, belonging to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FF24FC236E5BFC2E" box="[151,327,943,968]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiacanthidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiacanthidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69CCCFF7FFFCFFE0FECEFC236D2CFC2E" box="[381,560,943,968]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Euryalida" pageId="7" pageNumber="119" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Asteronychidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |