306 lines
41 KiB
XML
306 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="D76A8EF49C46745B4177152260F82BFA">Taxonomic revision of Australian Copelatus Erichson, 1832 (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Copelatinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7F5D1C3C011A7ED60586724BF07F782B">Hendrich, Lars</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6AAC8B3D935CB2EC3A32F8A4ABEFC814">Shaverdo, Helena</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8E16BCCEC0C1A9E06E08C48BC8946D85">Hajek, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="826620173AAB05B451A0604E70008A37">Balke, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0D70AD3DCC1F1DFEE31341BABFF286BF">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B2CCCA3E2F93EA3F811F082FFB3F982F">889</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0E4152703C6053053D6CABFFB28C3D45">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.889.39090</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="78BC0D835B9F74E053FA6EB4F6AE80E4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.889.39090</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="70D526A45F0D55BD877C2D73640C5101" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160511457" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:70D526A45F0D55BD877C2D73640C5101" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/70D526A45F0D55BD877C2D73640C5101" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" scope_family="Dytiscidae" scope_order="Coleoptera" scope_subFamily="Copelatinae">
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<subSubSection id="F429DF9775A46C29D6CECADE7094B94B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B104AF2DCEFBA1DA66D19F4E20A1C989" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="1F514872B9F07377C381E88343A15186" ID-CoL="Y3GY" LSID="70D526A4-5F0D-55BD-877C-2D73640C5101" authority="Regimbart, 1880" authorityName="Regimbart" authorityYear="1880" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus tenebrosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
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Copelatus tenebrosus
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<normalizedToken id="15A0E24087B17738F33BEAD9C09B2F82" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
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, 1880
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="DB2E960535047C10B7D771F51E224566" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus and colouration of Copelatus tenebrosus, male. Total length 4.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356479" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10">Figures 10</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="14672B991F311C04883466DBA259582C" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Copelatus tenebrosus A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356488" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure19">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0A0B837AA5A68DD5B908C9F86EB18AB9" captionStart="Figures 27, 28" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figures 27, 28. Distribution of 27 Copelatus tenebrosus 28 C. martinbaehri sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figures27-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356495" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figures27-28">27</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="5C9CCE3AF1E686323E0A18E007382BEF" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 33. Habitat of Copelatus tenebrosus and C. portior A Queensland, swamp forest at Cape Tribulation Road B shallow and ephemeral swampy puddles with rotten leaves, roots and twigs, Queensland, Cape Tribulation Road. Photographs by L. Hendrich." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356500" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure33">33</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="1DAF3E6D150495980C04F8E376F185BE" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 36. Habitat of Copelatus tenebrosus A Northern Territory, Georgetown Billabong, 750 m east of Jabiru East, 30 m, beetles were in very shallow water among the sedges B Queensland, 10 km south of Mizani, Lake Kinchant, beetles were in shallow water among mats of floating grasses, 48 m. Photographs by L. Hendrich." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356503" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure36">36</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A3ADAF22A7179E97F1C0B31624FFB161" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D319709E4E8FEE8FBC96F6A98300AEE9" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="D93F4D9BC6FFF3B1625DA13EAA9AAD6C" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus tenebrosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">Copelatus tenebrosus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation id="AD74DD99EC93FD2C7DDCDCDB0AFFB30F" author="Regimbart, M" journalOrPublisher="Notes from the Leyden Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="209 - 216" refId="B31" refString="Regimbart, M, 1880. The new Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae collected during the recent scientific Sumatra-expedition. Notes from the Leyden Museum 2: 209 - 216" title="The new Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae collected during the recent scientific Sumatra-expedition." volume="2" year="1880">
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<normalizedToken id="145B06A92323D94D42361343C44B069A" originalValue="Régimbart">Regimbart</normalizedToken>
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||
1880
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 210 (original description);
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<bibRefCitation id="DD89DAB76DFA3858C2CB700B01AB6149" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS057" author="Watts, CHS" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology Supplement Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 166" refId="B36" refString="Watts, CHS, 1978. A revision of the Australian Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplement Series 57: 1 - 166" title="A revision of the Australian Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS057" volume="57" year="1978">Watts 1978</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 124;
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<bibRefCitation id="F525D40052D57240EE29F03A56ABEA5A" author="Watts, CHS" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="22 - 28" refId="B37" refString="Watts, CHS, 1985. A faunal assessment of Australian Hydradephaga. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 137: 22 - 28" title="A faunal assessment of Australian Hydradephaga." volume="137" year="1985">Watts 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 26;
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<bibRefCitation id="DA235FB7E234FAD9C3145427242B630D" author="Larson, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="47 - 63" refId="B20" refString="Larson, DJ, 1993. Ecology of tropical Australian Hydradephaga (Insecta: Coleoptera). Part 1. Natural history and distribution of northern Queensland species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 103: 47 - 63" title="Ecology of tropical Australian Hydradephaga (Insecta: Coleoptera). Part 1. Natural history and distribution of northern Queensland species." volume="103" year="1993">Larson 1993</bibRefCitation>
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: 53;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="E0FDFE7853F03131BEE55CE44D8A94C6" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="29 - 56" refId="B16" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, 1995. Die Schwimmkaefer der Sunda-Insel Bali: Faunistik, Taxonomie, Oekologie, Besiedlungsgeschichte und Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden 20: 29 - 56" title="Die Schwimmkaefer der Sunda-Insel Bali: Faunistik, Taxonomie, Oekologie, Besiedlungsgeschichte und Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." volume="20" year="1995">Hendrich and Balke 1995</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 44;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="71FE34B89F1D38C1C2C3CD1E0319B39D" author="Watts, CHS" journalOrPublisher="Identification Ecology Guide" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 110" refId="B38" refString="Watts, CHS, 2002. Checklist and guides to the identification, to genus, of adults and larval Australian water beetles of the families Dytiscidae, Noteridae, Hygrobiidae, Haliplidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae and the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Insecta-Coleoptera). Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology (Australia). Identification Ecology Guide 43: 1 - 110" title="Checklist and guides to the identification, to genus, of adults and larval Australian water beetles of the families Dytiscidae, Noteridae, Hygrobiidae, Haliplidae, Gyrinidae, Hydraenidae and the superfamily Hydrophiloidea (Insecta-Coleoptera). Cooperative Research Centre for Freshwater Ecology (Australia)." volume="43" year="2002">Watts 2002</bibRefCitation>
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: 33, 42;
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<bibRefCitation id="7C709BD8CC4D635860AC327D12655BBD" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="97 - 141" refId="B17" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, Yang, CM, 2004. Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52: 97 - 141" title="Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation." volume="52" year="2004">Hendrich et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 118. 1
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="A14F2339A60CF09F8BA5652BF0615B73" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="ED43AADBDA143753FCDAA6A6E73436CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6FD9FA699E11E7A039E8766A95A360BB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">"[Indonesia, Sumatra] Solok, District of Rawas, Soeroelangoen".</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FC50D8D0B30FD951CAA2C828FA2DDD28" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="E664B1A932D4C3B2D6FE4473986D5E57" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9BF2C72AEACA50511807A240E35EF780" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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Not studied. The type specimens should be deposited in the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands (former Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), but they were not found during a visit of JH. The designation of the lectotype by
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<bibRefCitation id="925D685E28393518C0F2F48AFB752DA3" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS057" author="Watts, CHS" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Zoology Supplement Series" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 166" refId="B36" refString="Watts, CHS, 1978. A revision of the Australian Dytiscidae (Coleoptera). Australian Journal of Zoology Supplement Series 57: 1 - 166" title="A revision of the Australian Dytiscidae (Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS057" volume="57" year="1978">Watts (1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 124) based on specimens from "Siam, Bangkok" and deposited in NHMUK is invalid and concerns almost surely the type material of
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<taxonomicName id="68914017DBC4F47BBF11316185D9B7DE" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus pusillus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">
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<emphasis id="1D1204D6C1F5654DC7C0FCF7FBD086E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus pusillus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Sharp, 1882 (a junior subjective synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="1E4F20E204499534A556C6F020C7D828" lsidName="C. tenebrosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
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<emphasis id="AD043849D8556FF42DF479FC68B58943" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. tenebrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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);
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<taxonomicName id="B4210851B19B710C9BABAFF1A8A88320" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus tenebrosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
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<emphasis id="50F71D52734F8D6903FCD498724A9542" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus tenebrosus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described based on specimens from Sumatra.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9DC4983C38220E2B71132273C77751FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="945CA62B4D4A1057E63400454DE9AD3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Additional material studied (83 specimens).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B6E752F6644940EF379B84CE371FFA54" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="55A1EA3FD132BF09C903725C2E634F59" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Northern Territory:</emphasis>
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2 exs., "AUSTRALIA NT Kakadu NP Alligator R. Gungaree Rainforest Dec. 22/93 S&J Peck" (ZSM); 2 exs., "Australia N.T. Howard Springs, 35 m, 17-18.5.2014 ca. 25 km SE Darwin ca. 12°29.82.7"S, 131°01.95.1"E M. Langer leg. (LF) Coll. Hendrich" (ZSM); 1 ex., "Australia NT Burdulba Billabong, 15 km SSW Jabiru, 12 m, 12.46.26S 132.44.86E, 2.-3.XI.2007, at light, M. Baehr leg." (ZSM); 1 ex., "Australia: NT, Georgetown Billabong, 750 m E Jabiru East, 30 m, 29.VIII.2006, 12.40.716S 132.55.861E, L. & E. Hendrich leg. (NT 20)", "DNA Balke 2411" [green printed label] (ZSM); 1 ex., "NT, Tindal near Katherine [
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||
<geoCoordinate id="981621AE688CEB108D0E35F3B408E548" degrees="14.51667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-14.51667">-14.51667</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E2459FD0F9181D7904BF218BAD31F588" degrees="132.3667" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="132.3667">132.3667</geoCoordinate>
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], 1.12.1967, Vestjens, W.J.M." (ANIC); 1 ex., "NT, Darwin,
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<geoCoordinate id="265E5D1721ED542606E580EFA8AD3B35" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-12.8566675">12°51'24"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D36CD9D82E2918FD72243BF41A749B8E" degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="48" value="131.78">131°46'48"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 52 m, at light, 9.V.2006, leg. Berger & Dostal (2/06)" (CGW); 1 ex., "NT, Kakadu NP, Muirella, 40 m, at light, 10.V.2006, leg. Berger & Dostal (3/06)" (CGW); 1 ex., "NT, Litchfield NP, Florence Falls,
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<geoCoordinate id="22B5DDB66C5A2237C295405BE1A743FA" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-12.854167">12°51'15"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="13B2076F8993B97286CD0C566B8BAEB1" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="132.75444">132°45'16"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 63 m, at light, 12.V.2006, leg. Berger & Dostal (5/06)" (CGW); 1 ex., "Australia, Northern Territory, Muirella Park Kakadu, 18. May 1985, at light, Fay, Halfpapp" (QDPIB); 22 exs., "Australia: NT, Litchfield NP, TJAYNERA FALLS,
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<geoCoordinate id="266382B62831A9EC02757A23147ECD8D" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.25">13°15'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="C7759138F03C6ABB7D383C2AED7DB3B5" degrees="130" direction="east" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="130.73334">130°44'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 63 m, S.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B217F67A77E97746CE0679C13A0F2770" originalValue="Jákl">Jakl</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="875F36A755BDE76A32D798F1DBAE08B3" originalValue="–27.XI.2008”">-27.XI.2008"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(NMPC); 3 exs., "Australia: NT, Nitmiluk NP, Edit Falls,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2C399DB2B6CA2F2BE217FA4EB1651590" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.166667">14°10'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="303634AB18F0735E5B114B9E3DA52DD0" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="06" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.1">132°06'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 37 m, S.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13ABDC4ACB238C9BFA53C24299C3E623" originalValue="Jákl">Jakl</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., 3.XII.2008" (NMPC); 1 ex., "AUSTR. NT, Kakadu NP, Jim Jim Billabong,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7C4A57A1270F76A16F3534EFE651E5A0" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.933333">12°56'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7DA9A0CEC59C18230B8BAA0449CF1539" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.55">132°33'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 5 m, 5.-8.12.[20]08, Sv.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="90C06640BBDFCE37A429FCE8E0060D8A" originalValue="Bílý">Bily</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg." (NMPC); 2 exs., "AUSTRALIA NT, Kakadu NP, Ubirr,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="793496E638A7B5EFC96BCC57DC7F516F" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="25" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-12.416667">12°25'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="55EF614BE7BD015CB72E47A8412601FA" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.95">132°57'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 190 m, 9.-10.12.2008, Sv.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6E25EEA978A77089FB8D3A6E482410E3" originalValue="Bílý">Bily</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg." (NMPC); 2 exs., "AUSTR. NT, Douglas Hot Springs, 12.12.[20]08,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8F8FC6B7C7EF3755E25439D5A6FD6B8C" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.75">13°45'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2074015A0216CE29E48388B9D29DEFF6" degrees="131" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="131.43333">131°26'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 35 m, Sv.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="608EFEAAC0100BB7AFCD1F7AF9331F9E" originalValue="Bílý">Bily</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg." (NMPC); 1 ex., "AUSTR. NT, Litchfield NP, 40 km E of Daly, 14.12.[20]08, Sv.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ABA963FB8F653F80BEA5DFCDE68CF365" originalValue="Bílý">Bily</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg." (NMPC); 3 exs., "AUSTRALIA: NT, 70 km SW of MATARANKA,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18797CD15BA875CBBF0866042B3D05E9" degrees="15" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-15.316667">15°19'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0472038AA0A53AAB62AA064921E75124" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="50" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.83333">132°50'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 190 m, S.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9B1A55825F7B6A7FC6D27A8D247B519B" originalValue="Jákl">Jakl</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., 22.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="22DB914900EF8EC10081F69AE4D908F2" originalValue="–23.XII.2008”">-23.XII.2008"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(NMPC); 1 ex., "AUSTRALIA: NT, 25 km S of KATHERINE, nr Cutta Cutta caves,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="404D3A81CD7AB6925C073DBB8CAAD30A" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-14.516666">14°31'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="CC188B4EFFE47E2F3ECDCA5B1BE662FD" degrees="132" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="132.41667">132°25'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 168 m, S.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F3D3A7AE95F03D467607C1A619E4DF32" originalValue="Jákl">Jakl</normalizedToken>
|
||
leg., 23.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E3CA867D8AA828CBB1562E49D19DADDE" originalValue="–31.XII.2008”">-31.XII.2008"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(NMPC).
|
||
<emphasis id="46A8A92899392626B5657DD83DC06F6F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Queensland</emphasis>
|
||
: 8 exs., "Australia: N QLD, Cape Tribulation Road S of ferry station, forest swamp, 12 m, 15.IX.2006, 16.17.469S, 145.19.122E, L. & E. Hendrich leg. (QLD 35)", two specimens with "DNA Balke 1875", "DNA Balke 1876" [green printed label] (CLH, ZSM); 1 ex., "Australia: C QLD, 10 km S Mizani, Lake Kinchant, seapage, 48 m, 24.IX.2006, 21.11.580S, 148.53.522E, L. & E. Hendrich leg. (QLD 46)", "DNA Balke 1756" [green printed label] (ZSM); 1 ex., "QLD Ingham [-18.65, 146.1666667], 23.2.1960, Harley, K.L." (ANIC); 1 ex., "QLD Ingham [-18.65, 146.1666667], 27.1.1968, Brooks, J.G." (ANIC); 1 ex., "QLD, 2 miles W of Mission Beach [-17.86667, 146.1], 18.4.1969, Common, I.F.B. & Upton, M.S." (ANIC); 1 ex., "Australia Queensland 65 km East of Hughenden [
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7982046935F7E07E262FC996B852CCF3" degrees="20.8287" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-20.8287">-20.8287</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BA06C99FB0937E5DF5245E26F906DFB5" degrees="144.7969" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="144.7969">144.7969</geoCoordinate>
|
||
], 3 Feb 1981, M.S. Moulds" (AMS); 11 exs., "QL, 10 km S Tully, S Innisfail, 30 m, 25.I.1993, leg. G. Wewalka" (CGW); 2 exs., "Australia, Queensland, The Boulders Babinda, 5. February 1975, at light in rainforest B.K. Cantrell" (QDPIB); 1 ex., "Australia, Queensland, Saibai Island, 09.23S 142.40E, 6. February 1986, at light, Houston, Hamacek" (QDPIB); 1 ex., "Australia, Queensland, Wallaman Falls Area W Ingham, 7. February 1975, at light in rainforest, B.K. Cantrell" (QDPIB); 6 exs., "Australia, Queensland, 15 km WNW of South Johnstone April-May 1988, light trap, Fay, Halfpapp" (QDPIB); 1 ex., "Australia, Queensland (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8B7CD94306AEB70CADEDC5A54D0B86BC" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="-22.486944">22°29'13"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B92DDC28A302F3F4D100F0CFD0E34723" degrees="144" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="144.43167">144°25'54"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) [Barcadine] Taylor, Frank H. (Collector)" (AMS); 2 exs., "Australia Qld 15 km N Cairns Jan 11, 1991 D.J. Larson" (ZSM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EBA330613DAAE879C01084E5DAC96972" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EEA711C54AED12C3A54C4EF6F2899C3D" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Description of male.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EB78E98096B7DCE1633AC69899CDAC99" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA1C527CB60569FBF7F04EB96C9491F3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Body shape:</emphasis>
|
||
In dorsal view, elongate oval, broadest in basal third of elytra, moderately convex. Body outline with little discontinuity between pronotum and elytra. Head relatively broad; anterior margin of clypeus truncate. Pronotum broadest just before posterior angles, lateral margins moderately curved. Base of elytra slightly broader than pronotal base; lateral margins of elytra moderately curved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="C0EAAE0B1DEED0EE3897A8ACCE97E848" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus and colouration of Copelatus tenebrosus, male. Total length 4.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356479" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="184BC37B32CA6E67981E06BCAE026ECC" doi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356479" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph id="E32AD076F062818C3BE3D90E2883C9CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBE92FFBE4E91931404CFB4BD2903721" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus and colouration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A666AD08398A75A7326E8AD0A3FFD939" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Copelatus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Copelatus tenebrosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="779FE635DF97C09AFD92B9448DF39889" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Copelatus tenebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male. Total length 4.4 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7BCD6C28063D97B7B0A352D88F6C1FCE" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="F0398E2830A6F5E1656081CF87E25070" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2767652B66986E9549A4B34D4B15DE7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body dark red-brown to black, clypeus anteriorly, anterior angles of pronotum, sides of elytron towards apex, parts of ventral side and appendages yellowish to dark ferruginous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="CF0ED1429F4EF9ECA40C26EACD70A8DD" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus and colouration of Copelatus tenebrosus, male. Total length 4.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356479" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FFB0A5F848CAC2BBE1063F052858A148" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="E0D301EBF6CF23D82C3C2C871D70EC42" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Dorsal surface sculpture:</emphasis>
|
||
Whole surface shiny (
|
||
<figureCitation id="8EA43D9C7CB5CF4774D2E5411B6FDA19" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitus and colouration of Copelatus tenebrosus, male. Total length 4.4 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356479" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure10">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head uniformly microreticulated, reticulation composed of moderately deeply impressed meshes. Punctation composed of coarse setigerous punctures, and very small punctures spread sparsely on surface; rows of coarse punctures present around inner margin of eyes and in small depression anterolaterally of eyes. Pronotum with lateral beading very thin and indistinct. Microreticulation and punctation similar to that of head; row of coarse setigerous punctures present along anterior margin, basal margin (except basomedially), and laterally close to sides. Posterior angles of pronotum with quite dense shallow short striae. Elytra with microreticulation similar to that of head and pronotum, but less impressed. On each elytron six well impressed discal and one submarginal longitudinal striae, progressively closer towards sides; stria 1 (sutural stria) shortened at basal third, striae 2-4 almost complete, striae 5 and 6 a little shorter basally. Submarginal stria expanding from behind midlength of elytron to end of stria 5. Serial punctures on elytra, in striae 2-4 and 6, rather weak.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="69FD5905FEE1C9EFCAE9490C4E1819F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="7148AB1D1E516645C565D73EA147A984" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Antennae and legs:</emphasis>
|
||
Antenna with antennomeres long and slender. Protibia strongly modified, distinctly broadened anteriorly (2/3rd) and strongly narrowed basally (1/3rd). Pro- and mesotarsomeres 1-3 moderately broadened, with adhesive discs on their ventral side; claws simple.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1ECE19D92FB313BC95B636151D48CF47" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="3006E86A396D7CDFF92E8726AD4E93F9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Ventral part:</emphasis>
|
||
Strongly microreticulated, with intermixed, sparsely distributed, very small punctures. Prosternal process narrow, distinctly bordered laterally, bluntly pointed at tip. Lateral parts of metaventrite ("metasternal wings") tongue-shaped, slender. Metacoxal lines very close posteriorly, moderately diverging anteriorly. Metacoxae and abdominal ventrites 1-3 with several longitudinal striae of different lengths.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="352D5E16860558179A91C2E7D5B9F864" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="25A8ABEE2C074868BF508DB34F94474F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Male genitalia:</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe apically more or less evenly narrow in ventral view, and very strongly curved downwards in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="07A54EFE6C2B13BD8BB4DF6656E74EF4" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Copelatus tenebrosus A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356488" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure19">Fig. 19A, B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Shape of paramere broad triangular, with weak, short setae along dorsal margin of subdistal part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="03F9B510572618B33B3623D1C68119D1" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Copelatus tenebrosus A median lobe in lateral view, right side B median lobe in lateral view, left side C median lobe in ventral view D left paramere in external view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356488" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure19">Fig. 19D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A55FF563A1F1116EE177DDED07B0E84B" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="female">
|
||
<paragraph id="E3C3C84180E3AEDBA2AE103E84AF88AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Female.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD030BE5C3D0C78B75439A74963D9F85" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Similar to male in habitus. Protibia simple, not angled basally and only slightly broadened distally; pro- and mesotarsomeres not broadened, without adhesive setae.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="68B8241DC02598CBDD629DBD703B9A08" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="62B5D5E0A91D7A5DDFE1AF9BDC2F7F18" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Measurements.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="25CCFD9A5DEE008014D64161D679A249" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">TL = 4.2-4.5 mm; TL-H = 3.8-4.1 mm; MW = 1.9-2.0 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="55379178B59142D80EF0925293649F59" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="variability">
|
||
<paragraph id="3977924ADFA4FD53F6731EA02AC33C01" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Variability.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB9C86D81256FB7C7100CABF8D00FD0F" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">All Australian specimens studied are rather uniform and vary only in body length.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A840FECB255321E23180BFD410DB1338" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="differential diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="59B06375EA0F7481D5E30B21DD4AC304" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17100E1D0A01AC520A8397C8AF2792B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The species is similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE2CBEBFE733928ACD86425C547CB881" lsidName="C. marginatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="marginatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C7434AAF3A1497345600744FE985846" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. marginatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but can be easily separated by the smaller size (smallest species of the genus in Australia), fully developed inner striae of elytra, and the shape of the median lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="6E532CB6A54741F6880902B3B62A58DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7D4A3F30BDE395BE753CB1996CF3C491" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC2D57CCDC491045DC6750B86F7E65F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
This is the most widespread species in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. It occurs from Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka over Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1E2DB174A49A4EAF209A7828A10A0853" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="29 - 56" refId="B16" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, 1995. Die Schwimmkaefer der Sunda-Insel Bali: Faunistik, Taxonomie, Oekologie, Besiedlungsgeschichte und Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden 20: 29 - 56" title="Die Schwimmkaefer der Sunda-Insel Bali: Faunistik, Taxonomie, Oekologie, Besiedlungsgeschichte und Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." volume="20" year="1995">Hendrich and Balke 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Malaysia, and New Guinea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3E40207AAFED756C37E53AF056D7D34D" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="97 - 141" refId="B17" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, Yang, CM, 2004. Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52: 97 - 141" title="Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation." volume="52" year="2004">Hendrich et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to coastal northern and eastern Australia, south to Townsville (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FD0061692CC6050909AE89A104F521DD" captionStart="Figures 27, 28" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figures 27, 28. Distribution of 27 Copelatus tenebrosus 28 C. martinbaehri sp. nov." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figures27-28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356495" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figures27-28">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3E55192911107ADC84607F38AB9AADF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF1ED91EC460346466B4C97A81198193" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D7DFDAC2BA3CD9DDA1D0DF49FDECFA7" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">
|
||
The wide distribution of this species owes to the ability of adaptation to manmade habitats like rice or paddy fields and shallow irrigation ditches (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D568D1B10CF7EE187D5146AE6B1FEBEE" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="97 - 141" refId="B17" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, Yang, CM, 2004. Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52: 97 - 141" title="Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation." volume="52" year="2004">Hendrich et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In Australia,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8CAB16D4CBF0D130938813BD507115D" lsidName="C. tenebrosus" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" rank="species" species="tenebrosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="158CB52A54D38A19AF37918B387199E2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="81">C. tenebrosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits open, treeless and seasonally flooded meadows, billabongs, ponds, paddy fields (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FE904DF563336CC1F79F59354941464E" author="Larson, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="47 - 63" refId="B20" refString="Larson, DJ, 1993. Ecology of tropical Australian Hydradephaga (Insecta: Coleoptera). Part 1. Natural history and distribution of northern Queensland species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland 103: 47 - 63" title="Ecology of tropical Australian Hydradephaga (Insecta: Coleoptera). Part 1. Natural history and distribution of northern Queensland species." volume="103" year="1993">Larson 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), puddles, swamps and roadside ditches with dense vegetation, often with mats of floating grasses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="BFC2918E0562CDF37043EB984E4515A7" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="F31" captionText="Figure 33. Habitat of Copelatus tenebrosus and C. portior A Queensland, swamp forest at Cape Tribulation Road B shallow and ephemeral swampy puddles with rotten leaves, roots and twigs, Queensland, Cape Tribulation Road. Photographs by L. Hendrich." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure33" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356500" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure33">Figs 33A, B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="74847BDEF500052846D69DF530C8D741" captionStart="Figure 36" captionStartId="F34" captionText="Figure 36. Habitat of Copelatus tenebrosus A Northern Territory, Georgetown Billabong, 750 m east of Jabiru East, 30 m, beetles were in very shallow water among the sedges B Queensland, 10 km south of Mizani, Lake Kinchant, beetles were in shallow water among mats of floating grasses, 48 m. Photographs by L. Hendrich." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure36" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/356503" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.889.39090.figure36">36A, B</figureCitation>
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). The species is not that common in Australia as it is in many other countries of Southeast Asia (
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<bibRefCitation id="D6146EE7DA779FB29D4A74E0D2CA981C" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="29 - 56" refId="B16" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, 1995. Die Schwimmkaefer der Sunda-Insel Bali: Faunistik, Taxonomie, Oekologie, Besiedlungsgeschichte und Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae). Faunistische Abhandlungen, Staatliches Museum fuer Tierkunde Dresden 20: 29 - 56" title="Die Schwimmkaefer der Sunda-Insel Bali: Faunistik, Taxonomie, Oekologie, Besiedlungsgeschichte und Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten (Insecta: Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)." volume="20" year="1995">Hendrich and Balke 1995</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="AA5B720DAB4CB282C9DFF8FF65465A91" author="Hendrich, L" journalOrPublisher="The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="81" pagination="97 - 141" refId="B17" refString="Hendrich, L, Balke, M, Yang, CM, 2004. Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation. The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 52: 97 - 141" title="Aquatic Coleoptera of Singapore - Species richness, ecology and conservation." volume="52" year="2004">Hendrich et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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), and its population density in one spot is always very low.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |