538 lines
58 KiB
XML
538 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="7379548FB7D485B1CBA88BDC5C46E5EC" ID-CLB-Dataset="28894" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546" ID-GBIF-Dataset="629f2177-aa3f-47da-a3bd-076e5c35d5ec" ID-PMC="PMC6209763" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-791-1" ID-PubMed="30386152" ID-ZooBank="BB9D61A3752B4570A1AA8A790579177C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-791-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 791" ModsDocTitle="Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)" checkinTime="1540260168337" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Becking, Leontine E." docDate="2018" docId="3E24772DBB2A451288C5CBC68AA1890D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 791: 1-46" docOrigin="ZooKeys 791" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546" docTitle="Paratetilla bacca Selenka 1867" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="7" masterDocId="1828B64DFFE8FFD7FFCDFFBCFFA1FFA2" masterDocTitle="Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)" masterLastPageNumber="46" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1701380729858" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods id="CFCF1538F8C16E74F5BD7D55EBDB733A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="F17FD14A7914EDD47E05C9E20F94A100">
|
||
<mods:title id="AA2728116D03709BBBFF5676047C0DAF">Unravelling the moons: review of the genera Paratetilla and Cinachyrella in the Indo-Pacific (Demospongiae, Tetractinellida, Tetillidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="04BFB41A905898A1663310BF70C11DEF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="0F312A45096D29D98C1E1FB8FEABFE20">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="71227890B3B45405DC6468E39C2070D5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DC29B4CA0EB2AE426F7F01B3328D4639">Santodomingo, Nadiezhda</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="ABAB7A861FDD1DE65E4697074BCCB159" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="DED036D12428F32643D967EA4AF7958C">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="B33B677704407F7B6AC52C031A3E3373">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8B8402E21CB64AD0CD7821557129524C">Becking, Leontine E.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="789314D8119FD5D5424C883E20E21F91">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="B1651BAC1367891823C507EA2672841B" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="80D5D8A030D809B785D1D08B9D0A9B4D">
|
||
<mods:title id="B573158B10A0ADC59114D4190CBC4DEC">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="6B885909B2CA33C4EDA51978FC4ACFBB">
|
||
<mods:date id="1DBCA1BEA8F931C63EB401311EEDE3F8">2018</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="4523087D8A61EA0991054E1FF12F5A48" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="7581985346BC54404641E7CB1A412AC6">791</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="CF1AC2C461C933C9777297577169F52B" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="D36895CB0F0804710142731919756C4E">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="267140589BC260B06CCA486ABE476473">46</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="8AB2816A9395455FB0011631A2E4D026">
|
||
<mods:url id="71CE54F79212405051279636D8A6F49B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="D06F9143C21F2865D0AEE64AAA7B83C9">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="80172E62A22A76F25D839DC4013C17C1" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.791.27546</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="5DBDA0F1C274BB92BFC1FEEF489FBFF3" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-791-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="808B0856D8E0ECBF161C7F562648EE65" type="ZooBank">BB9D61A3752B4570A1AA8A790579177C</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="3E24772DBB2A451288C5CBC68AA1890D" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148891999" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3E24772DBB2A451288C5CBC68AA1890D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3E24772DBB2A451288C5CBC68AA1890D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9C9C7ACDA1D9030E0070EEC677FB3AE" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="08DD85AC6A9A58270831AC42B8FEDED8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB9B65B4D2C63D0A9BC770F91021AC54" ID-CoL="763PR" authority="Selenka, 1867" authorityName="Selenka" authorityYear="1867" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="58699DAA96FB4DCC1613A06FD0B41C32" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">Paratetilla</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bacca (Selenka, 1867)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 1, 2
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3EC04AD18CEE8B628DBC91000240B63" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="F8068E93AE312E4B6C9F14900D5053B7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E25CEFA5583E0DC92391E9AEC8DEACDC" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Stelletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelletta bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Stelletta bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
Selenka, 1867: 569, pl. xxxv, figs 14, 15 (type not found, material from type locality seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E0C3D2BC5963D72CFA0D5B4F41B6A849" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C96784D743705255B622D1E2288A8E6E" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethya merguiensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="merguiensis">Tethya merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Carter, 1883: 366, pl. xv, figs 6-8; Carter, 1887: 80 (type seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C2C2F2AFA2ED87F5356491C40E26C560" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="76FA9FF7E401004CE725314834AF543C" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla merguiensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="merguiensis">Tetilla merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Sollas, 1888: 14; Topsent, 1897: 441, pl. xviii, fig. 4-5, pl. xxi figs 34.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17647A646B1CC1700F93DD63FBFB0320" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFF8675A1A0E986C2377372CF381037B" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla ternatensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ternatensis">Tetilla ternatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1896: 527. Thiele, 1900: 39, pl. ii, fig 13; Not
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9289EC87AD722CEC4CB387362AEAF59D" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla ternatensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ternatensis">Tetilla ternatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Lindgren, 1898: 329 pl. 17, fig. 14; pl. 19, Fig. 25 a-e,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F6AE4EAEAC5AD2B06B3E108524A488C9" originalValue="a’">a'</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="81D78FC53FFA7F7F5F053F121CF969D7" originalValue="b’">b'</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="10DA369938CCFF998E94F2DDA11CA632" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3D1F5B405E2C37F1D4057213E463C16" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Tetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lindgren, 1897: 485; Lindgren, 1898: 328; Thiele, 1900: 39, pl. ii, fig 13; Kirkpatrick, 1900: 132 (material seen); Lendenfeld, 1903: 19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1F67204774D53203326C4480CE4F9BD7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57DCDFB776153541F7612F248A399038" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla amboinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amboinensis">Tetilla amboinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1898: 10.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CD8D209B37FDDB604F117D36063CB964" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A98644D06AA49092B021E694810B155F" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla violacea" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">Tetilla violacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1898: 15.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CDAB144AD705D70565CF94BAF5F1FDF7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D32D02ED005D2957D4B465636060E7D1" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla rubra" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubra">Tetilla rubra</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1898: 18.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8890042B0CD5453ED50A19D299C7DF0B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0FEE6EF18983C03943B6FF5A1E76EC03" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla cineriformis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cineriformis">Paratetilla cineriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1905: 97, pl. iii, fig. 7 (type seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3EBB4875EFB5A289E17C7D8C9AA107B9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCE5C7ED5309E9E806680F5C9765DDD8" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla eccentrica" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eccentrica">Paratetilla eccentrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Row, 1911: 306, pl. xxxv, fig. 1, pI. xxxvi, fig. 8 (type seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6999EC0226931EDBFF779E80EB3257F7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A6DEA65A9D6B65769F5D2A5FA639FDE" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Cinachyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cinachyra amboinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amboinensis">Cinachyra amboinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Hentschel, 1912: 331.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5CC64F8C5E3F34DF5C239410A53223D9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ED60438D200797FF58AD840A76FFCA93" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Dendy, 1922: 21 (material seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="274E0CEFFEAC8134A6C0B9A526A9B2CF" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D058048B12288B21F347B73B2A647BA0" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca var. violacea" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="bacca" variety="violacea">Paratetilla bacca var. violacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Dendy, 1922: 22, pl. 1, fig. 6 (material seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12C4E93FC43E67D9CE0E6B5B1BB7081B" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC8C469FA9148E1ACBB752890DEF6033" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla lipotriaena" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lipotriaena">Paratetilla lipotriaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1954: 244, text figure no. 168 (type seen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="ABD5FB9FBEAEE61695B1AAB05510285F" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="0BCFD04E46B26C85BACBC28795C3C6B8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F425FF5394E6FF01463C5796ABE6F45" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Neotype ZMA.POR.13029, Tutuila Island, American Samoa. Holotype of first junior synonym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13D2516D38C3F29AD3E5D15D1355AB63" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethya merguiensis" order="Tethyida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="merguiensis">Tethya merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Carter, 1883 (?) NHMUK 1894.11.16.17, Mergui Archipelago, Myanmar. Holotype NHMUK 1954.2.23.106 Gulf of Manaar, Sri Lanka (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE1D0FA9F2C3C8AC9CDB17C50BEF3DF9" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla cineriformis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cineriformis">Paratetilla cineriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1905). NHMUK unreg. type, Crossland Collection, Red Sea (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="450883C4D2EB8D9E37948D178A41C141" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla eccentrica" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eccentrica">Paratetilla eccentrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Row, 1911). NHMUK 1898.12.20.19, Flying Cove Fish, Christmas Islands (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEE2426B51B16DC54317D7DFAC7F734A" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Tetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E34A3329788DCC9AF696EC2A3C22339A" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla merguiensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="merguiensis">Paratetilla merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kirkpatrick, 1900). NHMUK 1921.11.7.10, Sealark Sponges, Indian Ocean (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="719B85388F123D5A21261D532B2EAAA5" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca var. violacea" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="variety" species="bacca" variety="violacea">Paratetilla bacca var. violacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Holotype USNM 23049, East part of Lagoon, Ponape, Caroline Islands, 1 Aug 1949 (as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0751D377AA54DCCA895FA13C6E37AA65" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla lipotriaena" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lipotriaena">Paratetilla lipotriaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1954). INDONESIA. Bali, Bali reef, RMNH.POR.1732; East Kalimantan, Berau reef, RMNH.POR.11281, RMNH.POR.11282, RMNH.POR.11283; Kakaban Lake, RMNH.POR.11289, RMNH.POR.11290, RMNH.POR.11291, RMNH.POR.11292, Haji Buang Lake, RMNH.POR.11284, RMNH.POR.11287, RMNH.POR.11288, RMNH.POR.11285, RMNH.POR.11286, RMNH.POR.3515. Sulawesi, Bunaken reef, RMNH.POR.3100, RMNH.POR.3106, RMNH.POR.3115; Bunaken mangrove, RMNH.POR.2819; Spermonde Archipelago, ZMA.POR.13221.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="688D592CDA413B1A19E3450E37FF1B92" genus="Ternate" lsidName="Ternate" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">Ternate</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Ternate reef, RMNH.POR.5344, RMNH.POR.5467. West Papua, Wallace Lake, RMNH.POR.11293, RMNH.POR.11294, RMNH.POR.11295; Outside Wallace Lake, RMNH.POR.11296, RMNH.POR.11297, RMNH.POR.11298; Ctenophore Lake, RMNH.POR.11302; Gam Mangrove, RMNH.POR.11299, RMNH.POR.11300, RMNH.POR.11301; Outside Ctenophore Lake, RMNH.POR.11303; Big Caulerpa Lake, RMNH.POR.11304; Gam Island, RMNH.POR.11305, RMNH.POR.11306, RMNH.POR.11307.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="86692065814B6F08D34E5D814482038A" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Other material: East Kalimantan, Makassar Straits, ZMA.POR.1735, Siboga Expedition, St. 81. Singapore, RMNH.POR.2506, RMNH.POR.2512. Western Indian Ocean, ZMA.POR.20673.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="BE2C607D44F9C72C047A237233D17AE6" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8987F38E73902B5AB878526899DCAE61" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EBE678870DB8DA3B216852341C6B8F3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
External morphology. Globular sponges, size between 1 and 5 cm in diameter. Surface hispid due to the projecting spicules, covered by numerous porocalices (Figure 1A, B). Porocalices are bowl-shape, with oval to circular apertures, up to 5 mm in diameter and 7 mm deep, numerous, scattered uniformly over the surface of the sponge; in preserved material, some porocalices are closed and only a narrow aperture is visible giving to the sponge a rough appearance. External color generally brown when alive, which turns dark brown in ethanol, choanosome light brown, and
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="8C5FCC6DFDBF3861A6CB6F20CCF35B4B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">has</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a 'dried
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C308D049E282312EBB875CA75831C434" originalValue="out’">out'</normalizedToken>
|
||
appearance (Figure 1B). Numerous small dark brown granules in the tissue (Figure 1E, F). Consistency compact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="65386513A7878ED9D1B6ADE8DEF21BA3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="5F8D604BE9AB877E6C41D93B565C3DA5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 1.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C70575087036CBBE17B2F0BB7A1BF63" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A,B, G-M RMNH.POR.11292, Kakaban Lake, Indonesia (left side).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="230916E9D7E275716148958A215170F4" originalValue="C–F">C-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
neotype material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6460244FA3AE19254F13D2E1E88B3EAC" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ZMA.POR.13029, Tutuila Island, American Samoa (right side). Ain situ photograph B preserved specimen showing the porocalices (scale bar 1 cm) C skeleton showing oxeas, calthrops and triaenes D skeleton, showing anatriaenes, protriaenes and oxeas E skeleton showing detail of the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCA342E8AB207FCF51615DCDFCCF87C4" originalValue="‘calthrop’">'calthrop'</normalizedToken>
|
||
zone F sigmaspires G oxea, detail H, I anatriaene, cladus and rhabd end, J thin microxea, K thin microxea, detail L calthrops M sigmaspires. Scale bars: 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E0B7D8595057FCDCA82CB1C5BAA0D13C" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D910A0F2152AFC91372906D806A3A9EF" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
); 40
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BCC72920D34577FF61DEA6A11136FCCC" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(D,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7ADFF075F848EB9B336A53E4C7C4D08F" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
); 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6013CA64A82F531441D0565682385544" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(E); 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DCD62C557F2413C833EE4A384A7B9EE7" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(F); 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="108D660EB7CEA2C5FF3650CC22CF7A0B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(J); 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CEF70168BB10F36332077E96F02D07A0" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(K, M); 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="14CBC6665E39FB6CDFD1A478ED940CC9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(L).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A96BD1E91BEF531A57C06424C1F20A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Skeleton. No cortex. Choanosomal skeleton composed by bundles of oxeas and triaenes radiating from a central core, ⅕-⅓ of the diameter of the sponge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD7447E5B8157A23F51DCEFD4C035065" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Megascleres. The material from Indonesia and the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="625CEB651FA5A2752AE746D79A786040" lsidName="P. merguiensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="merguiensis">P. merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
have oxeas 850
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A490E2AB9A0D6D436FBD2437ECFF3AE4" originalValue="–3085.3–">-3085.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||
4500 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C735A5CDD9A8668F9AA5DB1B421F0EAE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E65540B0189C25A7E632A224E2C88BF6" originalValue="–41.5–">-41.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||
65 mm (Table 4, Figure 1E, D, G). Anatriaenes always present, very abundant, cladi stout, slightly flattened, 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="52E7146A2740EC662E12997250EC4717" originalValue="–62.6–">-62.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||
100 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="79D52B739F12354CB7579F78EC587549" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
12.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2F03680272153AACD478C1E630A614FD" originalValue="–48.3–">-48.3-</normalizedToken>
|
||
75 mm, long rhabd up to 6000
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0F943EB750A4FB7CD309F15DA4303253" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
20 mm, tapering to dimensions much less than 1mm (Figure 1H, I). Protriaenes scarce in some specimens and absent in the type specimen; when present, they exhibit two different shapes, the first one with stouter and smaller cladi, the second one with thinner and larger cladi (27.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3057BAA56ABB4AB6082954FF9CF074A6" originalValue="–53.9–">-53.9-</normalizedToken>
|
||
100 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D6EC7A251B3B64B10A2DACE4055622A" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
37.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F02BFFF4FF6F52A999BCE1E1630A069C" originalValue="–107.4–">-107.4-</normalizedToken>
|
||
200 mm
|
||
<normalizedToken id="401B7A5047FFB7D847C71B6E2DB7EA06" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="744C55313ABABD2A8F55FFA4ABB1849F" originalValue="–6.5–">-6.5-</normalizedToken>
|
||
12.5 mm), rhabd up to 5850
|
||
<normalizedToken id="99BEFC7537C8C080962F7362A89E9CB4" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
15 mm, tapering to dimensions of <1 mm. Calthrop-like short shafted triaenes, three types are distinguished with a wide range of sizes, from which measurements are shown as a general summary (Table 4). In the first type, four rays can be recognized (Figure 1L), three of them large, up to 400-600 mm, and a short one up to 100 mm long, usually pointing down to the centre of the body; the second one with three rays, almost the same length up to 400 mm; and the third one with three rays as well, two of them in an angle of 180° and the other one perpendicular, 50-100 mm. The calthrops are located immediately below the surface, constituting more or less a homogeneous layer.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="EFF599707A6446625841D802B62BAEC8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="DD2AB9FC22036BC0B6267EBB9A263A98" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Table 4. Spicule measurements of six specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9E82BCE1CD560A5286916F4C2AF237C" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and five specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C03A8BA2956F99EAAEAC9A0B50F32FD1" lsidName="P. arcifera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="arcifera">P. arcifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
from different regions (n = 10 per spicule type and dimension with minimum-mean-maximum). Asterisk (*) indicate that rhabds of spicules were broken and no measurement was possible.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C22BDA0259A396C831BB68F960773F6A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<table id="43B76C343E890FA11F5428326BB16DDB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<tr id="A9D0D0AC3B75A057E19CE47FF354BA5A" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="9825E433F407A94E810812BFA7A52F2F" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="2">Measurements</th>
|
||
<th id="65FA509227257F1C3F0DC5D6F61D7BCF" colspan="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48F234BB1038121C21F930DE03429AEA" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="F3A3F1254D80F6DE7239760DA47781C4" colspan="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2965A1EBC61F45B51913E1EE649F1B6C" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla arcifera" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arcifera">Paratetilla arcifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9B9358060A49F1524EC868E166CF0D9B" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<th id="04B4D13B0418093085DD2F9431EF0DFA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">NHMUK94. 11.16.17/16</th>
|
||
<th id="B819A6C5D26977B1F1E932F645DF8105" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="CCB88C4CA042209833A1B8E7F3DE7718" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11292
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="D377491019075CE2201CF9A41D5632F2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="DA7A22297057181D6198E512F6E008BC" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11287
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="20A4921B696B3C5C1AF60BD8C5324A1D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="EE4F4ABC22DD39B8A2EE4954F905AC71" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11281
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="4836BE6EABE7B668ABF20B5D4EF0D603" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="7190ADAEA819B46D6DC354DDD830FF66" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11301
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="726975F8867EB9D4A5C0D83B1170D5DF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="17231EFF1138C88682E9C6A06C7B0BE4" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.5344
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="1E2F63315A9132B2D28C310BF1E544A8" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">USNM21278 (Holotype)</th>
|
||
<th id="890230A14C7A98CA02B61834DFA847CA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="45325F2F5F889E0FCF47885369B8AA05" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11266
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="A2CC99143E5B20BBAECB5DA801865807" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="4CE3B2BE5A7E02B153F48EE4C979B04C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11273
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="B949EEFDB7BDCFCFD8DE1A61195D1916" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="4485EC8272E8CECB68F1F32D38C33F77" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.11310
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="6EF639BFC91249A87E868AF1B4576C71" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">
|
||
<named-content id="F032CC09A43E1ABD093DD59BF32A9D24" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">RMNH</named-content>
|
||
.POR.3114
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="958FD71BF286CB501202E3F3F0ED4B15" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="20E9C1E94CABD0C9B1CA71EF4225118A" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Locality</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9C9835C4B12AB572700405E7C74D9CF4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="D99984D858B139D25DBF7D9BB3F39175" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Habitat</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0CEBE4FAE91CBB95827D2607CEC55572" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="C1253BC88BD66F116FC7BB180F8DED40" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="2">Oxeas</td>
|
||
<td id="913B7926ACB538541065EC25002F54DF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">3114.6</td>
|
||
<td id="6176BD01664C30D2085A4246858904CF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">2340.8</td>
|
||
<td id="0BA5C575E0AC269B3A858581F5598EF2" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">3324.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B37E6239279DA22E4904FDC09E078089" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="3835EA6D3D473FDE25412CA82571F640" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">42.5</td>
|
||
<td id="7847F1AE6E5569C504B5DD3A639C8F51" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">29.9</td>
|
||
<td id="5C74B98B2C83BF544F63A64D9E6BACB9" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">48.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DEF91C43F4AAB7745D053CD94B392981" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="83EEEDDE053A4A3415E6331DBB71F920" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="5">Anatriaenes</td>
|
||
<td id="F7E71098EA28AF16CC80018E591858E6" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">3677.8</td>
|
||
<td id="C9BEB99D23537CE8E4BC76A258488187" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">5057.1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7499A3226A5AB8381DF2EA6E02A405B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="2F1A28C45CE89D50949BD31601BB4AC7" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">16</td>
|
||
<td id="34D28B49907332D7D0B097104D64C886" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">12.9</td>
|
||
<td id="7ED9D8AC5471F1F475C7BA40A308FCFB" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">14.8</td>
|
||
<td id="20A13580A7FB111769DFC2E3AAE54157" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">10.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDFF84A827EF3E4387DC734F3044ECF9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="CF63AA5FFA77D5FF32C2358A11A27379" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">27.9</td>
|
||
<td id="A948E79AFD15E3CA5E97D5B1CDCC6ACF" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">58.7</td>
|
||
<td id="7BD40ABBBA127932E403E835D2F2A690" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">91.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BFB17294EA712871339F78EEF4ACD539" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="C51420C58949AFAABDFBDFFDADF04C90" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">52</td>
|
||
<td id="5A00586BBD9A21B1A553D9861405F21D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">44.4</td>
|
||
<td id="BCB486201F9419708DFE3D3B9F616CB1" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">63.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="4F536E551E54C4D4A28FF2C32F7E0C06" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="C1BEDEFC8B11D45920A6FFE5EEA5136E" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">12</td>
|
||
<td id="A6A461838EBF9C27037BCD9BFAAB549B" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">12.1</td>
|
||
<td id="A8C2AA2F8F2BF3BDA11900E6F79E4779" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">10.9</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="D558C1B9C87FA13B4F4F8485F1730C1C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="B0DA2652A0495D336556A077319803BE" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="5">Protriaenes</td>
|
||
<td id="0AC660EAF6E6BC1C2F253C55ED82EDDA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">3900</td>
|
||
<td id="C5BCCBD8FC738A4AA781A97DF334B654" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">4434.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="08C287CF4E1F678B0DBB9216B8AD61B4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="8EBFDC296100AF44AC26E9E07355C47D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">10</td>
|
||
<td id="09287F857F55FA386440FDE21C5CF28D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">13.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CAE485BCDD3CC6CED58CFFE48707939C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="3062F02689E114FD3422AAC0EDF989C7" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">46.9</td>
|
||
<td id="79E41D33421702BD23F7DC879C699732" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">70.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0CFA945F6972B6172DD1437A9854EFBF" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="5237EB70AECA21C4A2F77AD67298E3D7" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">84.4</td>
|
||
<td id="A419C21021387161048E3478A2101147" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">140.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="042010B4BA842A3443B14C4C0E99C733" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="8B1C47E1A40B4D8C6F34E29CB10F8A1C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">7.5</td>
|
||
<td id="C9B4FCB7BB1309AEA427DA286D41E4FA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">9.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8E161FDF1999C65B5600571A8AD7F466" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="C3E7FBC1A88E99E443841BCA722558E3" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="4">Calthrops</td>
|
||
<td id="635E7715008E73DCAD5DE05392007D2C" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">168.1</td>
|
||
<td id="A49658C61E018A51A3660209937A5DA5" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">266</td>
|
||
<td id="EC188A27ADBDD6A47DAE27AE409C3DD3" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">369.8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="258F9480F711AEEFD628B792C30AF8F1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="81BED6EAA84CC90498173C731FA3DA95" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">92.9</td>
|
||
<td id="CC9C31850AB033F8FA29163F14142C69" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">225</td>
|
||
<td id="D0AD22FE62DF154B784713A3BB5BE5FB" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">346.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7C8D956882BC369B221AD1719E3F2B9C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="BFABD76BD1BCB0F6D344FCD614C28958" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">106</td>
|
||
<td id="53407ECB50B142B62A48D56B1D7D1700" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">203.7</td>
|
||
<td id="E47331395DFE1CF453318C120FF9F245" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">292.5</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="54B290813F4F3593FAE15BACCEF8BBEC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="0540C709B5B76AD8001D78A35FAF0516" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">12.2</td>
|
||
<td id="62FE71A22147059FB74534470AFCD993" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">18.3</td>
|
||
<td id="2756E3B1F91D6718D5C9F0FC6D88D458" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">31.7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="037102A79CE1EF275A4AC4411BE16AFB" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="AA8C35D3C4B768460674E389BF8A5D4B" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Microxea</td>
|
||
<td id="708F278414A9860E3F8938E7D1F575FA" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">195.3</td>
|
||
<td id="F1D3547D988143476AA3BC8F5A840959" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">136.2</td>
|
||
<td id="791DA6C32D192C8D19A870295465DF2D" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">213.6</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="18C898BB1C1CE4919DF01900A17B7493" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<td id="AC2C9D9D6F416EE5D5A315F7AF28C2F7" colspan="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">Sigmaspires</td>
|
||
<td id="3634CC38BFF30E6348CCEE5D3214F928" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="522509138873C421EB1776959DE8D375" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">13</td>
|
||
<td id="ABA02CD43B68BBFF1750A7893DFA7FE4" colspan="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rowspan="1">15.4</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B2CFE40AA6EC33C9998B85FC13EE3B7C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Microscleres. Thin microxeas are common, 105
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0A77686C5FCA7C6381B6BD1B17A70ADE" originalValue="–241.6–">-241.6-</normalizedToken>
|
||
380 mm,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="17B8D06CA76D303E2BCAB684C245C18E" originalValue="‘hair-like’">'hair-like'</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Sigmaspires, 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="650828225629E8876629DCF64537678F" originalValue="–14.1–">-14.1-</normalizedToken>
|
||
25 mm, C-S shape (Figure 1F, M).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="01D4453E67FFA9E6DD05B6A6E14C15A3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="285C5A63737E60A292B99C2E01098691" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D26D1A91F982830D65AB1BEFF606C5D3" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Inhabiting all studied environments in Indonesia, including coral reefs, mangroves, and marine lakes. Specimens more common in mangroves and marine lakes, and shallow reef flats where they are usually found on dead coral skeletons or coral rubble, typically ranging in depth from 0-5m. No specimens collected from deeper coral reefs in Indonesia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7F709119283A786591DE6695D37C0DE6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="3E5D2EEB9333331D73086190E46A39E6" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="242F8353441B88775FFA8E5836E46A4F" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="717AD908B9F2DDAB67AF8C85F06A9DD2" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide distribution in Indonesia, including Berau, Bunaken, Raja Ampat,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDEE779386C2E4EAE6C85E71B64F12C8" genus="Ternate" lsidName="Ternate" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">Ternate</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and Java. Previous Indonesian records are from Spermonde Archipelago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="94048ACCEB032B0A930402FE68911685" author="Becking, LE" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="76 - 88" title="Beta-diversity of tropical marine assemblages in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2005.00051.x" volume="27" year="2006">Becking et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Berau (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="45DBAE31EEE6BA8FE5AD5EF452A70FE2" author="de Voogd, NJ" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="169 - 180" title="Sponge community composition in Derawan Islands, NE Kalimantan, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08349" volume="396" year="2009">de Voogd et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and Raja Ampat (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1F06C925E3B8C96BF8DE3D0D011A65A4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Becking 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In addition, this species has also been reported from Seychelles Islands (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F9A3411D8EA7F62412DB6EC093E6719C" author="Thomas, PA" journalOrPublisher="Sciences zoologiques" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 96" title="Marine demospongiae of Mahe Island in the Seychelles Bank (Indian Ocean). Annales du Musee royal de l'Afrique centrale." volume="203" year="1973">Thomas 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Southwest Madagascar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A3233043465FF1C34D981ECAE50933D9" author="Vacelet, J" journalOrPublisher="Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle (A, Zoologie)" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" pagination="1 - 116" title="Spongiaires de la pente externe des recifs coralliens de Tulear (Sud-Ouest de Madagascar)." volume="49" year="1976">Vacelet et al. 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Zanzibar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7CF0C8CA15D20FCF27D69A8BE95B5F45" author="Pulitzer-Finali, G" journalOrPublisher="Annales Museo Civico Storia Naturale " Giacomo Doria "" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="247 - 350" title="A collection of marine sponges from East Africa." volume="89" year="1993">Pulitzer-Finali 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Thailand (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D3457B9A445CFAD0DEFA753D31540957" author="Putchakarn, S" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1635 - 1642" title="Species diversity of marine sponges dwelling in coral reefs in Had Khanom-Mo Ko Thale Tai National Park, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S002531540705833X" volume="87" year="2007">Putchakarn 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Singapore (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DF3E5F4C886EDA6B269321FC6ECDE9DD" author="Lim, S-C" journalOrPublisher="Science Centre of Singapore, Singapore" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" title="A guide to sponges of Singapore." year="2008">Lim et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Philippines (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A918948269A17815129961A324B157CF" author="Longakit, MBA" journalOrPublisher="Science Diliman" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="52 - 74" title="The shallow water marine sponges (Porifera) of Cebu, Philippines." volume="17" year="2005">Longakit et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (Figure 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="3FADA48997452F52495B217CE59E7041" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="FA181756385BB693D224A7C8C6831464" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Figure 2. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B895BDD67A0F0D9B15942B13EA2DAB9B" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Red dot: type locality,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7CAFCD09AF9FA13B4EA4671B2ECFC98" class="Demospongiae" family="Ancorinidae" genus="Stelletta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stelletta bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Stelletta bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
Selenka, 1867, American Samoa. Green dots: Indonesian localities where the species was collected recently. Yellow triangles: Records from localities outside Indonesia, Zanzibar, Southwest Madagascar, Seychelles, Thailand, Singapore, Christmas Island, and Philippines. Circled numbers: type localities of synonymized species, 1
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33C68C8340C0A957862972AF48D5B3FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Tethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tethya merguiensis" order="Tethyida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="merguiensis">Tethya merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Carter, 1873, Mergui Archipelago 2
|
||
<taxonomicName id="95BCE9CFB730BEA98A8A8B583B2E8FE6" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla ternatensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ternatensis">Tetilla ternatensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1896,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="478D934D5EBA6A73A0CBA988D000AC01" genus="Ternate" lsidName="Ternate" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="genus">Ternate</taxonomicName>
|
||
Island 3
|
||
<taxonomicName id="670A68C737F9B5E0EB9F12A612877FDD" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla amboinensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="amboinensis">Tetilla amboinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1898, Ambon Island 4
|
||
<taxonomicName id="99A53187082B7F45B5DC0A0719D47E9F" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla violacea" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="violacea">Tetilla violacea</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1898, Ambon Island 5
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12A4BD06729CEE3F1E9EF98129B3D5BB" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Tetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetilla rubra" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="rubra">Tetilla rubra</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kieschnick, 1898, Ambon Island 6
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3B887A7D22EE012ED090A1F133E6E0" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla cineriformis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cineriformis">Paratetilla cineriformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1905, Gulf of Manaar, Sri Lanka. 7
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5B668F660792AF2C2BEAF5DE0335671C" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla eccentrica" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="eccentrica">Paratetilla eccentrica</taxonomicName>
|
||
Row, 1911, Tella Tella Kabira, Red Sea 8
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C88CA30C02DD10C545607286A12F2623" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla lipotriaena" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lipotriaena">Paratetilla lipotriaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1954, Matalanim, Eastern Pohnpei, Micronesia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F53E670F72734DA0DDAFB662C6BFB4A1" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="0CCFD0AFA46863D0B7B0EF04B09256D5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3AFB6965C7389F6C88D9D5D21086D16D" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
We did not succeed in locating the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1600D24CAF02BD3E55F67206CD1B9873" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, despite concerted effort. At this time, we assume that the type is no longer available. The description by Selenka of the type specimen does not mention the occurrence of any type of sigmaspires. It is a matter of speculation whether
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="073152E5A18AB71F832446E33D4EFDD6" author="Lindgren, NG" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Anzeiger" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="480 - 487" title="Beitrag zur Kenntniss der Spongienfauna des Malaiischen Archipels und der Chinesischen Meere." volume="547" year="1897">Lindgren (1897)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
actually examined
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8007AE6994AB1887B78FF3B5C8A9E62D" originalValue="Selenka’s">Selenka's</normalizedToken>
|
||
material to propose
|
||
<normalizedToken id="801D4E87DC3F252FA7B30CF085084E22" originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="117F3FDE7C7E83C6AF1D9E30B1C7C5FB" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla merguensis" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="merguensis">Paratetilla merguensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C65AE0E48F0421105060837D3E65F57" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla bacca" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="bacca">Paratetilla bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or whether he based his conclusion merely on the literature. It is possible that sigmaspires may have been overlooked by Selenka in his original description and drawings, yet the arrangement of the megascleres in the skeleton shows a clear similarity with
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DF6CF951B65A5085042D1B84BFF9C846" originalValue="Carter’s">Carter's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4EB5973C8E5A703078FE67BF5095F88B" lsidName="P. merguensis" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="merguensis">P. merguensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suppl. material 2, Figure S1). In contrast
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="17E28C028E999B17F53170FDACE35BD3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69A556C916E88BB3F81DD12FD78C6E16" originalValue="Selenka’s">Selenka's</normalizedToken>
|
||
description,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="22B34C7EFE951B4CD05F8AFD5D7D8038" author="Carter, HJ" journalOrPublisher="Zookeys" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938309459163" year="1883">Carter (1883)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included a complete and detailed account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15D54B5FE5482B58908289C1C2BBE1DF" lsidName="P. merguiensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="merguiensis">P. merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was verified through examination of two slides deposited in the NHM collection (NHMUK 1894.11.16-17); few oxeas are complete in these slides (most broken), therefore limited variation of this character was observed. For most of spicule types enough measurements were possible. Although we did not succeed finding
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CCBC09864CA279933BE3A609008FBFD2" originalValue="Selenka’s">Selenka's</normalizedToken>
|
||
type, we did examine one specimen and its associated slide preparation from Samoa identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC9C15C9C557E4A69604BED9BD62A763" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
(ZMA.POR.13029), which has all the characteristic spicules, including sigmaspires, that are present in our specimens from Indonesia (Figure 1C-F). This material is designated here with the status of neotype following the rules of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, article 75. Therefore, we conclude that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EBE68D0C70DC2853CBA9CC1D72B0A49B" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a valid species, and subsequent species should be designed as junior synonyms. In all of our
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0039CE7A526B46F024EDF6F974F381CC" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Paratetilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples, we have furthermore not encountered one specimen without sigmaspires. Here, we show the measurements of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="02D3417FBB9CE95755E4E48090E87C85" lsidName="P. merguiensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="merguiensis">P. merguiensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as specimens from different localities in Indonesia (Table 4). Although there is a large variation in spicules sizes among the different localities, there was also great intra-specific variation and we did not find any reason to declare the validity of any junior synonym included in this revision. In general, populations from marine lakes (Kakaban and Haji Buang) exhibit smaller spicules in comparison with their reefal counterparts at the same localities (Table 4). This variation could be a response to different environmental conditions within the marine lakes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="14E0B39E3D631DDD53F2BCE262912833" author="Becking, LE" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="89 - 105" title="Recently discovered landlocked basins in Indonesia reveal high habitat diversity in anchialine systems." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0742-0" volume="677" year="2011">Becking et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or a consequence of genetic selection after isolation of these populations about 8000-10000 years ago (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A3297ABD236BA1B4D6361D40A5348F7" author="Dawson, MN" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="9235 - 9240" title="Rapid evolutionary radiation of marine zooplankton in peripheral environments." url="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0503635102" volume="102" year="2005">Dawson and Hamner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8E48845C7D1141638EFC51FAC1D6D809" author="Becking, LE" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="105 - 120" title="Sponge species composition, abundance, and cover in marine lakes and coastal mangroves in Berau, Indonesia." url="https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10155" volume="481" year="2013">Becking et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2FC2F38A1986F7248D78C3795250274" author="Becking, LE" journalOrPublisher="Marine Ecology Progress Series" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" url="https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2496" year="2016">Becking et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or a synergistic effect between environmental and genetic factors.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A4DF2172B73F804AC360F219BFB9EC8A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
According to the WPD (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="301D8FDF580362782032FD59FCC9D05E" author="van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Zooelogische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=171296" year="2018">van Soest et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), other four valid
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8290553CAB945D014AA70E29CE91EE4F" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Paratetilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DDD832E408B25DA7FDF6D59F09C0368" lsidName="P. amboinensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="amboinensis">P. amboinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kieschnick, 1898),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="536DC6D33BF20BD3DD4DEDBA71F86E31" lsidName="P. lipotriaena" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="lipotriaena">P. lipotriaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
de Laubenfels, 1954,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82000C67C012EA7B3320CD6C80A9C389" lsidName="P. corrugata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="corrugata">P. corrugata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1922 and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B169962E4E1019E4E375D0AB3C112C82" lsidName="P. aruensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="aruensis">P. aruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hentschel, 1912. Based on the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="328767EBBB7E68AD139EFED47C6BEBEF" lsidName="P. amboinensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="amboinensis">P. amboinensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Kieschnick, 1898), the shape and skeleton features exhibited by this species fit within the current diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89C33FEAA0C5A817AE698AE967E993CE" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, therefore we recommend that these two species should be synonymized. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8A2773AA3E2DE853404D5C99AA0BBAA" lsidName="P. lipotriaena" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="lipotriaena">P. lipotriaena</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erected by de Laubenfels based on the absence of triaenes. Our examination of the type specimen (USNM 23049) revealed the presence of triaenes and the same characters as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8D67281A96826F71BE6FC920B85166EC" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
, therefore we have synonymized this species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFD539A19E64C7D8E1850A047EF88A27" lsidName="P. bacca." pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca.">P. bacca.</taxonomicName>
|
||
On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1F62F91DF1C5E184D97C251B13D5E53" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distingished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BFEDD665C2014445B9DFFAE6FB270FC" lsidName="P. corrugata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="corrugata">P. corrugata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dendy, 1922, because of the abundant trichodragmata exhibited by the latter species. Consequently,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A445B950A2E4BE8E9F8E74AD7E1A06B" lsidName="P. corrugata" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="corrugata">P. corrugata</taxonomicName>
|
||
can still be considered a valid species. Finally, the status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="944ADDFB47043A4430CD3D50003972B9" lsidName="P. aruensis" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="aruensis">P. aruensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Hentschel, 1912 within this genus should be reconsidered. After examination of two slides available at the NHMUK, no calthrops were found, only the typical amphitriaenes originally described for this species. Amphitriaenes make this species more similar to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3DB4A8B2E714BFB74EFFF0BA7C776DD" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Amphitethya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amphitethya" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Amphitethya</taxonomicName>
|
||
instead of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B3C2F35439BF5D3431EA291F4A8413F2" class="Demospongiae" family="Tetillidae" genus="Paratetilla" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratetilla" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Paratetilla</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Further examination of specimens would corroborate our preliminary conclusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="89EC313EE00FEF3D9266B87775F71416" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
In a molecular phylogenetic study, which was based in part on specimens that we review in the current study (see Suppl. material 1, Table S1 for corresponding GenBank numbers),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="50BA583507ECF3680A36AAECCC15D887" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Schuster et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E971F5A526201B3B0758303BBCFAC0DE" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a monophyletic clade in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB9E752D484F0C73610FD50F82F5B1CD" family="Tetillidae" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="family">Tetillidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Due to the wide distribution of this species and large intraspecific
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="809DB12FD5F7360E92DFEDBF2B55548E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">morphological</pageBreakToken>
|
||
variability we recommend further molecular studies, particularly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA6D3F92E0532BEE3AD3778FB317A27E" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its type locality (American Samoa). This would allow a more detailed description of the genetic variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42914A10087D0952ACED83758370B459" lsidName="P. bacca" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="bacca">P. bacca</taxonomicName>
|
||
and verify our initial taxonomic proposal based on morphology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |