374 lines
49 KiB
XML
374 lines
49 KiB
XML
<document id="1A376E81B8B645A796B3287EDEECE127" ID-CLB-Dataset="305693" ID-DOI="10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a9445361-3a35-4c82-b718-a1ef71ff68a7" ID-ISSN="1777-571X" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14224971" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:315BC2E8-5F5D-4F57-A265-B625969F5A3A" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.metadata_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch,operationResults" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="guilherme" IM.treatments_approvedBy="guilherme" checkinTime="1732638312854" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Marciszak, Adrian, Hilpert, Brigitte & Ambros, Dieta" docDate="2024" docId="03BD87E9FFE31D40BD468F205B72F211" docLanguage="en" docName="CRPalevol.23.23.339-383.pdf" docOrigin="Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (23)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a23" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD.1:CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="DACF86F01658A8850E13A63D98C287FD" docStyleName="CRPalevol.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Meles meles" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="344" masterDocId="FF84FF91FFE51D47BC6188715E18F65E" masterDocTitle="The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany)" masterLastPageNumber="383" masterPageNumber="339" pageNumber="343" updateTime="1732924247835" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="CDBD58BD0CB4214F200EECD29C74701F">The remarkable record of mustelids from Hunas (Bavaria, Germany)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8BDEE8D35DB023B438A6BA4CB83C32E2" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="F826DCDD86A94348287B124B4C5A8395">Marciszak, Adrian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D4DFF82F2916C60FABE64C2E283DAB6D">Department of Paleozoology, University of Wrocław, Sienkiewicza 21, 50 - 335 Wrocław (Poland)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0D4CE70F2E34B5192DD69FAECEFFACAB" type="email">adrian.marciszak@uwr.edu.pl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B43DDAC1951026169097A8B0372C6DFA">Hilpert, Brigitte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B9CE022328C9631F2A4DC04725FBCBD">GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="58D22C9F033D582AF0D7911D93BF9673" type="email">brigitte-hilpert@gmx.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0C6DC2D20F8371528A90EAEB88AA1FF6">Ambros, Dieta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="53B5BA1118B99CF284CF2E4308360A0C">GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Paleobiology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Loewenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen (Germany)</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5C3357FA1679947BEB9BE0931DE7749D" type="email">dieta.ambros@fau.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="E1863CD53A843D1C9FB1D9BD8583C390">Comptes Rendus Palevol</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="FFEC9563F3E497FB80C2061833BFF812">
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<mods:date id="20391DF2435178AC2AF21E11D28488F1">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="417DC26B4D1E6A3EDC199DF2E60769A7">2024-09-04</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03BD87E9FFE31D40BD468F205B72F211" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14248855" ID-GBIF-Taxon="248070552" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14248855" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87E9FFE31D40BD468F205B72F211" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87E9FFE31D40BD468F205B72F211" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" scope_class="Mammalia" scope_family="Mustelidae" scope_infraOrder="Arctoidea" scope_order="Carnivora" scope_subOrder="Caniformia">
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFE31D41BD468F205C7CF133" box="[295,612,1873,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D41BD468F205C7CF133" blockId="6.[295,612,1873,1901]" box="[295,612,1873,1901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<heading id="D0E38193FFE31D41BD468F205C7CF133" box="[295,612,1873,1901]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE31D41BD468F205C7CF133" ID-CoL="3ZDRX" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[295,612,1873,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
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<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE31D41BD468F205FBBF132" bold="true" box="[295,419,1873,1900]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Meles meles</emphasis>
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(Linnaeus, 1758)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFE31D41BCE58FF45AABF593" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D41BCE58FF45C85F1B2" blockId="6.[131,774,1925,2028]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0411D1FFE31D41BCE58FF45C85F1B2" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE31D41BCE58FF45EF8F1C2" box="[132,224,1925,1949]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE31D41BCE58FF45EA2F1C3" box="[132,186,1925,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Meles</emphasis>
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sp.
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</taxonomicName>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BC898FF45FBCF1C3" author="HELLER F." box="[232,420,1925,1949]" page="209" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="1983">Heller, 1983: 209</treatmentCitation>
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; pl. 8/10-11. –
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BE2F8FF45D1AF1C3" author="GROISS J. T." box="[590,770,1925,1949]" page="354" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="1983">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE31D41BE2F8FF45D1AF1C3" author="GROISS J. T." box="[590,770,1925,1949]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" pagination="351 - 376" refId="ref24106" refString="GROISS J. T. 1983. - Faunenzusammensetzung, Okologie und Altersdatierung der Fundstelle Hunas, in HELLER F. (ed.), Die Hohlenruine Hunas bei Hartmannshof (Landkreis Nurnberger Land). Eine palaontologische und urgeschichtliche Fundstelle aus dem Spat-Riss. Quartar-Bibliothek 4: 351 - 376." type="journal article" year="1983">Groiss 1983: 354</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; table 48. –
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BC998FEE5C41F1E9" author="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & HEINRICH W. - D." box="[248,601,1951,1975]" page="96" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE31D41BC998FEE5C41F1E9" author="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & HEINRICH W. - D." box="[248,601,1951,1975]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" pagination="53 - 112" refId="ref25411" refString="KOENIGSWALD W. V. & HEINRICH W. - D. 1999. - Mittelpleistozane Saugetierfaunen aus Mitteleuropa - der Versuch einer biostratigraphischen Zuordnung. Kaupia 9: 53 - 112." type="journal article" year="1999">Koenigswald & Heinrich 1999: 96</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BE198FEE5EB8F18C" author="AMBROS D. C." page="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE31D41BE198FEE5EB8F18C" author="AMBROS D. C." pageId="6" pageNumber="343" refId="ref21813" refString="AMBROS D. C. 2006. - Morphologische und metrische Untersuchungen an Phalangen und Metapodien quartarer Musteliden unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Unterscheidung von Baum- und Steinmarder (Martes martes (Linne 1758) und Martes foina (Erxleben 1777 )). Der Andere Verlag, Tonning, Lubeck, Marburg, 103 p." type="book" year="2006">Ambros 2006: 54</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BCD98FCB5F72F18C" author="BAUMANN CH" box="[184,362,1978,2002]" page="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="2011">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE31D41BCD98FCB5F72F18C" author="BAUMANN CH" box="[184,362,1978,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" refId="ref22153" refString="BAUMANN CH. 2011. - Kleinsaugerfunde aus drei Profilsaulen (N 2, Q 1, S 2) der mittel- bis spatpleistozanen Hohlenruine Hunas (Mittelfranken). Ein Beitrag zur biostratigraphischen und palaookologischen Auswertung der Fundstelle. Bachelorarbeit zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Bachelor of Arts, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena, Philosophische Fakultat, Ur- und Fruhgeschichte." type="journal volume" year="2011">Baumann 2011: 8</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. –
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BDE28FCB5C2AF1B2" author="ROSENDAHL W. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. & HAMBACH U. & ALT K. W. & KNIPPING M. & REISCH L. & KAULICH B." page="19" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="2011">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE31D41BDE28FCB5C2AF1B2" author="ROSENDAHL W. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. & HAMBACH U. & ALT K. W. & KNIPPING M. & REISCH L. & KAULICH B." pageId="6" pageNumber="343" pagination="15 - 23" refId="ref27368" refString="ROSENDAHL W., AMBROS D., HILPERT B., HAMBACH U., ALT K. W., KNIPPING M., REISCH L. & KAULICH B. 2011. - Neanderthals and monkeys in the Wurmian of Central Europe - The Middle Palaeolithic site of Hunas, Southern Germany, in CONARD N. J. & RICHTER J. (eds), Neanderthal lifeways, subsistence and technology - one hundred fifty years of Neanderthal study. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology 19 (4): 15 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 94 - 007 - 0415 - 2 - 3" type="journal article" year="2011">Rosendahl, Ambros, Hilpert, Hambach, Alt, Knipping, Reisch & Kaulich 2011: 19</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; table 3/2.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D41BF4C8BC45AABF593" blockId="6.[813,1203,949,973]" box="[813,1203,949,973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB0411D1FFE31D41BF4C8BC45AABF593" box="[813,1203,949,973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB510EEFFE31D41BF4C8BC45A4BF593" author="AMBROS D. C." box="[813,1107,949,973]" page="54" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE31D41BF4C8BC45A4BF593" ID-CoL="3ZDRX" authority="Ambros, 2006: 54" authorityName="Ambros" authorityPageNumber="54" authorityYear="2006" box="[813,1107,949,973]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
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<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE31D41BF4C8BC45D80F593" box="[813,920,949,973]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">Meles meles</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE31D41BFFF8BC45A4BF593" author="AMBROS D. C." box="[926,1107,949,973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" refId="ref21813" refString="AMBROS D. C. 2006. - Morphologische und metrische Untersuchungen an Phalangen und Metapodien quartarer Musteliden unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Unterscheidung von Baum- und Steinmarder (Martes martes (Linne 1758) und Martes foina (Erxleben 1777 )). Der Andere Verlag, Tonning, Lubeck, Marburg, 103 p." type="book" year="2006">Ambros, 2006: 54</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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; table 75.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFE31D41BF4C8B975BBFF5A3" box="[813,1447,997,1021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D41BF4C8B975BBFF5A3" blockId="6.[813,1447,997,1021]" box="[813,1447,997,1021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<materialsCitation id="3B7C3CA2FFE31D41BF4C8B975BBBF5A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4986898305" box="[813,1443,997,1021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" specimenCount="1">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFE31D41BF4C8B975D88F5A5" baselines="1015,1015" box="[813,912,998,1021]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Referred" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">REFERRED</smallCapsWord>
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFE31D41BFF78B9A5DECF5A2" baselines="1016" box="[918,1012,1003,1020]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="lower" normString="material" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">MATERIAL</smallCapsWord>
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. — Mandible with p4-m1 and metatarsal 3
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFE31D40BF4C8C445C58F251" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="6" pageNumber="343" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D41BF4C8C445DA5F213" blockId="6.[810,1458,1077,2027]" box="[813,957,1077,1103]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">
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<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFE31D41BF4C8C445DA5F213" baselines="1096,1096" box="[813,957,1077,1103]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Description" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">DESCRIPTION</smallCapsWord>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D41BF4C8C245ACBF093" blockId="6.[810,1458,1077,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">The mandibular body is long and stout. Its height measured behind m1 is larger than m1’s length. On the buccal side, under the teeth row, a shallow, wide depression runs, which reduces in distally. Three rounded mental foramina are moderately spaced and located under the distal roots of p2, p3 and p4. The first and the second are situated on similar levels, while the third is placed slightly below. The mandibular body has a moderately convex lower margin, with the maximum convexity under m1. The teeth row is straight, and the teeth are set close to each other. Alveoles of the missing p2 and p3 show the presence of large, two-rooted teeth, with their distal parts oriented slightly disto-lingually. Large and proportionally wide p4 is two-rooted and high crowned. It possesses an asymmetric protoconid in the lateral view, pushed slightly mesially. From its apex, running mesially and distally, two thin ridges, which end on contact with the cingulum. The crown widens distally, with strong, disto-lingual curvature. The mesial margin is rounded, and the buccal straight and distal margin is blunt. Stronger cingulums are present on the mesial and distal margins of the crown.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE31D40BF228EA35C76F56E" blockId="6.[810,1458,1077,2027]" lastBlockId="7.[130,777,535,1039]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="344" pageId="6" pageNumber="343">The elongated m1 has a short trigonid and long and relatively narrow talonid. The trigonid is curved buccally and concave lingually. From the base of the high protoconid arises a short, low ridge that runs disto-buccally to the mesial wall of the hypoconid. From the buccal side this ridge is separated by a small groove. The metaconid and the paraconid are equal in height, and are separated by a deep, U-shaped valley. From the paraconid apex runs two thin and sharp ridges in the buccal and distal directions. The deeply basined talonid is notably broader than the trigonid, with a lower distal wall. On its surface are many low enamel folds and wrinkles. The large, high hypoconid is elongated and bears two ridges, which run mesially and distally from the apex of the cusp. Distally to the hypoconid is situated a large hypoconulid, which also bears two ridges. It is separated from the distal wall of the talonid by a fine groove. On the lingual wall is situated a large, high entoconid, after which is situated a small, low postentoconulid. The weak cingulum is located mesio-buccally.</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF6B6677FFE21D40BCE588AA5CC9F75D" ID-Table-UUID="DF6B6677FFE21D40BCE588AA5CC9F75D" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF6B6677FFE21D40BCE588AA5CC9F75D" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" startId="7.[132,178,219,236]" targetBox="[134,1395,317,457]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7" targetType="table">
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<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D40BCE588AA5CC9F75D" blockId="7.[132,1455,219,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFE21D40BCE588AA5EAAF6B2" baselines="232,233" box="[132,178,219,236]" lowerCaseFontSize="5" mainFontSize="7" normCase="title" normString="Table" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">TABLE</smallCapsWord>
|
||
3. — Comparison of size and main indexes of m1 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BE3F88AA5D55F6B2" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[606,845,219,236]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BE3F88AA5CDCF6B2" box="[606,708,219,236]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Meles meles</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus,1758)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(different chronosubspecies) (data from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40B8FB88AA5B1CF6B2" author="WOLSAN M." box="[1178,1284,219,236]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="659 - 671" refId="ref28467" refString="WOLSAN M. 2001. - Remains of Meles hollitzeri (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Lower Pleistocene site of Untermassfeld. Monographien des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz 40: 659 - 671." type="journal article" year="2001">Wolsan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40B96F88AA5EFDF75D" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BCE588835EB6F75D" box="[132,174,242,259]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BD6488835F91F75D" author="MARCISZAK A." box="[261,393,242,259]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" refId="ref26174" refString="MARCISZAK A. 2012. - Mustelids (Mustelidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Pleistocene of Poland. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Paleozoology, University of Wroclaw, 1076 p." type="book" year="2012">Marciszak 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The measurements are in millimetres.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D40BD3F894C5B6BF797" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<table id="F914C45FFFE2E2B8BCE7894C5B6BF797" box="[134,1395,317,457]" gridcols="8" gridrows="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<tr id="352434BDFFE2E2B8BCE7894C5B6BF70F" box="[134,1395,317,337]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BD3F894C5F87F70F" box="[350,415,317,337]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BD3F894C5F87F70F" bold="true" box="[350,415,317,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Hunas</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BE6B894C5D66F70F" box="[522,894,317,337]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BE2C894C5D52F70F" bold="true" box="[589,842,317,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Early-Middle Pleistocene</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF9C894C5B6BF70F" box="[1021,1395,317,337]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B8FB894C5AC3F70F" bold="true" box="[1178,1243,317,337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Extant</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352434BDFFE2E2B8BCE789105B6BF72B" box="[134,1395,353,373]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BCE789105EFCF72B" box="[134,228,353,373]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BCE789105ECDF72B" bold="true" box="[134,213,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Indexes</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BD3F89105F87F72B" box="[350,415,353,373]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BD1489105F90F72B" bold="true" box="[373,392,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BE6B89105C58F72B" box="[522,576,353,373]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BE7A89105C36F72B" bold="true" box="[539,558,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BEF389105D1DF72B" box="[658,773,353,373]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BEFF89105CEFF72B" bold="true" box="[670,759,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">min-max</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF0789105D66F72B" box="[870,894,353,373]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BF0889105D61F72B" bold="true" box="[873,889,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">N</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF9C89105A2BF72B" box="[1021,1075,353,373]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B86F89105A39F72B" bold="true" box="[1038,1057,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B8E589105AE0F72B" box="[1156,1272,353,373]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B8F089105AF2F72B" bold="true" box="[1169,1258,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">min-max</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B92E89105B6BF72B" box="[1359,1395,353,373]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B93889105B71F72B" bold="true" box="[1369,1385,353,373]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">N</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352434BDFFE2E2B8BCE789F45B6BF7C7" box="[134,1395,389,409]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BCE789F45EFCF7C7" box="[134,228,389,409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">L m1</th>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BD3F89F45F87F7C7" box="[350,415,389,409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">17.94</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BE6B89F45C58F7C7" box="[522,576,389,409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">16.77</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BEF389F45D1DF7C7" box="[658,773,389,409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">15.30-18.00</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF0789F45D66F7C7" box="[870,894,389,409]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">12</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF9C89F45A2BF7C7" box="[1021,1075,389,409]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">16.18</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B8E589F45AE0F7C7" box="[1156,1272,389,409]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">14.35-18.37</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B92E89F45B6BF7C7" box="[1359,1395,389,409]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">104</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352434BDFFE2E2B8BCE789EC5B6BF7EF" box="[134,1395,413,433]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BCE789EC5EFCF7EF" box="[134,228,413,433]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">B ta m1</th>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BD3F89EC5F87F7EF" box="[350,415,413,433]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">7.86</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BE6B89EC5C58F7EF" box="[522,576,413,433]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">7.28</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BEF389EC5D1DF7EF" box="[658,773,413,433]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">6.30-7.93</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF0789EC5D66F7EF" box="[870,894,413,433]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF9C89EC5A2BF7EF" box="[1021,1075,413,433]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">7.61</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B8E589EC5AE0F7EF" box="[1156,1272,413,433]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">5.90-8.75</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B92E89EC5B6BF7EF" box="[1359,1395,413,433]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">105</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352434BDFFE2E2B8BCE789C45B6BF797" box="[134,1395,437,457]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<th id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BCE789C45EFCF797" box="[134,228,437,457]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">B ta/L m1</th>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BD3F89C45F87F797" box="[350,415,437,457]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">43.8</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BE6B89C45C58F797" box="[522,576,437,457]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">43.1</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BEF389C45D1DF797" box="[658,773,437,457]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">38.8-45.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF0789C45D66F797" box="[870,894,437,457]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">10</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8BF9C89C45A2BF797" box="[1021,1075,437,457]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">47.0</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B8E589C45AE0F797" box="[1156,1272,437,457]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">37.2-52.7</td>
|
||
<td id="76F55DC1FFE2E2B8B92E89C45B6BF797" box="[1359,1395,437,457]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">105</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D40BCFA8B475C58F251" blockId="7.[130,777,535,1039]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
The incomplete mt 3 lacks proximal epiphysis and is a robust, short bone. The bone has a massive, curved diaphysis, front-distally flattened and rectangular. Distal articulation is relatively large, rounded and irregularly shaped. The medial epicondyle is more prominent than the lateral one. Metrically and morphologically, this mt 3 from Hunas is indistinguishable from the mt 3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BD128B875FD7F251" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[371,463,1013,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BD128B875FD7F251" box="[371,463,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6960344FFE21D40BD818B845C37F251" box="[480,559,1013,1039]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="6.[132,143,611,628]" captionText="TABLE 2. — Size comparison of mc 4 of Gulo gulo (Linnaeus, 1758) (different subspecies) and Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) (data from DÖppes 2001, 2005; Ambros 2006; Marciszak 2012; Marciszak et al. 2017a, b and own measurements). The measurements are in centimetres." pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30E6574FFE21D40BCE58C445B72F211" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D40BCE58C445EF0F213" blockId="7.[130,777,1077,2028]" box="[132,232,1077,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
<smallCapsWord id="8D4DA023FFE21D40BCE58C445EF0F213" baselines="1096,1096" box="[132,232,1077,1103]" lowerCaseFontSize="8" mainFontSize="11" normCase="title" normString="Remarks" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">REMARKS</smallCapsWord>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D40BCE58C245F34F093" blockId="7.[130,777,1077,2028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
Because of great morphological variability, the taxonomy of the Pleistocene badgers is still frequently discussed and uncertain. Previously for the European Early and early Middle Pleistocene as a characteristic subspecies was regarded
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BCE78CA55FE7F2B0" authority="(Kormos, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Kormos" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[134,511,1236,1262]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="meles" subSpecies="atavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BCE78CA55F51F2B0" box="[134,329,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Meles meles atavus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BD368CA55FEFF2B0" author="KORMOS T." box="[343,503,1236,1262]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="223 - 247" refId="ref25542" refString="KORMOS T. 1914. - Drei neue Raubtiere aus den Praglazial-Schichten des Somlyohegy bei Puspokfurdo. Mitteilungen aus der Jahrbuche der Koniglichen Ungarischen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 22: 223 - 247." type="journal article" year="1914">Kormos, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BE708CA45CBFF2B0" author="KORMOS T." box="[529,679,1236,1263]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="223 - 247" refId="ref25542" refString="KORMOS T. 1914. - Drei neue Raubtiere aus den Praglazial-Schichten des Somlyohegy bei Puspokfurdo. Mitteilungen aus der Jahrbuche der Koniglichen Ungarischen Geologischen Reichsanstalt 22: 223 - 247." type="journal article" year="1914">Kormos 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BED68CA55EA5F350" author="WOLSAN M." pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="659 - 671" refId="ref28467" refString="WOLSAN M. 2001. - Remains of Meles hollitzeri (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Lower Pleistocene site of Untermassfeld. Monographien des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz 40: 659 - 671." type="journal article" year="2001">Wolsan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BCAC8C855C2EF350" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." box="[205,566,1268,1294]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BDD28C845FF0F350" box="[435,488,1268,1294]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). The form was determined as a distinct species on the vague feature of a presence of an additional cuspid between the protoconid and the hypoconid on m1. However, the presence or absence of this supernumerary cuspid is within the normal range of variation of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BD298DE55FBAF3F3" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[328,418,1427,1453]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BD298DE55FBAF3F3" box="[328,418,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was already questioned by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BCE38DC25F00F390" author="KRETZOI M." box="[130,280,1459,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="88 - 157" refId="ref25851" refString="KRETZOI M. 1938. - Die Raubtiere von Gombaszog nebst einer Ubersicht der Gesamtfauna (Ein Beitrag zur Stratigraphie des Altquartars). Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, pars mineralogica, geologica, paleontologica 31: 88 - 157." type="journal article" year="1938">Kretzoi (1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BD468DC55F72F390" author="KRETZOI M." box="[295,362,1460,1486]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="105 - 139" refId="ref25892" refString="KRETZOI M. 1941 a. - Weitere Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Fauna von Gombaszog. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici pars mineralogica, geologica, paleontological 34: 105 - 139." type="journal article" year="1941">1941a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b) and later by other authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BED68DC25EA4F3B3" author="WOLSAN M." pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="659 - 671" refId="ref28467" refString="WOLSAN M. 2001. - Remains of Meles hollitzeri (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Lower Pleistocene site of Untermassfeld. Monographien des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz 40: 659 - 671." type="journal article" year="2001">Wolsan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BCAA8DA25C31F3B3" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." box="[203,553,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BDCB8DA55FC6F3B3" box="[426,478,1491,1517]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BE358DA25D18F3B3" author="MARCISZAK A." box="[596,768,1491,1517]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" refId="ref26174" refString="MARCISZAK A. 2012. - Mustelids (Mustelidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) from the Pleistocene of Poland. Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Paleozoology, University of Wroclaw, 1076 p." type="book" year="2012">Marciszak 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BCE58D825F79F053" author="MARCISZAK A. & AMBROS D. & HILPERT B." box="[132,353,1523,1549]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="83 - 107" refId="ref26476" refString="MARCISZAK A., AMBROS D. & HILPERT B. 2021. - Mustelids from Sackdilling Cave (Bavaria, Germany) and their biostratigraphic significance. Geobios 68: 83 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2021.04.004" type="journal article" year="2021">
|
||
Marciszak
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BC958D855F3CF053" box="[244,292,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Cranial and mandibular characteristics have sometimes been used as diagnostic features for species determination (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BD518E425C26F013" author="ARRIBAS A. & GARRIDO G." box="[304,574,1587,1613]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="545 - 555" refId="ref22035" refString="ARRIBAS A. & GARRIDO G. 2007. - Meles iberica n. sp., a new Eurasian badger (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Fonelas P- 1 (Plio-Pleistocene boundary, Guadix Basin, Granada, Spain). Comptes Rendus Paleovol 6 (8): 545 - 555. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. crpv. 2007.06.002" type="journal article" year="2007">Arribas & Garrido 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These characters are sexually and ontogenetically highly variable and as such, these features should not be employed for taxonomic purposes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BCEC8EE25FEDF0F3" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." box="[141,501,1683,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BD138EE25FB1F0F3" box="[370,425,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BE458EE25D18F0F3" author="MECOZZI B. & COPPOLA D. & IURINO D. A. & SARDELLA R. & DE MARINIS M." box="[548,768,1683,1709]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref26654" refString="MECOZZI B., COPPOLA D., IURINO D. A., SARDELLA R. & DE MARINIS M. 2019. - The Late Pleistocene European badger Meles meles from Grotta Laceduzza (Brindisi, Apulia, Southern Italy): the analysis of the morphological and biometric variability. The Science of Nature 106 (5 - 6): 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 019 - 1604 - 2" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Mecozzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BEE98EE25CA6F0F3" box="[648,702,1683,1709]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mecozzi 2022).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAB36FFFFE21D40BCFA8EA35B72F211" blockId="7.[130,777,1077,2028]" lastBlockId="7.[811,1457,535,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">
|
||
The Hunas badger has a long but proportionally narrow tooth (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6960344FFE21D40BCB18E835F39F152" box="[208,289,1778,1804]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Comparison of size and main indexes of m1 of Meles meles(Linnaeus,1758) (different chronosubspecies) (data from Wolsan 2001; Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2011a, b; Marciszak 2012). The measurements are in millimetres." pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The tooth falls into the range variability of Early and early Middle Pleistocene and the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BEE98F625CF9F172" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[648,737,1810,1836]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BEE98F625CF9F172" box="[648,737,1810,1836]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In both dimensions the Hunas badger stayed closer to the mean of Early-Middle Pleistocene than to the mean of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BECA8F225D1DF132" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[683,773,1874,1900]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BECA8F225D1DF132" box="[683,773,1874,1900]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6960344FFE21D40BCEC8F035EC4F1D2" box="[141,220,1906,1932]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Comparison of size and main indexes of m1 of Meles meles(Linnaeus,1758) (different chronosubspecies) (data from Wolsan 2001; Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2011a, b; Marciszak 2012). The measurements are in millimetres." pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BC888F035C5AF1D2" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." box="[233,578,1906,1932]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BDA78F025FE0F1D2" box="[454,504,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also, the talonid breadth to the L m1 ratio of the Hunas badger (43.8) is closer to the mean of the Early Pleistocene (43.1) than to that of the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BCAA8FA35F3CF1B5" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[203,292,2001,2027]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BCAA8FA35F3CF1B5" box="[203,292,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(47.0) (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6960344FFE21D40BD1B8FA05FDFF1B2" box="[378,455,2001,2028]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="7.[132,143,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 3. — Comparison of size and main indexes of m1 of Meles meles(Linnaeus,1758) (different chronosubspecies) (data from Wolsan 2001; Madurell-Malapeira et al. 2011a, b; Marciszak 2012). The measurements are in millimetres." pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). This index demonstrated the presence in Hunas of a less evolved form, with elongated and narrower m1 and with a well-developed talonid. Of course, a single specimen cannot be regarded as a decisive factor, but signals the presence of an individual that is morphologically intermediate between the primitive features displayed by the Early and early Middle Pleistocene and the more progressive morphology of the extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40B85E8AA65A83F4AE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1087,1179,726,752]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B85E8AA65A83F4AE" box="[1087,1179,726,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40B8CB8AA75B20F4AE" author="WOLSAN M." box="[1194,1336,726,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="659 - 671" refId="ref28467" refString="WOLSAN M. 2001. - Remains of Meles hollitzeri (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Lower Pleistocene site of Untermassfeld. Monographien des Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz 40: 659 - 671." type="journal article" year="2001">Wolsan 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40B9258AA75A0DF54E" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BFFC8A865DD6F54E" box="[925,974,758,784]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b). Early and early Middle Pleistocene
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BF4A8B665D91F56E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[811,905,790,816]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BF4A8B665D5BF56E" box="[811,835,791,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BF328B675D91F56E" box="[851,905,790,816]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cannot be readily encompassed within the range of variation of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BF8F8B475A5FF50E" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1006,1095,822,848]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BF8F8B475A5FF50E" box="[1006,1095,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">M. meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40B8368B475BB0F50E" author="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ALBA D. M. & MARMI J. & AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S." box="[1111,1448,822,848]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="885 - 894" refId="ref26035" refString="MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ALBA D. M., MARMI J., AURELL J. & MOYA-SOLA S. 2011 a. - The taxonomic status of European Plio-Pleistocene badgers. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31 (5): 885 - 894. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.2011.589484" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Madurell-Malapeira
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B9508B475B7AF50E" box="[1329,1378,822,848]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40BF4C8B245A1FF52E" author="MECOZZI B. & COPPOLA D. & IURINO D. A. & SARDELLA R. & DE MARINIS M." box="[813,1031,853,880]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" pagination="5 - 6" refId="ref26654" refString="MECOZZI B., COPPOLA D., IURINO D. A., SARDELLA R. & DE MARINIS M. 2019. - The Late Pleistocene European badger Meles meles from Grotta Laceduzza (Brindisi, Apulia, Southern Italy): the analysis of the morphological and biometric variability. The Science of Nature 106 (5 - 6): 13. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00114 - 019 - 1604 - 2" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Mecozzi
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BFF18B275DDDF531" box="[912,965,853,879]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mecozzi 2022). The large number of extant badger subspecies can be explained by the long divergence during the Plio-Pleistocene and by the wide, Eurasian distribution.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BFD58BC45A3EF591" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[948,1062,949,975]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meles">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BFD58BC45A3EF591" box="[948,1062,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Meles meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared around 1.5 mya and became the only badger present in European sites. The radiation of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C144D7CFFE21D40BFF78B845DD7F251" authorityName="Brisson" authorityYear="1762" box="[918,975,1013,1039]" class="Mammalia" family="Mustelidae" genus="Meles" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40BFF78B845DD7F251" box="[918,975,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">Meles</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurred during the general climatic changes that took place during between the 2.6-2.2 mya and resulting environmental shifts across Eurasia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF854B0EFFE21D40B8D08C445B7AF211" author="FAGGI A. & BARTOLINI-LUCENTI S. & MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J. & ABRAMOV A. V. & PUZACHENKO A. Y. & JIANGZUO Q. & PEIRAN L. & ROOK L." box="[1201,1378,1077,1103]" pageId="7" pageNumber="344" refId="ref23445" refString="FAGGI A., BARTOLINI-LUCENTI S., MADURELL-MALAPEIRA J., ABRAMOV A. V., PUZACHENKO A. Y., JIANGZUO Q., PEIRAN L. & ROOK L. 2024. - Quaternary Eurasian badgers: intraspecific variability and species validity. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 31: 3. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10914 - 023 - 09696 - y" type="journal volume" year="2024">
|
||
Faggi
|
||
<emphasis id="B960EAEDFFE21D40B8918C475B3BF211" box="[1264,1315,1077,1103]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2024
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |