209 lines
17 KiB
XML
209 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C678A20AFF4AF83BFC745253" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros demissus K. Andersen 1909" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="241" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="241" updateTime="1658319070246" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810951" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433749" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810951" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C678A20AFF4AF83BFC745253" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C678A20AFF4AF83BFC745253" lastPageNumber="241" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<heading pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<subSubSection box="[178,255,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[176,1535,1953,2109]" box="[178,255,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<figureCitation box="[178,255,1953,2014]" captionStart="Plate 17: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="10.[179,222,4387,4416]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="24. Large-eared Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros megalotis), 25. Boeadi’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros boeadii), 26. Ha Long Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros alongensis), 27. Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros armiger), 28. Griffin’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffoni), 29. Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pendleburyi), 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis), 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis), 32. Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus), 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae), 34. Sorensen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorenseni), 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sumbae), 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei), 37. Pratt’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti), 38. Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares), 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus), 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema), 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops), 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus), 43. Amhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inomatus), 44. Indian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva), 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli), 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739812" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739812/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">39.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[281,912,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[176,1535,1953,2109]" box="[281,912,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<vernacularName box="[281,912,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<collectingRegion box="[281,478,1953,2014]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[976,1535,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[176,1535,1953,2109]" box="[976,1535,1953,2014]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[976,1535,1953,2014]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demissus">
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<emphasis box="[976,1535,1953,2014]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Hipposideros demissus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[176,1535,1953,2109]" box="[177,1502,2029,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,279,2031,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[291,581,2029,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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Phyllorhine de
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<collectingRegion box="[491,581,2029,2056]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[607,729,2031,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[741,1032,2029,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira-Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1058,1182,2031,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1194,1502,2029,2056]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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Hiposidérido de
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<collectingRegion box="[1415,1502,2029,2056]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="14.[176,1535,1953,2109]" box="[176,809,2082,2109]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[176,509,2084,2109]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[521,809,2082,2109]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<collectingRegion box="[521,611,2082,2109]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Roundleaf Bat
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</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[996,1792,2180,2747]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[996,1205,2180,2219]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1909" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposiderus" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demissus">Hipposiderus [sic] demissus K. Andersen, 1909</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[996,1792,2180,2747]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598369" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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“Yanuta, San Christoval [=
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<collectingCountry box="[1047,1424,2285,2324]" name="San Cristobal Island" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">San Cristobal Island</collectingCountry>
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],”
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<collectingCountry box="[1471,1781,2285,2324]" name="Solomon Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Solomon Islands</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[996,1792,2180,2747]" lastBlockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[997,1378,2339,2378]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demissus">Hipposideros demissus</taxonomicName>
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is in the
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1561,1706,2339,2378]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">diadema</taxonomicName>
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species group along (8 species). It was initially described as a distinct species. Subsequently, J. E. Hill in 1963 and. J. Phillips in 1967 suggested reclassifying it as a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[1202,1414,2603,2642]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">H. diadema</taxonomicName>
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, but more recently D.J. Kitchener and colleagues in 1992 and T. F. Flannery in 1995 supported the status of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[234,449,2761,2800]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demissus">H. demissus</taxonomicName>
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as a separate species, based on its noticeably distinct morphological traits. In addition, T. H. Lavery and colleagues in 2014 found strong genetic differences between
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire" baseAuthorityYear="1813" box="[474,684,2866,2905]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diadema">H. diadema</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1909" box="[787,1001,2866,2905]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="demissus">H. demissus</taxonomicName>
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, and recommended that further genetic analyses of these taxa were required to clarify their taxonomy. Monotypic.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[178,1397,2971,3010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3749113" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3749113" box="[178,1397,2971,3010]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3749113/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" startId="14.[178,409,2971,3010]" targetBox="[174,966,2173,2737]" targetPageId="14">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" box="[178,1397,2971,3010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,416,2971,3010]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Endemic to Makira (=
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<collectingCountry box="[855,1109,2971,3010]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">San Cristobal</collectingCountry>
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) I, Solomon Is.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,516,3022,3061]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 64*8-70*
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<quantity box="[928,1039,3022,3061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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, tail 34*1-42*
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<quantity box="[1295,1410,3022,3061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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, ear 20*6-24*
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<quantity box="[1669,1781,3022,3061]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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, forearm 66*
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<quantity box="[403,512,3074,3113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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; weight
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<quantity box="[666,746,3074,3113]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="241" unit="g" value="27.0">27 g</quantity>
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. Ears of the
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<collectingRegion box="[976,1109,3074,3113]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat are large, triangular, and slightly concave below tips. Posterior noseleaf has three pairs of supplementary lateral leaflets. In central part of intermediate noseleaf there is a small protuberance. Posterior noseleaf has a semicircular upper margin and there are four cells on frontal surface, divided by three vertical septa. Tail is long, surpassing uropatagium. In adult males, pelage is yellowish-brownish or greyish on dorsum, with whitish coloration in central portion of each hair. In adult females, pelage can be bright orange. Ventral part is slighdy paler.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,330,3497,3536]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Habitat.</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingRegion box="[432,566,3497,3536]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat has been reported in caves, along streams, in secondary forest, and also in disturbed habitats such as cacao plantations.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[178,535,3602,3641]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingRegion box="[639,772,3602,3641]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat may forage in both disturbed and undisturbed habitats and its diet is probably based on insects.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,362,3707,3746]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Breeding.</emphasis>
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Breeding biology of the
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<collectingRegion box="[855,990,3707,3746]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat is still unknown. o date, only a few breeding colonies have been reported, all of them in caves.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[177,499,3813,3852]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingRegion box="[602,737,3813,3852]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in caves. The F part of its echolocation call is 69*3 kHz.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[179,1131,3918,3957]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The
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<collectingRegion box="[1237,1371,3918,3957]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat is gregarious, forming large groups at some roosts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[180,657,4022,4061]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Vulnerable on 77ze IUCN Red List due to its restricted range. Population trends of this species are unknown. One of its major threats might be the disturbance of its roosts. Cyclones are also suspected of being a threat to this species. More research focused on the
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<collectingRegion box="[1000,1134,4180,4219]" country="Solomon Islands" name="Makira" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Makira</collectingRegion>
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Leaf-nosed Bat is needed in order to assess its ecology and threats adequately.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="241" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="14.[177,1791,2761,4373]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[181,389,4291,4320]" pageId="14" pageNumber="241">Bibliography.</emphasis>
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Davies et al. (2016), Flannery (1995a), Hamilton (2008b), Hill (1963a), Kitchener, How, Cooper & Suyanto (1992), Lavery et al. (2014), Phillips (1967).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |