209 lines
19 KiB
XML
209 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d" ID-ISBN="978-84-16728-19-0" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3739808" approvalRequired="13" approvalRequired_for_treatments="13" checkinTime="1585778501182" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2019" docId="03BD87A2C660A212F8A5FB65F7915168" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_9_Hipposideridae_210.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Hipposideros ater Templeton 1848" docType="treatment" docVersion="17" lastPageNumber="249" masterDocId="FF84FFDAC676A204FFF8FF9AFFEF4346" masterDocTitle="Hipposideridae" masterLastPageNumber="258" masterPageNumber="227" pageNumber="249" updateTime="1658321659381" updateUser="diego">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Hipposideridae</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:originInfo>
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<mods:dateIssued>2019</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther type="pubDate">2019-10-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher>Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:place>
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<mods:placeTerm>Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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</mods:place>
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</mods:originInfo>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>227</mods:start>
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<mods:end>258</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>book chapter</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739808</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">b7e93c79-44a6-4d9c-8b78-dcb62033fb0d</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISBN">978-84-16728-19-0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3739808</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3810823" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163433806" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3810823" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BD87A2C660A212F8A5FB65F7915168" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BD87A2C660A212F8A5FB65F7915168" lastPageNumber="249" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<heading pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<subSubSection box="[1885,1963,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="multiple">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1881,3208,1279,1440]" box="[1885,1963,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<figureCitation box="[1885,1963,1279,1340]" captionStart="Plate 18: Hipposideridae" captionStartId="18.[172,215,4473,4502]" captionTargetBox="[0,3699,0,4866]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="47. Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros curtus), 49. Aellen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros marisae), 50. Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros speoris), 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus), 52. Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ceruinus), 53. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi), 54. Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus), 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae), 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus), 57. Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffer), 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfuliginosus), 59. Lamotte’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei), 60. Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber), 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros tephrus), 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ater), 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros bicolor), 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps), 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cineraceus), 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3739814" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3739814/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">62.</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[1986,2592,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1881,3208,1279,1440]" box="[1986,2592,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<vernacularName box="[1986,2592,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2657,3095,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1881,3208,1279,1440]" box="[2657,3095,1279,1340]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Templeton" authorityYear="1848" box="[2657,3095,1279,1340]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">
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<emphasis box="[2657,3095,1279,1340]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Hipposideros ater</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1881,3208,1279,1440]" box="[1883,3208,1355,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1883,1986,1357,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[1997,2256,1355,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Phyllorhine sombre</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2284,2408,1357,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">German:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2418,2714,1355,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Dunkle Rundblattnase</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2740,2864,1357,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2876,3208,1355,1382]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Hiposidérido sombreado</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1881,3208,1279,1440]" box="[1882,2870,1408,1435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1882,2216,1410,1435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName box="[2228,2569,1408,1435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat</vernacularName>
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,
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<vernacularName box="[2586,2870,1408,1435]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Dusky Roundleaf Bat</vernacularName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</heading>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[2703,3506,1509,2077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[2704,2915,1509,1548]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Templeton, 1848" authorityName="Templeton" authorityYear="1848" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">Hipposideros ater Templeton, 1848</taxonomicName>
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,
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[2819,3246,1562,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[2703,3506,1509,2077]" box="[2819,3246,1562,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3753598346" box="[2819,3246,1562,1601]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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“Colombo,”
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<collectingCountry box="[3054,3240,1562,1601]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[2703,3506,1509,2077]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Templeton" authorityYear="1848" box="[2705,3022,1615,1654]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">Hipposideros ater</taxonomicName>
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was formerly included in the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Temminck" authorityYear="1834" box="[2852,2965,1668,1707]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">bicolor</taxonomicName>
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species group, but is now placed in the new
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Templeton" authorityYear="1848" box="[3077,3146,1721,1760]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ater">ater</taxonomicName>
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species group (13 species). Phylogenetic analyses suggested specimens referred to this species from throughout the range include cryptic species; e.g. in Borneo, and further revision of this widespread species is needed. Seven subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="distribution">
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6470435" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6470435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6470435/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" startId="22.[1880,2089,2090,2129]" targetBox="[1878,2673,1512,2070]" targetPageId="22">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" box="[1880,2419,2090,2129]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1880,2419,2090,2129]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" box="[1880,2808,2143,2182]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority="Templeton, 1848" authorityName="Templeton" authorityYear="1848" box="[1880,2378,2143,2182]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="ater">H.a.aterTempleton,1848-IndiaandSriLanka.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" box="[1880,2851,2194,2233]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1871" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1871" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[1880,2426,2194,2233]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="amboinensis">H.a.amboinensisPeters,1871—AmbonI,Moluccas.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" box="[1880,2641,2249,2288]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority="Peters, 1861" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1861" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[1880,2371,2249,2288]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="antricola">H.a.antricolaPeters,1861—Philippines.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority=". E. Gray, 1858" authorityName=". E. Gray" authorityYear="1858" box="[1880,2417,2302,2341]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="aruensisj">H.a.aruensisj.E.Gray,1858—NewGuinea,BismarckArchipelago,WoodlarkI,andEAustralia(Queensland).</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority="D. H. Johnson, 1959" authorityName="Johnson" authorityYear="1959" box="[1880,2523,2407,2446]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="gilberti">H.a.gilbertiD.H.Johnson,1959-WesternAustraliaandNorthernTerritory,Australia.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority=". Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu, 2006" authorityName=". Srinivasulu & B. Srinivasulu" authorityYear="2006" box="[1879,2993,2513,2552]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="naUamalaensis">H.a.naUamalaensis.Srinivasulu&B.Srinivasulu,2006-EasternGhats,AndhraPradesh,India.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<taxonomicName authority="K. Andersen, 1918" authorityName="K. Andersen" authorityYear="1918" box="[1879,2459,2619,2658]" class="Mammalia" family="Hipposideridae" genus="Hipposideros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="249" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ater" subSpecies="saevus">H. a. saevus K. Andersen, 1918</taxonomicName>
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-Myanmar S to Peninsular
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<collectingCountry box="[3004,3168,2619,2658]" name="Malaysia" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[3188,3351,2619,2658]" country="Indonesia" name="Sumatera Utara" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Sumatra</collectingRegion>
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, N Borneo,
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<collectingRegion box="[1967,2052,2672,2711]" country="Indonesia" name="Jawa Timur" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Java</collectingRegion>
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, Lesser Sunda Is (
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<collectingRegion box="[2400,2475,2672,2711]" country="Indonesia" name="Bali" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Bali</collectingRegion>
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and Lombok),
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<collectingRegion box="[2777,2939,2672,2711]" country="Indonesia" name="Sulawesi Utara" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Sulawesi</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry box="[2959,3140,2672,2711]" name="Indonesia" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Moluccas</collectingCountry>
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, and Kai Is. Range of this subspecies is tentative and needs revision.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1878,2218,2776,2815]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 35-45 mm, tail 17-28 mm, forearm 17-43 mm; weight 4-5-10 g. Forearm length variable between populations, 34-38 mm (Indian subcontinent) and 36-43 mm (
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<collectingCountry box="[2308,2683,2882,2921]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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). Noseleaf of the Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat has no supplementary leaflet. Shape of intemarial septum varies between populations, from triangular to parallel-sided, or a swollen bump. Pelage color is variable from dull yellow to golden-orange to gray to dark brown; base of hair is paler than tip. Skull is small; sagittal crest is present but not well developed. P4 is small and extruded from tooth row. Baculum is a very small, thin, straight shaft with simple blunt base and tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Habitat The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps, understory of rainforest, dry evergreen forest, and secondary forest.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="food_feeding">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1876,2238,3357,3396]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat combines aerial-hawking and foliagegleaning tactics to find insect prey. Its known diet includes beetles, moths, gnats, and mosquitoes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="breeding">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1876,2060,3515,3554]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Breeding.</emphasis>
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In
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<collectingCountry box="[2124,2227,3515,3554]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">India</collectingCountry>
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, females were found pregnant in mid-November to mid-December and gave birth to a single offspring from late May to June, continuing to lactate until mid-August. Females reach sexual maturity within one year. In
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<collectingCountry box="[3102,3292,3620,3659]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
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, pregnant females were captured in mid-March. In
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<collectingCountry box="[2661,3033,3673,3712]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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, pregnant females were found in late October, and a young was found in early December. In
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<collectingCountry box="[3208,3382,3725,3764]" name="Australia" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, newborn young were observed in October-November. Individual males can be found at maternity roosts.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="activity">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1873,2198,3883,3922]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat emerges rather late in the evening and flies low down. It roosts in caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, abandoned mines or hollow trees. During the day, it spends time grooming and cleaning fur and membranes. Call frequency of F segment is 163-169 kHz in
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<collectingCountry box="[3036,3140,4041,4080]" name="India" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">India</collectingCountry>
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, and 154-164 kHz in
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<collectingCountry box="[1925,2293,4094,4133]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1874,2837,4147,4186]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
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The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat roosts singly (particularly males), or in small groups, in caves, with numbers of up to a few hundred individuals; bats maintain a space of c.lO cm from each other. The species can share a roost with other bat species, but tends to hang apart from them.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="conservation">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1874,2343,4356,4395]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
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Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List. The Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat is a widespread species and is found in several protected areas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="249" type="bibRefCitation_list">
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<paragraph blockId="22.[1873,3500,2090,4654]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1875,2081,4467,4496]" pageId="22" pageNumber="249">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Bates & Harrison (1997), Bonaccorso (1998), Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Helgen, Bates, Gumal, Heaney eta/. (2008), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Satasook et al. (2011), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Murray et al. (2010), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Simmons (2005), Srinivasulu & Srinivasulu (2006).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |