treatments-xml/data/03/F5/43/03F54361FF97FFA0E68BD56DBD9668E1.xml

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<mods:title>An annotated checklist of the South African Acanthodrilidae (Oligochaeta: Acanthodrilidae: Acanthodrilinae, Benhamiinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1913" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,580,834,859]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,368,834,859]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota knysnanus</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 
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—species dubia
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<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1913a: 528" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="528" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,591,906,928]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[151,339,906,928]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota knysnanus</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[345,591,906,928]" page="528" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[345,540,906,928]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 a) Die Oligochaeten des Kaplandes. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 34, 473 - 556." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">
Michaelsen, 
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a
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: 
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.
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<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen 1913b: 58" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="58" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,580,937,959]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[151,339,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota knysnanus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[352,580,937,959]" page="58" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[352,542,937,959]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 b) Report upon the Oligochaeta in the South African Museum at Cape Town. Annals of the South African Museum, 13, 43 - 62." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="b">
Michaelsen 
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b
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[552,580,937,959]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="58.0">58</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Reynolds" box="[590,883,937,959]" page="114" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[590,834,937,959]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">
Reynolds &amp; Cook 
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</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[843,883,938,959]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="114.0">114</number>
</treatmentCitation>
. 
<taxonomicName authority="Beddard, 1897: 342" authorityName="Beddard" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,532,968,990]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis box="[151,309,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota sclateri</emphasis>
(
<treatmentCitation author="Beddard" box="[322,525,968,990]" page="342" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1897">
<bibRefCitation author="Beddard" box="[322,525,968,990]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Beddard, F. E. (1897) On a collection of earthworms from South Africa belonging to the genus Acanthodrilus. With an Appendix: on a new genus of earthworms belonging to the family Eudrilidae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1897, 336 - 349." type="proceedings paper" year="1897">
Beddard, 
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: 
<number box="[486,525,968,990]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="342.0">342</number>
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</treatmentCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
[for the specimen redescribed as 
<taxonomicName box="[873,1061,968,990]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[873,1061,968,990]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota knysnanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]: 
<treatmentCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[1082,1328,968,990]" page="528" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1913">
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[1082,1277,968,990]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 a) Die Oligochaeten des Kaplandes. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 34, 473 - 556." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">
Michaelsen, 
<number box="[1212,1266,968,989]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1913.0">1913</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[1287,1328,968,990]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="528.0">528</number>
</treatmentCitation>
. ?? 
<taxonomicName authority="Beddard, 1897: 342" authorityName="Beddard" authorityPageNumber="342" authorityYear="1897" box="[180,612,998,1021]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Acanthodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis box="[180,405,999,1021]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Acanthodrilus sclateri</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Beddard" box="[411,612,998,1020]" page="342" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1897">
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Beddard, 
<number box="[510,564,999,1020]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1897.0">1897</number>
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[574,612,999,1020]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="342.0">342</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis box="[627,694,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">partim</emphasis>
]: 
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<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[716,905,998,1020]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1913 a) Die Oligochaeten des Kaplandes. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 34, 473 - 556." type="journal article" year="1913" yearSuffix="a">
Michaelsen 
<number box="[839,893,999,1020]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1913.0">1913</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[914,955,998,1020]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="528.0">528</number>
</treatmentCitation>
. ?? 
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen 1900: 148" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityPageNumber="148" authorityYear="1900" box="[180,579,1029,1051]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis box="[180,338,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota sclateri</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[351,579,1029,1051]" page="148" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1900">
<bibRefCitation author="Michaelsen" box="[351,528,1029,1051]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. In: Das Tierreich. Lief. 10. Berlin: R. Friedlander &amp; Sohn, 575 pp." type="book" year="1900">
Michaelsen 
<number box="[474,528,1029,1050]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1900.0">1900</number>
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[538,579,1029,1050]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="148.0">148</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1332,906,1143]" box="[151,689,1059,1082]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,689,1059,1082]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authority="Reynolds &amp; Cook 1976: 169" authorityName="Reynolds &amp; Cook" authorityPageNumber="169" authorityYear="1976" box="[151,686,1059,1082]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Acanthodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis box="[151,385,1060,1082]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Acanthodrilus sclateri:</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation author="Reynolds" box="[391,686,1059,1081]" page="169" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[391,635,1059,1081]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">
Reynolds &amp; Cook 
<number box="[581,635,1059,1081]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1976.0">1976</number>
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[645,686,1059,1081]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="169.0">169</number>
</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1332,906,1143]" box="[151,786,1090,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,786,1090,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1913" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,574,1090,1112]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[151,384,1090,1112]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Parachilota knysnanus</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 
<number box="[519,574,1091,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1913.0">1913</number>
</taxonomicName>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Pickford" box="[583,781,1090,1112]" page="258" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" box="[583,732,1090,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford 
<number box="[677,732,1091,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1937.0">1937</number>
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[740,781,1090,1112]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="258.0">258</number>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1332,906,1143]" box="[151,902,1121,1143]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,902,1121,1143]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName authority="Pickford 1937: 258" authorityName="Pickford" authorityPageNumber="258" authorityYear="1937" box="[151,595,1121,1143]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[151,383,1121,1143]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Parachilota knysnanus</emphasis>
: 
<treatmentCitation author="Pickford" box="[397,595,1121,1143]" page="258" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1937">
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" box="[397,545,1121,1143]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford 
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</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[554,595,1121,1143]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="258.0">258</number>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<treatmentCitation author="Reynolds" box="[606,899,1121,1143]" page="114" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation author="Reynolds" box="[606,849,1121,1143]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Reynolds J. W. &amp; Cook, D. G. (1976) Nomenclatura Oligochaetologica. A catalogue of names, descriptions and type specimens of the Oligochaeta. Ottawa: Runge Press. 217 pp." type="book" year="1976">
Reynolds &amp; Cook 
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</bibRefCitation>
: 
<number box="[859,899,1122,1143]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="114.0">114</number>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,614,1187,1213]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1187,1680]" box="[151,614,1187,1213]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,309,1187,1212]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus box="[151,210,1188,1212]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry box="[316,373,1188,1212]" name="South Africa" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<collectionCode box="[316,373,1188,1212]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">RSA</collectionCode>
</collectingCountry>
, WC: Knysna Forest.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="47" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="47.[151,1436,1187,1680]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,308,1224,1248]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Remarks</emphasis>
. In sample ‘ 
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<number box="[508,550,1223,1247]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="355.0">355</number>
SAMC’ there are fragments of a specimen from ‘ 
<emphasis box="[1103,1420,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
ex typis 
<taxonomicName box="[1194,1308,1224,1248]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Acanthodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sclateri">A. sclateri</taxonomicName>
sp. inquir
</emphasis>
.’ (
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" box="[158,381,1260,1284]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford 
<number box="[264,324,1260,1284]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1937.0">1937</number>
: 
<number box="[335,381,1260,1284]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="259.0">259</number>
</bibRefCitation>
). 
<collectionCode box="[400,484,1261,1284]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">BMNH</collectionCode>
<number box="[492,571,1260,1284]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1938.7">1938.7</number>
. 
<number box="[574,653,1260,1284]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1.1009">1.1009</number>
contains fragments of Michaelsen’s material enriched by pieces from the specimen collected by Pickford (according to two labels inserted in the jar and notes drawn on the jar). 
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford (
<number box="[159,220,1332,1356]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1937.0">1937</number>
: 
<number box="[232,275,1332,1356]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="259.0">259</number>
)
</bibRefCitation>
examined fragments of 
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1913" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1913" box="[561,979,1332,1356]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[561,770,1332,1356]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Chilota knysnanus</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 
<number box="[923,979,1332,1356]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1913.0">1913</number>
</taxonomicName>
(into which fragments of 
<taxonomicName class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Acanthodrilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sclateri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Acanthodrilus sclateri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[246,294,1369,1393]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
specimen had been included by Michaelsen) together with a semi-mature specimen collected by herself in the vicinity of the 
<typeStatus box="[467,515,1405,1429]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
locality of 
<taxonomicName box="[643,805,1404,1428]" class="Clitellata" family="Megascolecidae" genus="Chilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opisthopora" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[643,805,1404,1428]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">
<collectingCountry box="[643,679,1404,1428]" name="Switzerland" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Ch</collectingCountry>
. knysnanus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and she re-assigned the studied material as 
<taxonomicName authority="Michaelsen, 1913" authorityName="Michaelsen" authorityYear="1913" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">Parachilota knysnanus</emphasis>
Michaelsen, 
<number box="[433,492,1439,1463]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1913.0">1913</number>
</taxonomicName>
. Pickford described species characters observed on the semi-mature specimen collected by her in the vicinity of 
<taxonomicName box="[543,660,1476,1500]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[543,660,1476,1500]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">knysnanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus box="[668,716,1477,1501]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
locality. Considering that the characters described by 
<bibRefCitation author="Pickford" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" refString="Pickford, G. E. (1937) A monograph of the Acanthodriline earthworms of South Africa. Cambridge: W. Heffer &amp; Sons Ltd. 612 pp." type="book" year="1937">
Pickford (
<number box="[159,220,1512,1536]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="1937.0">1937</number>
: 
<number box="[233,334,1512,1536]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" value="260.5" valueMax="262.0" valueMin="259.0">259–262</number>
; dimensions, shape of spermatheca and its diverticulum, penial setae ornamentation)
</bibRefCitation>
were taken from the new specimen or from fragments of the original and mixed material, the taxonomic status of 
<taxonomicName box="[1319,1436,1548,1572]" class="Clitellata" family="Acanthodrilidae" genus="Parachilota" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crassiclitellata" pageId="47" pageNumber="51" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="knysnanus">
<emphasis box="[1319,1436,1548,1572]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">knysnanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
remains uncertain. Re-examination (possibly by other than conventional methods) of all existing 
<typeStatus box="[1235,1283,1585,1609]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
material, and examination, if possible, of some new material collected at the 
<typeStatus box="[870,918,1621,1645]" pageId="47" pageNumber="51">type</typeStatus>
locality, would be necessary to revalidate the species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>