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<document id="8AF203ACD8F4C8E4029A87F5E28984DD" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10979515" ID-ZooBank=":pub:D3D3B15B-36FA-42EB-98AD-FAF369D" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711485825671" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gracia, Carlos De, Correa-Metrio, Alex, Carvalho, Monica, Velez-Juarbe, Jorge, P ̆ rik, Tom ́ a ̆ s, , Carlos Jarami &amp; Kri, nd Jurgen" docDate="2022" docId="03CA87C46F278202FEB1FB86FECC2088" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.20.1.1-36.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2091959) 20 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2022.2091959" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571.1:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="6400638016C1F4AE0D0B6502E032D571" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Spathochoira Gracia &amp; Correa-Metrio &amp; Carvalho &amp; Velez-Juarbe &amp; P̆rik &amp; &amp; Kri 2022, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="13" masterDocId="FFF3FFBC6F2A820FFF99FF8CFF88256D" masterDocTitle="Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1713274829025" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="85B3B72D632D354041768A2AD9F290BC">Towards a unifying systematic scheme of fossil and living billfishes (Teleostei, Istiophoridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8A3800DF4366A7D1BDA5B361A9561E47">Gracia, Carlos De</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="C5ACEFCA1FE525E49B704287A682E87A">Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef Holaubek Platz 2 (UZA II) / 2 A 323, 1090, Vienna, Austria; &amp; Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; &amp; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843 - 03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C631A180990D68F8DFF3DACB5881C295">Correa-Metrio, Alex</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="1582EB205AE7707830E84C1068FD2A5B">Centro de Geociencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M ́ exico, Campus Juriquilla, Quer ́ etaro 76230, Mexico; &amp; Instituto de Geolog ́ ıa, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M ́ exico, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, M ́ exico, D. F., Mexico;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2400508A983A0D188428769859B7E622">Carvalho, Monica</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4BE2DF4371F5186C58C1609E7487711D">Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Box 0843 - 03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama, Republic of Panama;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD3DC33D0FF3839C758CBE22441496C7">Velez-Juarbe, Jorge</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4472237FF2902400E03FA765867A3B37">Department of Mammalogy, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Country, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA; &amp; Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="840BE65E7672C9D771CEE0CCD390A96F">P ̆ rik, Tom ́ a ̆ s</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A6993A94A741B9344E0626ACB6DF7CC">, Carlos Jarami</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="FAF4715DA77B3401C4EA3BD9DE9DF06D">Kri, nd Jurgen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="48C29361BD5E19A8A63A49A2EE921776">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EECA9EFA499DB37B4CEED3665659BED5">2022-08-19</mods:number>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F278202FEB1FB86FD0C214C" box="[296,644,1034,1058]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F278202FEB1FB86FD0C214C" blockId="13.[296,644,1034,1058]" box="[296,644,1034,1058]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
<heading id="D09481BE6F278202FEB1FB86FD0C214C" box="[296,644,1034,1058]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" reason="8">
Genus †
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F278202FE1BFB86FD9E214C" authority="Gracia &amp; Correa-Metrio &amp; Carvalho &amp; Velez-Juarbe &amp; P̆rik &amp; &amp; Kri, 2022" authorityName="Gracia &amp; Correa-Metrio &amp; Carvalho &amp; Velez-Juarbe &amp; P̆rik &amp; &amp; Kri" authorityYear="2022" box="[386,534,1034,1057]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Spathochoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FE1BFB86FD9E214C" bold="true" box="[386,534,1034,1057]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Spathochoira</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457BB6F278202FD86FB86FD0C214C" box="[543,644,1034,1057]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F278202FF06FBD6FEB121FF" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F278202FF06FBD6FEB121FF" blockId="13.[159,781,1114,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FF06FBD6FEC8211C" bold="true" box="[159,320,1114,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
<typeStatus id="54D888706F278202FF06FBD6FF51211C" box="[159,217,1114,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C634D516F278202FEC7FBD6FDF0211C" authorityName="Gracia &amp; Correa-Metrio &amp; Carvalho &amp; Velez-Juarbe &amp; P̆rik &amp; &amp; Kri" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Berry" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[350,632,1114,1137]" family="Istiophoridae" genus="Spathochoira" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calvertense" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FEC7FBD6FDF0211C" box="[350,632,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Spathochoira calvertense</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22457BB6F278202FD12FBD6FC85211C" box="[651,781,1114,1137]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF24B236F278202FF3FFBF7FEA121FF" author="Berry, E. W." box="[166,297,1147,1170]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" pagination="461 - 464" refId="ref23803" refString="Berry, E. W. 1917. A sail fish from the Virginia Miocene. American Journal of Science, 43, 461 - 464." type="journal article" year="1917">Berry, 1917</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FF06FB27FE9C21AF" bold="true" box="[159,276,1195,1218]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
As for the species by monotypy.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F278202FF06FB57FEBE20F9" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F278202FF06FB57FEBE20F9" blockId="13.[159,781,1243,1428]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FF06FB57FE01219F" bold="true" box="[159,393,1243,1266]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Derivation of name.</emphasis>
The taxon name is formed by the combination of the Latin word
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FDD0FB77FD18207F" box="[585,656,1275,1298]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">spatha</emphasis>
meaning sword and the Greek word
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FD98FA90FDD9205E" box="[513,593,1308,1331]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">choiros</emphasis>
meaning pig, because of the characteristic cross-section at 0.5 L (
<figureCitation id="13582A576F278202FD7AFAB0FF3F2019" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="19.[159,226,1672,1693]" captionTargetBox="[165,779,192,1654]" captionTargetId="figure-292@19.[161,779,188,1654]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Figure 9. AE, Cross-sections of fossil istiophorids. †Prototetrapturus courcelli gen. et. comb. nov. (MNHN P250): A, cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum; B, crosssection at 92 mm measured from its proximal end; C, crosssection at 139 mm measured from its proximal end; D, crosssection at 200mm measured from its proximal end; E, crosssection at 260 mm measured from its proximal end, F, †Makaira purdyi (USNM 481933), cross-section at 0.25 L distance. G, †Makaira panamense (USNM 481933), cross-section approximately at 0.5L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation state). H, I, N, †Makaira belgica, MAUL 917/1; H, cross-section at 0.5L and I, 0.25 L distance; IRSNB P117; N, cross-section at 0.25 L distance (prenasal sutures are not shown due to the poor preservation). J, K, †Spathochoira calvertense gen et. comb. nov. (USNM 9344) at J, 0.5 L and K, 0.25 L; L, M, extant I. platypterus at L, 0.5L and M, 0.25 L; O, †Xiphiorhynchus solidus (IRSNB P643), cross-section at the proximal end of the rostrum. Dashed lines show reconstruction of missing sections. The black arrow in I, shows the dorsal placement of the internal canals. In J, K, the arrows show the ventral external canal in cross-section at 0.5 L and 0.25L distance. Scale bars = 1 cm." pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Fig. 9J</figureCitation>
), which superficially resembles the nose of a pig in anterior view.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C37965596F278202FF06FA21FECC2088" pageId="13" pageNumber="13" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BDC36D26F278202FF06FA21FECC2088" blockId="13.[159,781,1453,1509]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="B917EAC06F278202FF06FA21FEA320A9" bold="true" box="[159,299,1453,1476]" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Late Miocene, Eastover Formation,
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8306F278202FF06FA42FF732088" box="[159,251,1486,1509]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">Virginia</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F37476426F278202FE9EFA42FEC82088" box="[263,320,1486,1509]" name="United States of America" pageId="13" pageNumber="13">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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