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<document id="43551C62668D1F04736B15FAB367D4F4" ID-CLB-Dataset="29367" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4486.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="de2f897b-3d16-4bcd-99a7-fb46a61b5bd1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1442168" ID-ZooBank="7652EE8A-437B-4A61-ACF6-4A3BF6553808" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1538406769457" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Vondráček, Dominik, Hadjiconstantis, Michael &amp; Šípek, Petr" docDate="2018" docId="03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4486.4.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4486 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Oxythyrea abigail Reiche &amp; Saulcy 1856" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="417" masterDocId="FFF3FFE56230660F4330FF8FFF93FFFB" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus" masterLastPageNumber="434" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="417" updateTime="1698562072066" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="E27C5845BCCD4E9C86FBC5E7441C18EF">Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7EF8A94342E95EDD29423C93E097E018">Vondráček, Dominik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D6D1768587C80FB7EB6BDBA6DAFF53C9">Hadjiconstantis, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="624CE96335E9B1F75173DAD4BBCF5F50">Šípek, Petr</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="53F53DC2829726154DA1AEF1B5C4D3CB">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C4CF92271B07B91F9670FC3AF62F3A4A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F70251C787F205C622E351984E83AEF3">4486</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5970893" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148425491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5970893" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9" lastPageNumber="417" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<subSubSection id="C37965006220661F43A7FF53FCEAFEEC" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BDC368B6220661F43A7FF53FD1EFF0D" blockId="16.[151,889,220,279]" box="[151,653,220,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<heading id="D09481E76220661F43A7FF53FD1EFF0D" bold="true" box="[151,653,220,246]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C634D086220661F43A7FF53FD1EFF0D" ID-CoL="92YTL" authority="Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1856" authorityName="Reiche &amp; Saulcy" authorityYear="1856" box="[151,653,220,246]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Oxythyrea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abigail">
<emphasis id="B917EA996220661F43A7FF53FD1EFF0D" bold="true" box="[151,653,220,246]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<emphasis id="B917EA996220661F43A7FF53FEFCFF0D" bold="true" box="[151,367,220,246]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Oxythyrea abigail</emphasis>
Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1856
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC368B6220661F43A7FF71FCEAFEEC" blockId="16.[151,889,220,279]" box="[151,889,254,279]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD66220661F43A7FF71FCEAFEEC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913894005" box="[151,889,254,279]" location="A" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="A">
<emphasis id="B917EA996220661F43A7FF71FF33FEEC" bold="true" box="[151,160,254,279]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">(</emphasis>
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F4390FF71FE97FEEC" box="[160,260,254,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1961,1983]" captionTargetBox="[186,1402,493,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[166,1402,480,1930]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3a–i. Habitus of third instar Oxythyrea larvae. a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442174/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
Figs. 3
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F43DCFF70FE97FEEC" box="[236,260,255,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F423FFF70FEDEFEED" box="[271,333,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1906,1928]" captionTargetBox="[192,1405,223,1831]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[184,1408,193,1886]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4a–r. Cranium of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (a–i) and antenna of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal aspect (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 1 mm (a–i); 0.5 mm (j–r)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442176/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
4
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F422EFF70FEA7FEEC" box="[286,308,255,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
, J
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F4269FF71FE04FEED" box="[345,407,254,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1821,1843]" captionTargetBox="[169,1436,274,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,246,1777]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5a–r. Epipharynx of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (a–i) and antenna of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral aspect (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442178/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
5
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F4257FF71FEEDFEEC" box="[359,382,254,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
, J
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F4293FF71FE72FEED" box="[419,481,254,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,193,1888]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[162,1426,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6a–q. Maxillo-labial complex of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal view (a–i) and maxillary stridulatory teeth of third instar Oxythyrea larvae (j–q). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. subcalva; q, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (a–i)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442180/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
6
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F4281FF71FE54FEEC" box="[433,455,254,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
, J
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F42DDFF70FDA7FEEC" box="[493,564,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1936,1958]" captionTargetBox="[203,1411,207,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1429,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7a–l. Left mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal, medial and ventral view (a–f) and maxillo-labial complex of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral view (g–l). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. abigail; h, O. albopicta; i, O. cinctella; j, O. dulcis; k, O. funesta; l, O. noemi. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442184/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
7
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F42CBFF70FD81FEEC" box="[507,530,255,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
, G
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F4170FF70FDEDFEED" box="[576,638,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1908,1930]" captionTargetBox="[208,1371,223,1864]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[178,1402,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8a–l. Left mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, dorsal, medial and ventral view (a–c), right mandible of third instar Oxythyrea larvae: ventral, medial and dorsal view (d–f), maxillo-labial complex of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral view (g–i) and metathoracic leg (j–l). a, O. pantherina; b, O. subcalva; c, O. tripolitana; d, O. abigail; e, O. albopicta; f, O. cinctella; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442186/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">8D, J</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F41BAFF70FD45FEED" box="[650,726,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[224,1362,193,1870]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[224,1362,193,1870]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10a–r. Last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, ventral view (a–i) and last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, detail of raster (j–r). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. noemi; p, O. pantherina; q, O. subcalva; r, O. tripolitana. Scale bars = 1 mm (a–i)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442190/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
10
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F4196FF70FD2EFEEC" box="[678,701,255,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
, J
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F41D2FF70FC86FEEC" box="[738,789,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1903,1925]" captionTargetBox="[161,1436,249,1852]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[151,1436,193,1881]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11a–m. Last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, lateral view (a–i) and last abdominal segment of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, posterior view (j–m). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. albopicta; k, O. cinctella; l, O. dulcis; m, O. funesta. Scale bars = 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442192/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
11
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F41CDFF70FC86FEEC" box="[765,789,255,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="13582A0E6220661F4010FF70FCE2FEEC" box="[800,881,255,279]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1504,1526]" captionTargetBox="[171,1407,184,1445]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[151,1436,167,1483]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 12a–o. Thoracic spiracles of third instar Oxythyrea larvae, entire view (a–i) and detail of sieve plate (j–o). a, O. abigail; b, O. albopicta; c, O. cinctella; d, O. dulcis; e, O. funesta; f, O. noemi; g, O. pantherina; h, O. subcalva; i, O. tripolitana; j, O. abigail; k, O. albopicta; l, O. cinctella; m, O. dulcis; n, O. funesta; o, O. subcalva. Scale bars = 0.1 mm (a–i)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1442194/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
12
<collectingRegion id="49A7F8696220661F4073FF70FCC9FEEC" box="[835,858,255,279]" country="Nigeria" name="Rivers" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">A</collectingRegion>
, J
</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C37965006220661F43A7FECEFB4BFCA9" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BDC368B6220661F43A7FECEFC5FFE85" blockId="16.[151,1436,321,850]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<materialsCitation id="3B0B3CD66220661F43A7FECEFC5FFE85" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1913894004" collectingDate="2016-03-19" collectorName="M. Hadjiconstantis" country="Cyprus" county="Golden" location="Material" municipality="Pachyammos" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B917EA996220661F43A7FECEFEFBFEA1" bold="true" box="[151,360,321,346]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
<location id="8EBC60506220661F43A7FECEFF6CFEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9:8EBC60506220661F43A7FECEFF6CFEA1" box="[151,255,321,346]" country="Cyprus" county="Golden" municipality="Pachyammos" name="Material" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Material</location>
studied.
</emphasis>
18 L3 reared ex adults collected at:
<collectingCountry id="F374761B6220661F402BFECEFCFCFEA2" box="[795,879,321,345]" name="Cyprus" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Cyprus</collectingCountry>
,
<location id="8EBC60506220661F404DFECEFBC8FEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9:8EBC60506220661F404DFECEFBC8FEA1" box="[893,1115,321,346]" country="Cyprus" county="Golden" municipality="Pachyammos" name="Karpasia Peninsula" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Karpasia Peninsula</location>
,
<location id="8EBC60506220661F4759FECEFB6BFEA1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CA879D6220661F43A7FF53FB4BFCA9:8EBC60506220661F4759FECEFB6BFEA1" box="[1129,1272,321,346]" country="Cyprus" county="Golden" municipality="Pachyammos" name="Rizokarpaso" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Rizokarpaso</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BB8ACF16220661F4637FECEFA0FFEA1" box="[1287,1436,321,346]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Pachyammos</collectingMunicipality>
(
<collectingCounty id="62BD4E076220661F43AEFEEAFF61FE85" box="[158,242,357,382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Golden</collectingCounty>
beach), N°35.641, E°34.549,
<collectingDate id="EF99E9A36220661F4174FEEAFD53FE85" box="[580,704,357,382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="2016-03-19">
<date id="FFDD104B6220661F4174FEEAFD53FE85" box="[580,704,357,382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" value="2016-03-19">19.iii.2016</date>
</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="2696535D6220661F41FBFEE9FC33FE85" box="[715,928,357,382]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">M. Hadjiconstantis</collectorName>
lgt.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BDC368B6220661F43F7FE06FB4BFCA9" blockId="16.[151,1436,321,850]" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">
Body length
<quantity id="4C9B9B6E6220661F4269FE06FE46FE5A" box="[345,469,393,418]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="18.0" valueMax="21.0" valueMin="15.0">15–21 mm</quantity>
. Cranium: width
<quantity id="4C9B9B6E6220661F41A9FE06FCA3FE5A" box="[665,816,393,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.625" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="2.625" valueMax="2.7" valueMin="2.55">2.55–2.7 mm</quantity>
, height
<quantity id="4C9B9B6E6220661F40BAFE06FBA2FE5A" box="[906,1073,393,418]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.615" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="1.47" pageId="16" pageNumber="417" unit="mm" value="1.615" valueMax="1.76" valueMin="1.47">1.47–1.76 mm</quantity>
. Cranium light brown with faint sculpture; elongate with its dorsal margin more or less convex at its entire length (length of dorsal straight portion of cranial margin less than one third of maximum width of cranium). Chaetotaxy as in
<tableCitation id="C6E103306220661F476AFE5EFB3DFE12" box="[1114,1198,465,490]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[147,235,556,579]" captionText="TABLE 1. Cranial chaetotaxy of last instar Oxythyrea larvae" pageId="16" pageNumber="417">Table 1</tableCitation>
. Epipharynx: Zygum with 14–15 stout conical setae and 13–14 similarly shaped setae at its proximal base. Chaetoparia with 60–90 and 61–68 setae on right and left side respectively. Acanthoparia with 6–8 falcate setae. Stridulatory area of mandibles with 9–13 transverse ridges, ridges in the apical third about ½ of the width of proximal ridges. Apical scissorial tooth of left mandible broad. Transverse proximal row of setae and sensilla on ligula composed of 6–8 stout lanceolate setae and 0–4 campaniform sensilla. Setae of thoracic legs slender hair-like. Respiratory plate of spiracle with 11–17 holes across diameter. Raster monostichous (with numerous irregular pali scattered around) composed of two semi-arcuate rows of 25–36 pali, septula elliptic more than three times longer than wide. Tegillar setae about size of pali or twice as long, only few longer setae present. Tegilla fused and densely setose (average distance between two setae about twice length of palus), campus absent. Dorsal parts of last abdominal segment densely setose, covered with equal short setae, without ring of prominent long setae or bald circular field.
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