215 lines
24 KiB
XML
215 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="8E5F29ED18FAC6B4A71C94C15E3F62F3" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883381" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711484105509" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Georgieva, Magdalena N., Little, Crispin T. S., Watson, Jonathan S., Sephton, Mark A., Ball, Alexander D. & Glover, Adrian G." docDate="2019" docId="03C0814B9035FFB13F43FEE04EFFF833" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.17.4.287-329.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Siboglinidae Caullery 1914" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="296" masterDocId="FFF9F933903CFFBB3E4CFFA14E0EFF1E" masterDocTitle="Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps" masterLastPageNumber="329" masterPageNumber="287" pageNumber="295" updateTime="1712152197148" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="04A5FD4ED11968D075602D2C5D3EECA1">Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3CEFD2CFA548FDB1983BC4CDD48EB576">Georgieva, Magdalena N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E5E9DF1D98BCC57C176A51CFEA1E4EAE">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom; & School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="25ABFF04EF8F9279A71F02937660824B">Little, Crispin T. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4FE78E536E9C9EC5C060AAE1F163F186">School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E1BA696E532FCA2461146336BCC1BF63">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BF8C7DD49E1D936913098071635B8C3A">Watson, Jonathan S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="015D9C5D7CDCEB418402635A5DCDE6AF">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="721C6565C6F81ADE3E489D046B88E37D">Sephton, Mark A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A5BF7BAA54889D034667510E571966EA">Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="15CDE98DD162B89254C7B3224520820A">Ball, Alexander D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3B74B924BD6228DEAD2723F26BE9FA11">Core Research Laboratories, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4632B136EA94732F84B6F43A0C91B227">Glover, Adrian G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F1621E34EBF02C4A831111713CCBEE26">Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CDF0AA8A8D745C1E0AA8718E14C2E82B">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6A161A20E011A6E9FA755CF4336469FC">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="595C20EF84177BF39B480C0F111ABAAD">2017-12-28</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="800230F239D86DA503E85D4241C38C67" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2017.1412362</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C0814B9035FFB13F43FEE04EFFF833" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C0814B9035FFB13F43FEE04EFFF833" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C0814B9035FFB13F43FEE04EFFF833" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69035FFB23F43FEE04C90FE46" box="[271,670,321,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9035FFB23F43FEE04C90FE46" blockId="9.[271,670,321,344]" box="[271,670,321,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<heading id="D09E87319035FFB23F43FEE04C90FE46" box="[271,670,321,344]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" reason="7">
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?Family
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<taxonomicName id="4C694BDE9035FFB23F21FEE04C90FE46" ID-CoL="84KRZ" authority="Caullery, 1914" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" box="[365,670,321,344]" class="Polychaeta" family="Siboglinidae" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sabellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23F21FEE04FF4FE46" bold="true" box="[365,506,321,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Siboglinidae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9035FFB23C4CFEE04C90FE46" author="Caullery, M." box="[512,670,321,344]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" pagination="2014 - 2017" refId="ref22158" refString="Caullery, M. 1914. Sur les Siboglinidae, type nouveau d'invert´ebr´es receuillis par l'exp´edition du Siboga. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances´de l'Academie´des Sciences, 158, 2014 - 2017." type="journal article" year="1914">Caullery, 1914</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69035FFB23F68FEC04C86FE66" box="[292,648,353,376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9035FFB23F68FEC04C86FE66" blockId="9.[292,648,353,408]" box="[292,648,353,376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23F68FEC04C86FE66" bold="true" box="[292,648,353,376]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">‘West Fork Satsop River tubes’</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69035FFB23FE2FE204FF0FE86" box="[430,510,385,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9035FFB23FE2FE204FF0FE86" blockId="9.[292,648,353,408]" box="[430,510,385,408]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89035FFB23FFBFE204FFBFE86" box="[439,501,385,408]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,693,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-202@9.[173,1453,692,1801]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. ‘West Fork Satsop River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A, B, WFSR-3B and WFSR JLG 459C, respectively, tubes in hand specimen showing wavy nature and smooth tube walls. C, D, WFSR 3A-1; C, transverse section of tube showing multilayered brown walls of varying thickness; D, detail of tube wall where a potential preserved fibrous tear occurs, revealing frayed fibre endings (white arrow). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 300 µm; D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883389/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69035FFB23ED3FE1E4FBDFD08" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9035FFB23ED3FE1E4FBDFD08" blockId="9.[159,782,447,534]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23ED3FE1E4F04FEC8" bold="true" box="[159,266,447,470]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Material.</emphasis>
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JLG459C, WFSR-3B, several wavy tubes. WFSR-3A-1, several tubes observed in thin section. Donated by J. L. Goedert.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69035FFB23ED3FD9C4D9CFFEA" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9035FFB23ED3FD9C4D9CFFEA" blockId="9.[159,782,573,659]" lastBlockId="9.[845,1466,189,244]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23ED3FD9C4F22FD4A" bold="true" box="[159,300,573,596]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Occurrence.</emphasis>
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||
West Fork Satsop River, Grays Harbor County,
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<collectingRegion id="49ADFEBF9035FFB23EB0FDFC4FB3FD6A" box="[252,445,605,628]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Washington State</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F37E70CD9035FFB23F85FDFC4FF0FD6A" box="[457,510,605,628]" name="United States of America" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">USA</collectingCountry>
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(
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23C42FDFD4C2DFD6A" bold="true" box="[526,547,604,628]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">~</emphasis>
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47
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||
<superScript id="7C1C9D159035FFB23C71FDF94C48FD77" attach="left" box="[573,582,600,617]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">º</superScript>
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16
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23C2AFDF94C65FD77" bold="true" box="[614,619,600,617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159035FFB23C2AFDF94C65FD77" attach="right" box="[614,619,600,617]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">'</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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||
N, 123
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159035FFB23CFAFDF94CB1FD77" attach="none" box="[694,703,600,617]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">º</superScript>
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33
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23C92FDF94CEDFD77" bold="true" box="[734,739,600,617]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<superScript id="7C1C9D159035FFB23C92FDF94CEDFD77" attach="right" box="[734,739,600,617]" fontSize="7" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">'</superScript>
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</emphasis>
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W). Float seep limestone blocks. Lincoln Creek Formation, Oligocene (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9035FFB23D9CFF1C4AF6FFCA" author="Campbell, K. A. & Bottjer, D. J." box="[976,1272,189,212]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" pagination="326 - 343" refId="ref22009" refString="Campbell, K. A. & Bottjer, D. J. 1993. Fossil cold seeps. National Geographic Research and Exploration, 9, 326 - 343." type="journal article" year="1993">Campbell & Bottjer 1993</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFF84DAC9035FFB23B41FF1C4D8CFFEA" author="Kiel, S. & Amano, K." pageId="9" pageNumber="295" pagination="589 - 602" refId="ref23652" refString="Kiel, S. & Amano, K. 2013. The earliest bathymodiolin mussels: an evaluation of Eocene and Oligocene taxa from deep-sea methane seep deposits in western Washington State, USA. Journal of Paleontology, 87, 589 - 602." type="journal article" year="2013">Kiel & Amano 2013</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37363D69035FFB23D01FE9F4DB8FD8A" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD6305D9035FFB23D01FE9F4DB8FD8A" blockId="9.[845,1467,318,660]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">
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<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23D01FE9F4DD6FE4B" bold="true" box="[845,984,318,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Description.</emphasis>
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Carbonate tubes up to
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<quantity id="4C919DB89035FFB23A91FE9F4B3EFE4B" box="[1245,1328,318,341]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="295" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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in diameter, somewhat sinuous, non-branching, and not appearing to have been agglutinated or to taper in the observed fragments (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89035FFB23DEEFE3C4A2CFEAA" box="[930,1058,413,436]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,693,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-202@9.[173,1453,692,1801]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. ‘West Fork Satsop River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A, B, WFSR-3B and WFSR JLG 459C, respectively, tubes in hand specimen showing wavy nature and smooth tube walls. C, D, WFSR 3A-1; C, transverse section of tube showing multilayered brown walls of varying thickness; D, detail of tube wall where a potential preserved fibrous tear occurs, revealing frayed fibre endings (white arrow). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 300 µm; D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883389/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
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). Tubes appear inflexible and unattached, and the tube walls are free of ornamentation. In thin section, the tube walls are brown, of variable thickness but finely multi-layered (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89035FFB23AD5FE5C4B1CFD0A" box="[1177,1298,509,532]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,693,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-202@9.[173,1453,692,1801]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. ‘West Fork Satsop River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A, B, WFSR-3B and WFSR JLG 459C, respectively, tubes in hand specimen showing wavy nature and smooth tube walls. C, D, WFSR 3A-1; C, transverse section of tube showing multilayered brown walls of varying thickness; D, detail of tube wall where a potential preserved fibrous tear occurs, revealing frayed fibre endings (white arrow). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 300 µm; D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883389/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
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). An originally organic composition of the tube walls is also supported by confocal microscopy (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89035FFB23A77FD9C4A89FD4A" box="[1083,1159,573,596]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="36.[159,227,1780,1801]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,469,1746]" captionTargetId="figure-134@36.[173,1453,468,1748]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure 25. Results of confocal laser-scanning microscopy (CLSM) of recently mineralized and ancient fossil annelid tubes (see online edition for colour version). Tubes are imaged in auto-fluorescence mode, where areas of fluorescence likely reflect the presence of organic matter. A, detail of mineralized Escarpia southwardae (Siboglinidae) tube transverse section. B, fossil tube from Upper Waiau River, New Zealand (UWT3-4), detail of transverse section. C, fossil tube from West Fork Satsop River, Washington State, USA (WFSR 1A), detail of transverse section. D, fossil tubes from Bexhaven, New Zealand (BXG), detail of two near-transverse sections. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–D = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883431" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883431/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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), and breaks in the tube wall can be observed showing potential frayed fibre endings (
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<figureCitation id="13522CD89035FFB23D1AFDDC4DA4FD8A" box="[854,938,637,660]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[174,1451,693,1799]" captionTargetId="figure-202@9.[173,1453,692,1801]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. ‘West Fork Satsop River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA. A, B, WFSR-3B and WFSR JLG 459C, respectively, tubes in hand specimen showing wavy nature and smooth tube walls. C, D, WFSR 3A-1; C, transverse section of tube showing multilayered brown walls of varying thickness; D, detail of tube wall where a potential preserved fibrous tear occurs, revealing frayed fibre endings (white arrow). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm; C = 300 µm; D = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883389" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883389/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23ED3F8884EF3F820" bold="true" box="[159,253,1833,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
‘West Fork Satsop River tubes’, Oligocene, Washington State, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23DFEF8884DE9F820" bold="true" box="[946,999,1833,1854]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">A, B,</emphasis>
|
||
WFSR-3B and WFSR JLG 459C, respectively, tubes in hand specimen showing wavy nature and smooth tube walls.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23D0BF8E54D73F847" bold="true" box="[839,893,1860,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">C, D,</emphasis>
|
||
WFSR 3A-1;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23A47F8E54A12F847" bold="true" box="[1035,1052,1860,1881]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">C</emphasis>
|
||
, transverse section of tube showing multilayered brown walls of varying thickness;
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23C72F8FF4C41F86D" bold="true" box="[574,591,1886,1907]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">D</emphasis>
|
||
, detail of tube wall where a potential preserved fibrous tear occurs, revealing frayed fibre endings (white arrow). Scale bars: A
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23C4FF8D94C18F890" bold="true" box="[515,534,1912,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">=</emphasis>
|
||
10 mm; B
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23CCDF8D94C9AF890" bold="true" box="[641,660,1912,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">=</emphasis>
|
||
5 mm; C
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23CBEF8D94D0BF890" bold="true" box="[754,773,1912,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">=</emphasis>
|
||
300
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23D78F8D94D4AF890" box="[820,836,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; D
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23D37F8D94D80F890" bold="true" box="[891,910,1912,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">=</emphasis>
|
||
100
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9035FFB23DF1F8D94DC3F890" box="[957,973,1912,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="295">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF1660D59036FFB13ED3FA2A4ABBFAEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883391" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883391" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883391/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="296" startId="10.[159,227,1419,1440]" targetBox="[174,1451,184,1385]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9036FFB13ED3FA2A4ABBFAEE" blockId="10.[159,1467,1419,1520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13ED3FA2A4EF0FABE" bold="true" box="[159,254,1419,1440]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
‘Murdock Creek tubes’, WA-MC LACMIP loc. 6295, Early Oligocene, Washington State, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13A87FA2A4AECFABE" bold="true" box="[1227,1250,1419,1440]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">A,</emphasis>
|
||
a single tube in hand specimen possibly bearing longitudinal wrinkles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13CCDFA044C99FAA4" bold="true" box="[641,663,1445,1466]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">B,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of tube wall in transverse section with thick, multi-layered and delaminated tube wall.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13F44FA614F11FACB" bold="true" box="[264,287,1472,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">C,</emphasis>
|
||
transverse section of tube which appears to have originally been flexible.
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13A4CFA614A19FACB" bold="true" box="[1024,1047,1472,1493]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">D,</emphasis>
|
||
detail of tube wall where a preserved tear occurs, revealing fibre endings (grey arrow). Scale bars: A
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13C9FFA7B4CE8FAEE" bold="true" box="[723,742,1498,1520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">=</emphasis>
|
||
5 mm; B
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13D09FA7B4D56FAEE" bold="true" box="[837,856,1498,1520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">=</emphasis>
|
||
150
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13DCBFA7B4D99FAEE" box="[903,919,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; C
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13D80FA7B4DD1FAEE" bold="true" box="[972,991,1498,1520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">=</emphasis>
|
||
100
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13A42FA7B4A10FAEE" box="[1038,1054,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m; D
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13A19FA7B4A66FAEE" bold="true" box="[1109,1128,1498,1520]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">=</emphasis>
|
||
50
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13AC7FA7B4A95FAEE" box="[1163,1179,1498,1520]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">µ</emphasis>
|
||
m.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37363D69036FFB13ED3F9B64EFFF833" pageId="10" pageNumber="296" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD6305D9036FFB13ED3F9B64EFFF833" blockId="10.[159,781,1559,1837]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">
|
||
<emphasis id="B91DEC4F9036FFB13ED3F9B64F00F930" bold="true" box="[159,270,1559,1582]" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
These tubes were resolved only within the cladistic analysis that allowed for more homoplasy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13522CD89036FFB13CEFF9964D0EF950" box="[675,768,1591,1614]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="34.[159,227,1279,1300]" captionTargetBox="[173,1453,183,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-219@34.[173,1453,183,1247]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 23. Strict consensus cladograms constructed using a total of 64 modern and fossil annelid taxa and 48 mostly morphological tube characters. Analyses were performed using implied character weighting, with the concavity constant set as default (k = 3; A), and also set to downweight homoplastic characters less (k = 4; B). Numbers on nodes represent groups present/contradicted support values. Modern taxa are coloured according to taxonomic groups; fossil taxa are in grey. A, consensus of 271 most parsimonious trees (best score = 15.387, consistency index = 0.195, retention index = 0.264); B, consensus of 60 most parsimonious trees (best score = 13.568, consistency index = 0.232, retention index = 0.569). Symbols/colours indicate taxonomic affinities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883427/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="296">Fig. 23B</figureCitation>
|
||
), in which they fall among siboglinids. The fibrous organic composition and concentrically multi-layered walls are, however, also consistent with the tubes of chaetopterids, although the smooth walls and sinuosity of these tubes suggest that they are possibly more likely to have been made by siboglinids. We therefore tentatively suggest a siboglinid affinity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |