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<document id="DA94EF9CD946188294CC3C05DF26B79E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189110" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1cfc9336-2137-4088-9c7c-aaf34f7a3c11" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189110" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461099365881" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Niitsuma, Hiromi &amp; Watson, Charles N." docDate="2009" docId="03C05703FFF64933FF3EFD67C5EEFBFA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02166p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2166" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Bilyjomyia fontana Niitsuma &amp; Watson, 2009, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="67" masterDocId="FFF92F7BFFF14939FFA9FFD2C45CFF82" masterDocTitle="Bilyjomyia, a new genus of the tribe Macropelopiini from the Holarctic (Diptera: Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="64" updateTime="1698590610161" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="CAC8733D7FC0A19AA0877873B856E856" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="958A393B0AA8AA0581785E4B8833C48D">
<mods:title id="ACA2D5EEDEEF236493AC1C2E2C99A49A">Bilyjomyia, a new genus of the tribe Macropelopiini from the Holarctic (Diptera: Chironomidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="CDE073E8A12F0A0814264290C29BBBF0" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7EE68058B78B46CAA25CA6ADB7B2F729">
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<mods:namePart id="DA74701DAC5B9C9B2DA525E867E91FF7">Niitsuma, Hiromi</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6B20A4E2F451E5454CF04CE1BCE2550A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7AED41676F79E28A2287A1CDD9DBC736">
<mods:roleTerm id="5D30B9317B116EA66C61AD2BE7DB3BF9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0C9705B700DF34C0029AF6EB43CD9035">Watson, Charles N.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="9BF2E87753922031A30AFD97E04FFBBD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="752EAC99E302FDE8A2E7FD4B44594EF3" type="host">
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<mods:title id="3CB43F3AF2854EC995F84C68F16B1983">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A39045FA8620A29F96DD8C15D21C1ADD">
<mods:date id="FB276FE2CDFD865C761B2D46E498AE2E">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B0C44DDC68DC7C3919AA283F5B529FDE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F0373E55FACF736D84D68BB941BFE757">2166</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="DF36EB8A90B57C9D717E0822A5305CFC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="D01CD53563997F9FF7BCA2A9606F3790" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189110</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="E38E0D0C6D542D2B3E97AEF61730E29B" type="GBIF-Dataset">1cfc9336-2137-4088-9c7c-aaf34f7a3c11</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="66B76B75A72DE4A1CF96D48F4517FFC9" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5860BCD1479F61EE7BF751940030F726" type="Zenodo-Dep">189110</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03C05703FFF64933FF3EFD67C5EEFBFA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631218" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119621245" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631218" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C05703FFF64933FF3EFD67C5EEFBFA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C05703FFF64933FF3EFD67C5EEFBFA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<subSubSection id="C373B59EFFF6493EFF3EFD67C57AFD74" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF3EFD67C649FD4D" blockId="7.[151,533,693,758]" box="[151,533,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<heading id="D09E5179FFF6493EFF3EFD67C649FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,533,693,719]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF3EFD67C649FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,533,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF6493EFF3EFD67C522FD4D" ID-CoL="8B794" box="[151,382,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF3EFD67C522FD4D" bold="true" box="[151,382,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E877CFFF6493EFE2FFD67C649FD4D" box="[390,533,693,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF3EFD0EC57AFD74" blockId="7.[151,533,693,758]" box="[151,294,732,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
(
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF6493EFF36FD0EC4B0FD74" box="[159,236,732,758]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
21)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373B59EFFF6493EFF3EFCFAC12EFBD0" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF3EFCFAC12EFBD0" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF3EFCFAC50BFCC0" bold="true" box="[151,343,808,834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFF3EFCFAC48AFCC0" box="[151,214,808,834]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Type</typeStatus>
material.
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFECBFCFBC58AFCC1" box="[354,470,809,835]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
male with its pupal and larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T0254).
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFF6493EFB10FCFBC159FCC1" box="[1209,1285,809,835]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Japan</collectingCountry>
: Fukushima Prefecture, Iwaki City, spring in Yaguki,
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFDD3FC82C6A5FCE8" box="[634,761,848,874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2007-03-18">18.iii.2007</date>
(adult emerged
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFC10FC82C067FCE8" box="[953,1083,848,874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2007-03-25">25.iii.2007</date>
), leg. H. Niitsuma.
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFA8BFC82C1C4FCE8" box="[1314,1432,848,874]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFF3EFCA4C4AAFC12" box="[151,246,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="larva">8 larvae</specimenCount>
(SUM-IC-T02550262), same data as
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFD61FCA4C773FC12" box="[712,815,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFC25FCA4C7ACFC12" box="[908,1008,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2007-01-02">2.i.2007</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFC57FCA4C006FC12" box="[1022,1114,886,912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
with their pupal and larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T02630265),
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFD8FFC4FC6C5FC35" box="[550,665,925,951]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
with their pupal exuviae and 3 of their larval exuviae (SUM-IC- T02660269),
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFEE0FC16C5FBFC5C" box="[329,423,964,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
with their larval exuviae (SUM-IC-T02700271),
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFBA4FC16C031FC5C" box="[1037,1133,964,990]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="larva">8 larvae</specimenCount>
(SUM-IC-T02720279), same data as
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFE94FC38C5F5FB86" box="[317,425,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(these adults emerged
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFD61FC38C7FCFB86" box="[712,928,1002,1028]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2007-03-26" valueMax="2007-04-10" valueMin="2007-03-26">26.iii10.iv.2007</date>
); 1 larva (SUM-IC-T0280), same data as
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFF3EFBC3C55BFBA9" box="[151,263,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFEC5FBC3C650FBA9" box="[364,524,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2007-08-19">19.viii.2007</date>
;
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFDB3FBC3C6D6FBA9" box="[538,650,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
with its pupal exuviae (SUM-IC-T0281),
<specimenCount id="9D6F2D9CFFF6493EFB05FBC3C14DFBA9" box="[1196,1297,1041,1067]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
(SUM-IC- T02820283), 1 larva (SUM-IC-T0284), same data as
<typeStatus id="54D258B7FFF6493EFCBEFBEAC722FBD0" box="[791,894,1080,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
except
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFC70FBEAC061FBD0" box="[985,1085,1080,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2008-05-04">4.v.2008</date>
(adult emerged
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF6493EFB55FBEAC139FBD0" box="[1276,1381,1080,1106]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" value="2008-05-08">8.v.2008</date>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373B59EFFF6493EFF6FFB8CC0CDFBFA" box="[198,1169,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6FFB8CC0CDFBFA" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" box="[198,1169,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6FFB8CC50FFBFA" bold="true" box="[198,339,1118,1144]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Etymology.</emphasis>
From the Latin
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFDB8FB8DC62AFBFA" box="[529,630,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">fontanus</emphasis>
(spring), referring to the habitat of the larvae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373B59EFFF64930FF6FFB57C73AFB2C" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6FFB57C76BFB1D" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" box="[198,823,1157,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6FFB57C5F9FB1D" bold="true" box="[198,421,1157,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Description. Male</emphasis>
(n = 4). Body length 4.85.0 mm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6CFB7EC70EFAE1" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6CFB7EC513FB47" box="[197,335,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Coloration.</emphasis>
Head yellowish-brown. Thorax generally yellowish-brown, with dark brown antepronotum, median anepisternum II, preepisternum and postnotum; scutal vittae slightly darker than rest of scutum. Wing with single dark band as in
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF6493EFE4AFB2BC675FA91" box="[483,553,1273,1299]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
, formed by black macrotrichiae and light infuscation on membrane. Legs generally yellowish; femur reddish-brown on basal third; ta5 entirely dark brown. Abdominal tergites IIV yellowish; T.VVIII dark brown. Hypopygium dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6CFAA2C574FA58" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6CFAA2C553FA0B" box="[197,271,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Head.</emphasis>
Temporals 4246, multiserial. AR 1.92.0. Clypeus trapezoidal with 2936 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 15 (μm) 5060, 58; 7585, 78; 180213, 198; 220300, 254; 275363, 331. Pm5 1.21.4 times as long as Pm4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6CFA38C68BF9D3" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6CFA38C547F981" box="[197,283,1514,1539]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Thorax</emphasis>
. Antepronotals 1823. Acrostichals about 100120; dorsocentrals about 7080; humerals about 3040; supra-alars 4750; postalars 1; pteropleurals 812; mesosternals 36. Scutellars 6476, multiserial. Postnotum with 611 dorsomedial setae, biserial.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6CF98CC485F91C" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6CF98CC55EF9F5" box="[197,258,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF6493EFEBAF98CC507F9FA" box="[275,347,1630,1656]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="4C914BF0FFF6493EFE7AF98CC63BF9FA" box="[467,615,1630,1656]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="3.2">3.23.3 mm</quantity>
. Membrane with dense macrotrichae; VR 0.90. Squama with 3945 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6CF979C04FF8BB" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6CF979C559F946" box="[197,261,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Legs.</emphasis>
Spur of foretibia 7380 μm long with 1618 lateral teeth; spurs of midtibia 8595 and 5563 μm long each with 1618 lateral teeth; spurs of hind tibia 85100 and 5055 μm long each with 15 lateral teeth; comb of hind tibia consisting of 810 spines. Foreleg with short tarsal beard. Claw pointed apically with 2 or 3 basoventral spines. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in
<tableCitation id="C6EBD3AEFFF6493EFC1FF8CDC052F8BB" box="[950,1038,1823,1849]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,239,382,406]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,468,725]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 1. Length (range and mean, in µm) and proportions of legs of Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFEACC1C0FE17" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" tableUuid="DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFEACC1C0FE17">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6CF894C626F82F" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6CF894C507F8DD" box="[197,347,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Hypopygium</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF6493EFEC3F894C5EEF8E2" box="[362,434,1862,1888]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Tergite IX with 18 posterior setae. Gonocoxite 225245 μm long, 2.32.5 times as long as broad in middle. Gonostylus 138145 μm long with 13 apical megasetae (
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF6493EFB36F8BEC0B7F804" box="[1183,1259,1900,1926]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
); HR 1.61.7. Phallapodeme straight or slightly curved.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF6493EFF6FF86BC6EFF856" blockId="7.[151,1437,808,2004]" box="[198,691,1977,2004]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF6493EFF6FF86BC57EF851" bold="true" box="[198,290,1977,2003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Female</emphasis>
(n = 5). Body length
<quantity id="4C914BF0FFF6493EFDB6F868C6ECF856" box="[543,688,1978,2004]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.8">3.84.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6CFF4AC5F1FF5A" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6CFF4AC511FF33" box="[197,333,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Coloration.</emphasis>
Similar to male, except T.IIIVII entirely dark brown. Wing pattern (
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF94931FB21FF4AC08CFF30" box="[1160,1232,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
) more extensive, with anal cell infuscate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6FFF37C069FECE" blockId="8.[151,1436,152,336]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6FFF37C552FF7C" box="[198,270,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Head.</emphasis>
Temporals 4254. Antenna with terminal flagellomere almost as long as preceding 3 segments together; AR 0.230.27. Clypeus with 3539 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 15 (μm) 6075, 68;7595, 86; 220240, 231; 305355, 327; 350430, 403. Pm5 1.11.3 times as long as Pm4.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFEACC1C0FE17" ID-Table-UUID="DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFEACC1C0FE17" box="[151,1436,382,406]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFEACC1C0FE17" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1436,468,725]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF3EFEACC1C0FE17" blockId="8.[151,1436,382,440]" box="[151,1436,382,406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF3EFEACC554FE14" bold="true" box="[151,264,382,406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Length (range and mean, in µm) and proportions of legs of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF94931FC23FEADC009FE14" box="[906,1109,383,406]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FC23FEADC009FE14" box="[906,1109,383,406]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E877CFFF94931FBF5FEACC08CFE17" box="[1116,1232,382,405]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
, new species, male
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF3EFE73C4BAFE3A" blockId="8.[151,1436,382,440]" box="[151,230,417,440]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">(n = 3).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF7BFE06C1DFFD31" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<table id="F96914B5FFF9B6C6FF3EFE06C1C0FD57" box="[151,1436,468,725]" gridcols="10" gridrows="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFE06C1C0FE72" box="[151,1436,468,496]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF7BFE06C516FE72" box="[210,330,468,496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">fe</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FEC4FE06C5B9FE72" box="[365,485,468,496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ti</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FDA0FE06C6DCFE72" box="[521,640,468,496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta1</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD0CFE06C75FFE72" box="[677,771,468,496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta2</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC8CFE06C7DFFE72" box="[805,899,468,496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta3</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC0CFE06C05FFE72" box="[933,1027,468,496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta4</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB8CFE06C0DFFE72" box="[1061,1155,468,496]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta5</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB0CFE06C14CFE72" box="[1189,1296,468,496]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">LR</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FA9AFE06C1C0FE72" box="[1331,1436,468,496]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">BR</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFDD3C1C0FDB9" box="[151,1436,513,571]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFDD3C4EFFDB9" box="[151,179,513,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">p1</th>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF7BFDD3C516FDB9" box="[210,330,513,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">14211447 1430</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FEC4FDD3C5B9FDB9" box="[365,485,513,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">16241700 1675</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FDA0FDD3C6DCFDB9" box="[521,640,513,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11171269 1189</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD0CFDD3C75FFDB9" box="[677,771,513,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">609660 626</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC8CFDD3C7DFFDB9" box="[805,899,513,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">406457 431</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC0CFDD3C05FFDB9" box="[933,1027,513,571]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">254266 258</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB8CFDD3C0DFFDB9" box="[1061,1155,513,571]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">165178 169</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB0CFDD3C14CFDB9" box="[1189,1296,513,571]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">0.690.75</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FA9AFDD3C1C0FDB9" box="[1331,1436,513,571]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.25.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFD9CC1C0FD0A" box="[151,1436,590,648]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFD9CC4EFFD0A" box="[151,179,590,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">p2</th>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF7BFD9CC516FD0A" box="[210,330,590,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">14211548 1497</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FEC4FD9CC5B9FD0A" box="[365,485,590,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13711523 1464</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FDA0FD9CC6DCFD0A" box="[521,640,590,648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">876939 910</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD0CFD9CC75FFD0A" box="[677,771,590,648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">457508 482</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC8CFD9CC7DFFD0A" box="[805,899,590,648]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">305355 334</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC0CFD9CC05FFD0A" box="[933,1027,590,648]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">203, 203</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB8CFD9CC0DFFD0A" box="[1061,1155,590,648]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">127140 136</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB0CFD9CC14CFD0A" box="[1189,1296,590,648]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">0.610.64</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FA9AFD9CC1C0FD0A" box="[1331,1436,590,648]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">4.85.8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFD4EC1C0FD57" box="[151,1436,668,725]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFD4EC4EFFD57" box="[151,179,668,725]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">p3</th>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF7BFD4EC516FD57" box="[210,330,668,725]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">13071421 1375</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FEC4FD4EC5B9FD57" box="[365,485,668,725]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">16241840 1764</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FDA0FD4EC6DCFD57" box="[521,640,668,725]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11421345 1269</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD0CFD4EC75FFD57" box="[677,771,668,725]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">558660 618</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC8CFD4EC7DFFD57" box="[805,899,668,725]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">419482 461</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC0CFD4EC05FFD57" box="[933,1027,668,725]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">254279 262</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB8CFD4EC0DFFD57" box="[1061,1155,668,725]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">152, 152</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FB0CFD4EC14CFD57" box="[1189,1296,668,725]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">0.700.73</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FA9AFD4EC1C0FD57" box="[1331,1436,668,725]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">5.96.0</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6FFCF2C50BFC05" blockId="8.[151,1437,800,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6FFCF2C57FFCBB" box="[198,291,800,825]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Thorax.</emphasis>
Antepronotals 3863; acrostichals about 130160; dorsocentrals about 80100; humerals about 7090; supra-alars 6174; postalars 12, usually 1; pteropleurals 818; mesosternals 915; scutellars 6693; postnotals 615.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6CFC46C010FC2C" blockId="8.[151,1437,800,1138]" box="[197,1100,916,942]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6CFC46C55DFC2F" box="[197,257,916,941]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Wing</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF94931FEB8FC46C504FC2C" box="[273,344,916,942]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). Length
<quantity id="4C914BF0FFF94931FE60FC46C606FC2C" box="[457,602,916,942]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.3">3.33.9 mm</quantity>
. VR 0.900.91. Squama with 7783 setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6CFC69C06DFBF0" blockId="8.[151,1437,800,1138]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6CFC69C558FC56" box="[197,260,955,980]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Legs.</emphasis>
Spur of foretibia 7588 μm long with 1618 lateral teeth; spurs of midtibia 93105 and 5565 μm long each with 1618 lateral teeth; spurs of hind tibia 95105 and 4555 μm long with 1418 and 1017 lateral teeth, respectively; comb of hind tibia consisting of 810 spines. Midleg with 1014 sensilla chaetica on apical 0.1 of ta1, and hind leg with 1216 sensilla chaetica on apical 0.1 of ta1. Claw pointed apically with 34 basoventral spines. Lengths and proportions of leg segments as in
<tableCitation id="C6EBD3AEFFF94931FC7AFB8AC071FBF0" box="[979,1069,1112,1138]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,242,1189,1213]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1275,1532]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Length (range and mean, in µm) and proportions of legs of Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species," httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFB77C1C0FB3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" tableUuid="DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFB77C1C0FB3E">Table 2</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFB77C1C0FB3E" ID-Table-UUID="DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFB77C1C0FB3E" box="[151,1436,1189,1213]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF16B69DFFF94931FF3EFB77C1C0FB3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[151,1436,1275,1532]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF3EFB77C1C0FB3E" blockId="8.[151,1436,1189,1247]" box="[151,1436,1189,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF3EFB77C552FB3F" bold="true" box="[151,270,1189,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Length (range and mean, in µm) and proportions of legs of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF94931FC19FB74C0DFFB3F" box="[944,1155,1190,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FC19FB74C0DFFB3F" box="[944,1155,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22E877CFFF94931FB22FB77C158FB3E" box="[1163,1284,1189,1212]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
, new species,
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF3EFB1AC56AFB5D" blockId="8.[151,1436,1189,1247]" box="[151,310,1224,1247]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">female (n = 5).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF70FB29C128FA58" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<table id="F96914B5FFF9B6C6FF3EFB29C1C0FA7E" box="[151,1436,1275,1532]" gridcols="8" gridrows="4" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFB29C1C0FA94" box="[151,1436,1275,1302]" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFB29C50DFA94" box="[151,337,1275,1302]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">fe</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FE2DFB29C5A0FA94" box="[388,508,1275,1302]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ti</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD87FB29C6FAFA94" box="[558,678,1275,1302]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta1</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD70FB29C76AFA94" box="[729,822,1275,1302]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta2</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FCCCFB29C79EFA94" box="[869,962,1275,1302]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta3</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC58FB29C012FA94" box="[1009,1102,1275,1302]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta4</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FBD4FB29C086FA94" box="[1149,1242,1275,1302]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">ta5</th>
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FAA0FB29C1C0FA94" box="[1289,1436,1275,1302]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">LR</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFAFAC1C0FAE0" box="[151,1436,1320,1378]" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFAFAC50DFAE0" box="[151,337,1320,1378]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">p1 13711675 1528</th>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FE2DFAFAC5A0FAE0" box="[388,508,1320,1378]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">17262107 1939</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD87FAFAC6FAFAE0" box="[558,678,1320,1378]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11421371 1274</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD70FAFAC76AFAE0" box="[729,822,1320,1378]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">609761 690</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FCCCFAFAC79EFAE0" box="[869,962,1320,1378]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">381533 457</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC58FAFAC012FAE0" box="[1009,1102,1320,1378]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">228305 274</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FBD4FAFAC086FAE0" box="[1149,1242,1320,1378]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">178, 178</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FAA0FAFAC1C0FAE0" box="[1289,1436,1320,1378]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">0.630.69</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFAA7C1C0FA2D" box="[151,1436,1397,1455]" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFAA7C50DFA2D" box="[151,337,1397,1455]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">p2 15231878 1721</th>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FE2DFAA7C5A0FA2D" box="[388,508,1397,1455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">14591954 1761</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD87FAA7C6FAFA2D" box="[558,678,1397,1455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">9641117 1061</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD70FAA7C76AFA2D" box="[729,822,1397,1455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">533584 563</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FCCCFAA7C79EFA2D" box="[869,962,1397,1455]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">355457 411</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC58FAA7C012FA2D" box="[1009,1102,1397,1455]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">216279 251</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FBD4FAA7C086FA2D" box="[1149,1242,1397,1455]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">140168 153</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FAA0FAA7C1C0FA2D" box="[1289,1436,1397,1455]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">0.560.66</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3559E457FFF9B6C6FF3EFA11C1C0FA7E" box="[151,1436,1475,1532]" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<th id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FF3EFA11C50DFA7E" box="[151,337,1475,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">p3 13451675 1512</th>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FE2DFA11C5A0FA7E" box="[388,508,1475,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">18022259 2056</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD87FA11C6FAFA7E" box="[558,678,1475,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">11671421 1330</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FD70FA11C76AFA7E" box="[729,822,1475,1532]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">622761 713</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FCCCFA11C79EFA7E" box="[869,962,1475,1532]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">457584 543</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FC58FA11C012FA7E" box="[1009,1102,1475,1532]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">254355 307</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FBD4FA11C086FA7E" box="[1149,1242,1475,1532]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">152178 162</td>
<td id="76888D2BFFF9B6C6FAA0FA11C1C0FA7E" box="[1289,1436,1475,1532]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">0.620.70</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6CF995C667F92C" blockId="8.[151,1436,1605,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6CF995C568F9E2" box="[197,308,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1352FA90FFF94931FEEDF995C5D0F9E3" box="[324,396,1607,1633]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 5" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1106,1130]" captionTargetBox="[168,1417,205,1072]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,159,1080]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 5. Bilyjomyia fontana new genus, new species, male (1 3) and female (4, 5). 1, 4, wing; 2, hypopygium, dorsal view; 3 a c, apex of gonostylus, showing variation; 5, genitalia, ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189111/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
). Notum 145175 μm long, 1.82.0 times as long as rami. Segment X with 02 setae on each side. Seminal capsule ovoid, 7578 μm long, 5355 μm wide, and slightly infuscated on apical 2/3; neck region pale. Cercus 6390 μm long.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6FF968C6F4F957" blockId="8.[151,1436,1605,2024]" box="[198,680,1722,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6FF968C55BF956" bold="true" box="[198,263,1722,1748]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Pupa</emphasis>
(n = 13). Body length 6.0
<quantity id="4C914BF0FFF94931FDEFF969C6FFF957" box="[582,675,1723,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" unit="mm" value="7.2">7.2 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6CF930C4B6F8A0" blockId="8.[151,1436,1605,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6CF930C511F979" box="[197,333,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Coloration.</emphasis>
Exuviae generally brown; T.IIVII usually pale around bases of D-setae. Thoracic horn light brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF94931FF6CF8FDC07DF866" blockId="8.[151,1436,1605,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF94931FF6CF8FDC520F8CA" box="[197,380,1839,1864]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Cephalothorax.</emphasis>
Thoracic horn (Fig. 6) 400500 μm long, 1.61.8 times as long as its broadest width, with 3751 ostia on apical margin. Plastron plate 160240 μm long, 0.680.81 times as long as broad, occupying distal 0.380.50 of horn; median aeropyle occasionally indistinct; lateral aeropyle located equidistant from median aeropyle and basolateral corner of plastron plate, and its opening elongate and diffuse. Thoracic seta Dc
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF94931FF10F808C54DF866" box="[185,273,1994,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" value="1938-01-30">1 3038</date>
μm long, 0.410.60 times as long as Sa; Dc2 24 μm long (Fig. 7).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6CFF4AC10FFE21" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF6CFF4AC568FF33" box="[197,308,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Abdomen</emphasis>
(Fig. 8). Scar of T.
<date id="FFD7C0D5FFF84930FDBCFF4AC618FF30" box="[533,580,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" value="1965-01">I 65</date>
115 μm long, 0.190.33 times as long as tergite along median line (Fig. 9). Shagreen mainly consisting of serial rows of 25 spinules (Fig. 10). Tergite IV with D1-seta 105160 μm long, 0.220.28 times as long as segment; with D2- and D3-setae 330380 μm long and 0.610.70 times as long as segment. LS1-seta of A.VII located 0.430.55 from anterior margin, of A.VIII located 0.610.72 from anterior margin. Anal lobe 9091071 μm long, 2.62.8 times as long as broad, with anterior macroseta located 0.220.26 from anterior margin and posterior macroseta located 0.270.31; inner margin with 1924 spinules on distal 0.420.53; outer margin nearly straight. Male genital sac 0.350.39 times as long as anal lobe.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6FFE7DC73DFE4B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" box="[198,865,431,457]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF6FFE7DC5EBFE4B" bold="true" box="[198,439,431,457]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Fourth instar larva</emphasis>
(n = 27). Total length
<quantity id="4C914BF0FFF84930FD16FE7DC701FE4B" box="[703,861,431,457]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="11.6" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" unit="mm" value="9.35" valueMax="11.6" valueMin="7.1">7.111.6 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6CFE04C0EFFE72" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" box="[197,1203,470,496]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF6CFE04C511FE6D" box="[197,333,470,495]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Coloration.</emphasis>
Body red when alive. Head generally reddish, and brown posterodorsally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6CFE2FC74EFBB8" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF6CFE2FC55BFD94" box="[197,263,509,534]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Head</emphasis>
(Fig. 11). Length 9091066 μm. IC 0.740.79. Labral sclerite (Fig. 12) amoebiform in shape; divided into several parts in some specimens; 0.140.20 times as wide as distance between two labral setae S2- S2 (W/D in Fig. 13). Cephalic seta S10 almost twice as long as S9. Antenna (Fig. 14) 1.21.4 times as long as mandible; lengths of segments 14 (μm, n =10) 248288, 267; 1520, 18; 45, 5; 45, 5. AR 7.78.7. First segment with ring organ placed 0.770.82 from base; blade 2530 μm long, reaching middle of segment 4; accessory blade shorter than blade, 2025 μm long. Second segment 2.93.3 times as long as wide; style 1315 μm long, reaching segment 4; peg sensilla 810 μm long, reaching base of segment 3 (Fig. 15). Mandible (Fig. 16) 213253 μm long. Basal segment of maxillary palp (Fig. 17) 6875 μm long, 3.43.8 times as long as wide; ring organ located 0.230.28 from base. Dorsomental plate with 78 large teeth and usually 1 small tooth (Fig. 18). Ligula (Fig. 19) 128145 μm long, 1.51.7 times as long as its toothed width; granulose area at base expanded medially, 0.350.42 times as long as its basal width; median tooth 1.61.9 times as long as wide; inner laterals pointed forward or turned slightly inwards; outer laterals 2.02.4 times as long as wide. Paraligula 6370 μm long; outer tooth 914 times as long as inner tooth. Pecten hypopharyngis (Fig. 20) with 1 or 2 broadened mesal teeth, followed by row of 1216 simple teeth becoming longer towards middle and 39 small points near bases of distal teeth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6CFB95C73AFB2C" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF6CFB95C4A3FBE2" box="[197,255,1095,1120]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Body</emphasis>
. With lateral fringe of setae at most 0.3 times as long as segment width. Procercus 3.85.0 times as long as wide; both lateral setae located 0.280.37 and 0.790.85 from base, respectively. Posterior parapod with smaller claws depressed and expanded basally (Fig. 21).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C373B59EFFF84933FF6FFB68C5EEFBFA" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6FFB68C0D8FA6B" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF6FFB68C563FB56" bold="true" box="[198,319,1210,1236]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Remarks.</emphasis>
The adult of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FE41FB69C696FB56" box="[488,714,1211,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FE41FB69C696FB56" box="[488,714,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FC6CFB69C069FB56" box="[965,1077,1211,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FC6CFB69C069FB56" box="[965,1077,1211,1236]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">B. algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mostly in the coloration. The legs are brownish only on the basal part of femur and ta5. In
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FCC4FB33C01EFB78" box="[877,1090,1249,1274]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FCC4FB33C01EFB78" box="[877,1090,1249,1274]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the legs are brownish on the apex of femur, the base of tibia, and ta4, 5. The female abdomen is brown, and the male is dark brown on A.VVIII; whereas, in the latter species the female abdomen is entirely pale, and the male is darkened on A.VIVIII. The dark band of the female wing is expanded to encompass the entire anal cell. The anal cell of female
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FF44FA50C5E3FA19" box="[237,447,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF44FA50C5E3FA19" box="[237,447,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is mostly pale (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFF84930FD0FFA50C718FA1E" author="Roback" box="[678,836,1410,1436]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Roback, S. S. (1971) The adults of the subfamily Tanypodinae (= Pelopiinae) in North America (Diptera: Chironomidae). Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 17, 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="1971">Roback 1971</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 193). The male hypopygium is distinct, too, in the almost straight phallapodeme. In
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FDF8FA7BC77AFA40" box="[593,806,1449,1474]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FDF8FA7BC77AFA40" box="[593,806,1449,1474]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the phallapodeme has a strong bend near the mesial end (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFF84930FF56FA1DC5C1FA6B" author="Roback" box="[255,413,1487,1513]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Roback, S. S. (1971) The adults of the subfamily Tanypodinae (= Pelopiinae) in North America (Diptera: Chironomidae). Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 17, 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="1971">Roback 1971</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 188), that may be a unique feature among
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FC61FA1DC0DDFA6B" box="[968,1153,1487,1513]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macropelopiini">Macropelopiini</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6FFA24C784F8A6" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
The pupa is separable from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FDC3FA24C763F98D" box="[618,831,1526,1551]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FDC3FA24C763F98D" box="[618,831,1526,1551]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the thoracic horn with lateral aeropyles located nearly equidistant from the median aeropyle and the basolateral corner of the plastron plate, with elongate and diffuse openings. In
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FE2FF991C604F9DE" box="[390,600,1603,1628]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FE2FF991C604F9DE" box="[390,600,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lateral aeropyles are closer to the basolateral corners of the plastron plate (see
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFF84930FEA5F9B8C5F6F906" author="Roback" box="[268,426,1642,1668]" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" refString="Roback, S. S. (1984) Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Afognak and Kodiak Islands, Alaska. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 136, 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1984">Roback 1984</bibRefCitation>
, figs. 2 and 3), and the openings are spherical and prominent. Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FAB4F9B8C4ADF928" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FAB4F9B8C4ADF928" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has relatively short thoracic Dc1-setae, which are 0.410.60 times as long as the Sa-seta, and a poorly developed scar on T. I, which is 0.190.33 times as long as the tergite length along the median line. In
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FF3EF933C536F978" box="[151,362,1761,1786]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FF3EF933C536F978" box="[151,362,1761,1786]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the Dc1-setae are 0.710.88 times as long as the Sa-seta. The scar on T.I is well developed, and 0.320.45 times as long as the tergite length along the median line.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFF84930FF6FF8E3C5F5F840" blockId="9.[151,1437,150,1990]" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">
The larva of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FEF5F8E3C667F8C8" box="[348,571,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FEF5F8E3C667F8C8" box="[348,571,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from that of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFF84930FC80F8E3C7CAF8C8" box="[809,918,1841,1866]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFF84930FC80F8E3C7CAF8C8" box="[809,918,1841,1866]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="66">B. algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the features of the labral sclerite which is relatively large; 0.140.20 times as wide as the distance between S2-S2; amoebiform in shape; with a tendency to divide into several parts. In the latter the sclerite is rounded and compact, 0.070.10 times as wide as the distance between S2-S2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFFB4933FF6FFF45C6A9FF5A" blockId="10.[151,1438,151,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FF6FFF45C573FF33" bold="true" box="[198,303,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Ecology.</emphasis>
Like most
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FE16FF4AC62BFF30" box="[447,631,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Macropelopiini">Macropelopiini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FD2EFF4AC75AFF33" box="[647,774,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FD2EFF4AC75AFF33" box="[647,774,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Bilyjomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae are cold-stenothermal, confined to depositional substrates of springs, seeps, and headwater streams.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFFB4933FF6CFF37C77BFECE" blockId="10.[151,1438,151,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
In
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFFB4933FF43FF37C564FF7D" box="[234,312,229,255]" name="Japan" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Japan</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FEEEFF37C61EFF7C" box="[327,578,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FEEEFF37C61EFF7C" box="[327,578,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Bilyjomyia fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected with
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FCE4FF37C165FF7D" authority="Tokunaga" authorityName="Tokunaga" box="[845,1337,229,255]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kibunensis">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FCE4FF37C0C5FF7C" box="[845,1177,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Macropelopia kibunensis</emphasis>
(Tokunaga)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FAD2FF37C5F6FEA4" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Macropelopia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paranebulosa">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FAD2FF37C518FEA7" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">M. paranebulosa</emphasis>
Fittkau
</taxonomicName>
, from a forest in Iwaki City, Fukushima Prefecture. The larvae inhabit a spring (1315°C around noon in summer) with muddy bottom.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFFB4933FF6CFE8BC51DFE42" blockId="10.[151,1438,151,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
In North
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFFB4933FE86FE8BC5CBFEF1" box="[303,407,345,371]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
, the immatures of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FDC7FE8BC71DFEF0" box="[622,833,345,370]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FDC7FE8BC71DFEF0" box="[622,833,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Bilyjomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been collected from small, cold streams in the Pacific Northwest. In these streams, they are confined to the mud substrate of shallow pools (
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FB5DFE52C1CBFE18" author="Roback" box="[1268,1431,384,410]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Roback, S. S. (1984) Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Afognak and Kodiak Islands, Alaska. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 136, 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="1984">Roback 1984</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FF3EFE74C568FE42" author="Watson" box="[151,308,422,448]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Watson, C. N. (1998) Description of the larva of Apsectrotanypus algens (Coquillett) with a review of the generic placement of the species (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 71, 241 - 246." type="journal article" year="1998">Watson 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFFB4933FF6FFE1FC5B4FC12" blockId="10.[151,1438,151,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FF6FFE1FC526FE65" bold="true" box="[198,378,461,487]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Biogeography.</emphasis>
The distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FDC1FE1FC6BBFE64" box="[616,743,461,486]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FDC1FE1FC6BBFE64" box="[616,743,461,486]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Bilyjomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Asia and western North
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFFB4933FB86FE1FC0C8FE65" box="[1071,1172,461,487]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
follows the Beringian pattern, track 4 of the eight most common generalized biogeographic tracks discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FB4FFE26C1C5FD8C" author="Saether" box="[1254,1433,500,526]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Saether, O. A. (2000) Zoogeographical patterns in Chironomidae (Diptera). Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 27, 290 - 302." type="journal article" year="2000">Saether (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Among the
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FE8BFDC8C591FDB6" box="[290,461,538,564]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chironomidae</taxonomicName>
, in addition to the taxa discussed by
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FC28FDC8C076FDB6" author="Saether" box="[897,1066,538,564]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Saether, O. A. (2000) Zoogeographical patterns in Chironomidae (Diptera). Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 27, 290 - 302." type="journal article" year="2000">Saether (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, this distribution pattern is also found in
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FEACFD93C5C1FDD8" box="[261,413,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Brundiniella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FEACFD93C5C1FDD8" box="[261,413,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Brundiniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FE04FD93C668FDD8" box="[429,564,577,602]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Alotanypus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FE04FD93C668FDD8" box="[429,564,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Alotanypus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FDEDFD93C70BFDD9" authority="Saether" authorityName="Saether" box="[580,855,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Compteromesa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FDEDFD93C6A5FDD8" box="[580,761,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Compteromesa</emphasis>
Saether
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FCCDFD93C03BFDD9" authority="Saether" authorityName="Saether" box="[868,1127,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Antillocladius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FCCDFD93C051FDD8" box="[868,1037,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Antillocladius</emphasis>
Saether
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FBDEFD93C1C1FDD9" authority="Saether" authorityName="Saether" box="[1143,1437,577,603]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Compterosmittia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FBDEFD93C11CFDD8" box="[1143,1344,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Compterosmittia</emphasis>
Saether
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FF61FDBAC53FFD00" authority="Reiss" authorityName="Reiss" box="[200,355,616,642]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Skutzia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FF61FDBAC541FD03" box="[200,285,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Skutzia</emphasis>
Reiss
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FEDAFDBAC678FD00" author="Niitsuma" box="[371,548,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Niitsuma, H. (2003) First record of Brundiniella (Insecta: Diptera; Chironomidae) from the Palaearctic Region, with the description of a new species. Species Diversity, 8, 293 - 300." type="journal article" year="2003">Niitsuma 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FD99FDBAC632FD00" author="Niitsuma" box="[560,622,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Niitsuma, H. (2005) Taxonomy and distribution of Alotanypus kuroberobustus comb. nov. (Insecta: Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Palaearctic Region. Species Diversity, 10, 135 - 144." type="journal article" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FDD3FDBAC7ADFD00" author="Niitsuma" box="[634,1009,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Niitsuma, H. &amp; Makarchenko, E. A. (1997) The first record of Compteromesa Saether (Diptera, Chironomidae) from the Palaearctic Region, with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 65, 612 - 620." type="journal article" year="1997">Niitsuma &amp; Makarchenko 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FC54FDBAC0BDFD00" author="Mendes" box="[1021,1249,616,642]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Mendes, H. F., Andersen, T. &amp; Saether, O. A. (2004) A review of Antillocladius Saether, 1981; Compterosmittia Saether, 1981 and Litocladius new genus (Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae). Zootaxa, 5, 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="2004">
Mendes
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FBC8FDBAC0C8FD03" box="[1121,1172,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FB45FDBAC489FD2A" author="De" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" refString="De Pinho, L. C., Mendes, H. F. &amp; Andersen, T. (2009) A review of Skutzia Reiss, 1985, with the description of three new species (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 28 (1), 196 - 206." type="journal article" year="2009">
De Pinho
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FAC8FDBAC1C9FD03" box="[1377,1429,616,641]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
). This pattern also occurs in other groups of insects.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FCF5FD5CC7A2FD2A" author="Peters" box="[860,1022,654,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Peters, W. L. (1988) Origins of the North American Ephemeroptera fauna, especially the Leptophlebiidae. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 144, 13 - 24." type="journal article" year="1988">Peters (1988)</bibRefCitation>
reviewed the origins of the North American Ephemeroptera fauna, and noted that there were vicariant species pairs of mayflies in Asia and western North
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFFB4933FEE1FD0EC5EEFD74" box="[328,434,732,758]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
. Sixteen of these genera are distributed primarily in western North
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFFB4933FB7EFD0EC161FD74" box="[1239,1341,732,758]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
and the eastern Palearctic, a fact that they attributed to an extensive mid- to late-Pliocene trans-Bering exchange.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FF3EFCFBC5F1FCC1" author="Stewart" box="[151,429,809,835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Stewart, K. W. &amp; Stark, B. P. (2002) Nymphs of North American Stonefly genera (Plecoptera). 2 nd ed. The Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio, 510 pp." type="book" year="2002">Stewart &amp; Stark (2002)</bibRefCitation>
found that the distributions of 36 genera of Plecoptera reflect a Bering Land Bridge dispersal or vicariance.
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FE10FC82C63BFCE8" author="Schmid" box="[441,615,848,874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Schmid, F. (1970) Le genre Rhyacophila et la famille des Rhyacophilidae (Trichoptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 121, 1 - 115." type="journal article" year="1970">Schmid (1970</bibRefCitation>
, cited in
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FD7EFC82C72EFCE8" author="Saether" box="[727,882,848,874]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Saether, O. A. (2000) Zoogeographical patterns in Chironomidae (Diptera). Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 27, 290 - 302." type="journal article" year="2000">Saether 2000</bibRefCitation>
) found this pattern in
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FB2BFC82C134FCE8" authority="Pictet" authorityName="Pictet" box="[1154,1384,848,874]" class="Insecta" family="Rhyacophilidae" genus="Rhyacophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FB2BFC82C147FCEB" box="[1154,1307,848,873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Rhyacophila</emphasis>
Pictet
</taxonomicName>
and other rheophilic
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FEF1FCA4C5B8FC12" box="[344,484,886,912]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Trichoptera</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD6E615FFFB4933FF6FFC4FC5EEFBFA" blockId="10.[151,1438,151,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
The close similarity of
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FE4CFC4FC6F3FC34" box="[485,687,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Biljomyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="algens">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FE4CFC4FC6F3FC34" box="[485,687,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Biljomyia algens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FD59FC4FC733FC34" box="[752,879,925,950]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fontana">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FD59FC4FC733FC34" box="[752,879,925,950]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">B. fontana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggests fairly recent dispersal or vicariance.
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FF3EFC16C54AFC5F" box="[151,278,964,989]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FF3EFC16C54AFC5F" box="[151,278,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">Bilyjomyia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
must be present on the Asian mainland. Additional collecting is necessary to determine if there are additional species, and the geographic range of the genus. It would not be surprising to find additional species of
<emphasis id="B91D3A07FFFB4933FF10FBC3C518FBA8" box="[185,324,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">
<taxonomicName id="4C699D96FFFB4933FF10FBC3C51CFBA8" box="[185,320,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Bilyjomyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bilyjomyia</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
especially in poorly collected areas of Asia. Some taxa with an amphi-Pacific distribution range into south Asia, or even further. In the Nearctic, they may range southwards into Central and South
<collectingCountry id="F37EA685FFFB4933FF3EFB8CC4A0FBFA" box="[151,252,1118,1144]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="67">America</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFF89BE4FFFB4933FEA3FB8CC5F9FBFA" author="Saether" box="[266,421,1118,1144]" pageId="10" pageNumber="68" refString="Saether, O. A. (2000) Zoogeographical patterns in Chironomidae (Diptera). Verhandlungen der Internationalen Vereinigung fur theoretische und angewandte Limnologie, 27, 290 - 302." type="journal article" year="2000">Saether 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>