749 lines
78 KiB
XML
749 lines
78 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728793" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8756f54-d5c7-41b7-b912-d860d34854cf" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163293664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3728793" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1585248778940" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="A. G. Wheeler, Jr. & Rothschild, Mark J." docDate="2020" docId="03BB87D68D5ED56DFFEFFD46FF4EB9BB" docLanguage="en" docName="PROC.ENTOMOL.SOC.WASH.122.1.211.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 122 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docStyleName="procentomolsocwash.2010.journal_article" docTitle="Stictolobus minutus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" masterDocId="FF82FFAE8D5BD567FF9CFFD1FF94BA03" masterDocTitle="Do Nymphs Of The Treehopper Stictolobus Minutus (Funkhouser) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) Specialize On Grasses?" masterLastPageNumber="234" masterPageNumber="211" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" updateTime="1643439332212" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Do Nymphs Of The Treehopper Stictolobus Minutus (Funkhouser) (Hemiptera: Membracidae) Specialize On Grasses?</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>A. G. Wheeler, Jr.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Rothschild, Mark J.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2020-02-29</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>122</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>211</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>234</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.4289/0013-8797.122.1.211</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">c8756f54-d5c7-41b7-b912-d860d34854cf</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3728072</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728793" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163293664" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3728793" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87D68D5ED56DFFEFFD46FF4EB9BB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BB87D68D5ED56DFFEFFD46FF4EB9BB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[115,612,662,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[115,612,662,687]" box="[115,612,662,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
<heading box="[115,612,662,687]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" reason="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Funkhouser, 1915)" baseAuthorityName="Funkhouser" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[115,612,662,687]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[115,358,663,687]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[376,603,662,687]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[302,457,711,736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[302,457,711,736]" box="[302,457,711,736]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[311,448,711,736]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[191,237,1656,1676]" captionTargetBox="[164,1208,199,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[162,1210,196,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 3–10. Stictolobus minutus. 3, Adult male. 4, Adult female. 5, Male genitalia. 6, First instar. 7, Second instar. 8, Third instar. 9, Fourth instar. 10, Fifth instar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3728076/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Figs. 3–10</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1830
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Say" authorityName="Say" box="[185,516,761,786]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[185,451,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis subulata</emphasis>
|
||
Say
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(junior primary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Weber, 1801" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[415,523,794,818]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref16887" refString="Weber, F. 1801. Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones 1801: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1801">Weber, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but no available substitute name)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" box="[105,528,893,918]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1852
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[177,258,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Thelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[177,258,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Thelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,302,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">)</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Walker" box="[311,528,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[311,419,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
: Walker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1890
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Provancher" authorityName="Provancher" box="[202,618,927,952]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,433,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Ceresa subulata</emphasis>
|
||
: Provancher
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[probable misidentification]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1892
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[186,400,993,1017]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[186,400,993,1017]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Ceresa subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?): Harrington [probable misidentification]
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1894 (?)
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[246,532,1060,1084]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sublata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,532,1060,1084]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala sublata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[sic]: Goding
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1908
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[187,359,1126,1150]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[187,359,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(?)
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Van Duzee" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[433,541,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
: Van Duzee
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
1915
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Funkhouser" authorityName=": Funkhouser" authorityYear="1951" box="[182,618,1192,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[182,456,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala minuta</emphasis>
|
||
Funkhouser
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(synonymized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Caldwell, J. S." box="[368,556,1225,1250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="491 - 521" refId="ref11429" refString="Caldwell, J. S. 1949. A generic revision of the treehoppers of the tribe Ceresini in America north of Mexico, based on a study of the male genitalia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 98: 491 - 521 + pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1949">Caldwell 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) 1916
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Metcalf 1951" authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[177,446,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus subulatus</emphasis>
|
||
: Metcalf 1951
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Funkhouser 1951" authorityName=": Funkhouser" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[177,445,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala minuta</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref12597" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1951. Homoptera fam. Membracidae. Genera Insectorum 208: 1 - 383 + pls. I-XIV." type="journal article" year="1951">Funkhouser 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Funkhouser 1965" authorityName="Funkhouser" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[177,446,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus subulatus</emphasis>
|
||
: Funkhouser 1965
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=": Metcalf and Wade" authorityName="Metcalf and Wade" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[183,436,1359,1383]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
: Metcalf and Wade
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[105,619,761,1749]" lastBlockId="5.[651,1161,196,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
Taxonomy.—The nomenclatural history of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[235,491,1458,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,491,1458,1482]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
involves homonymy, synonymy, disagreement regarding the proper generic name (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Duzee, E. P." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="29 - 125" refId="ref16623" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. 1908. Studies in North American Membracidae. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences 9: 29 - 125 + 2 pls." type="book chapter" year="1908">Van Duzee 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and imprecise nomenclatural actions.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[296,462,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say’s (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was designated as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[474,527,1625,1649]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Metcalf" authorityYear="1916" box="[246,380,1657,1681]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,380,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[427,613,1657,1682]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref14183" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. 1916. The rediscovery of Membracis subulata Say, with a description of a new genus (Homop.). Entomological News 27: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1916">Metcalf (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who chose the new generic name to convey a similarity to species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" box="[651,870,196,220]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,816,196,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Goding (Funkhouser 1951)" authorityName="Goding (Funkhouser" authorityYear="1951" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Cyrtolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1062,196,220]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Cyrtolobus</emphasis>
|
||
Goding (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[659,880,229,254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref12597" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1951. Homoptera fam. Membracidae. Genera Insectorum 208: 1 - 383 + pls. I-XIV." type="journal article" year="1951">Funkhouser 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[905,1160,229,254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser’s (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Funkhouser" authorityYear="1951" box="[826,1090,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[826,1090,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, was synonymized with
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[888,1045,296,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say’s (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1056,1160,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1056,1160,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Caldwell, J. S." box="[694,897,329,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="491 - 521" refId="ref11429" refString="Caldwell, J. S. 1949. A generic revision of the treehoppers of the tribe Ceresini in America north of Mexico, based on a study of the male genitalia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 98: 491 - 521 + pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1949">Caldwell (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[917,1155,329,354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref12597" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1951. Homoptera fam. Membracidae. Genera Insectorum 208: 1 - 383 + pls. I-XIV." type="journal article" year="1951">Funkhouser (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, in fascicle 208 of
|
||
<emphasis box="[908,1153,363,386]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Genera Insectorum</emphasis>
|
||
, could not have been aware of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Caldwell, J. S." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="491 - 521" refId="ref11429" refString="Caldwell, J. S. 1949. A generic revision of the treehoppers of the tribe Ceresini in America north of Mexico, based on a study of the male genitalia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 98: 491 - 521 + pls. 18 - 23." type="journal article" year="1949">Caldwell’s (1949)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymy. The fascicle, although written before World War II, was not published until 1951 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[949,1147,495,520]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="49 - 66" refId="ref12297" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. 1994. The publication and dating of P. A. Wytsman's Genera Insectorum. Archives of Natural History 21: 49 - 66." type="journal article" year="1994">Evenhuis 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,887,529,552]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Genera Insectorum</emphasis>
|
||
suspended operations in 1940 and resumed publication well after the war ended (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moon, M. J." box="[882,1031,595,620]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="10" refId="ref14307" refString="Moon, M. J. 1985. Illustrations in Genera Insectorum: Report of a special problem. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 31 (4): 10, 12." type="journal article" year="1985">Moon 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[651,1161,196,1749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
Metcalf and Wade (1965) apparently were unaware that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[908,1073,661,686]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say’s (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is preoccupied by
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Weber, 1801" authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[651,1111,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,918,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis subulata</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, F." box="[937,1111,727,752]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref16887" refString="Weber, F. 1801. Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones 1801: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1801">Weber, 1801</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In their catalog, they listed Say’s
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[1053,1161,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1053,1161,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Funkhouser" authorityName="Funkhouser" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
Funkhouser
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and placed
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref16887" refString="Weber, F. 1801. Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones 1801: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1801">Weber’s (1801)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[751,859,860,884]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[751,859,860,884]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a valid species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1775" box="[651,792,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[651,792,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, without noting that Say’s species was a junior primary homonym. Kopp and Yonke (1979) alluded to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weber, F." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 116" refId="ref16887" refString="Weber, F. 1801. Observationes entomologicae, continentes novorum quae condidit generum characteres, et nuper detectarum specierum descriptiones 1801: 1 - 116." type="journal article" year="1801">Weber’s (1801)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis subulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, rendering Say’s
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Membracis subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a homonym, but they were inaccurate in referring to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Funkhouser, 1915" authorityName="Funkhouser" authorityYear="1915" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictocephala minuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[744,965,1126,1151]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a new name. With recognition of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[985,1161,1159,1184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say’s (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
name as a junior primary homonym,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[651,920,1225,1250]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser’s (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Funkhouser" authorityYear="1915" box="[938,1025,1227,1250]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,1025,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although synonymized with Say’s
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[989,1097,1259,1283]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[989,1097,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, became a valid name under Article 60.2 of the International Code on Zoological Nomenclature (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[838,983,1358,1383]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" refId="ref13215" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature). 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, 4 th ed. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London. xxix + 306 pp." type="book" year="1999">ICZN 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Accordingly, authorities regard
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Funkhouser" authorityName="Funkhouser" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[905,1160,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">Stictolobus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
Funkhouser
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as valid (Metcalf and Wade 1965, Kopp and Yonke 1979,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKamey, S. H." pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 377" refId="ref14137" refString="McKamey, S. H. 1998. Taxonomic Catalogue of the Membracoidea (exclusive of leafhoppers). Second Supplement to Fascicle 1 - Membracidae of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 60: 1 - 377." type="journal article" year="1998">McKamey 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Deitz and Wallace 2012). A complete list of synonymy is available in catalogs by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[763,999,1558,1583]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" refId="ref12568" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1927. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle I, Membracidae. Smith College, Northampton, MA. 581 pp." type="book" year="1927">Funkhouser (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Metcalf and Wade (1965), and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McKamey, S. H." box="[879,1101,1591,1616]" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" pagination="1 - 377" refId="ref14137" refString="McKamey, S. H. 1998. Taxonomic Catalogue of the Membracoidea (exclusive of leafhoppers). Second Supplement to Fascicle 1 - Membracidae of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 60: 1 - 377." type="journal article" year="1998">McKamey (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="5" pageNumber="216" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[651,1161,196,1749]" lastBlockId="7.[109,619,196,1749]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="218" pageId="5" pageNumber="216">
|
||
Diagnosis.—Distinguished from superficially similar adults of ceresine membracids by overall shape, markings, and coloration of densely punctate pronotum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[256,391,196,221]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[191,237,1656,1676]" captionTargetBox="[164,1208,199,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[162,1210,196,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 3–10. Stictolobus minutus. 3, Adult male. 4, Adult female. 5, Male genitalia. 6, First instar. 7, Second instar. 8, Third instar. 9, Fourth instar. 10, Fifth instar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3728076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Figs. 3, 4</figureCitation>
|
||
), combined with distinctive male genitalia: long, thin, curved lateral tooth and aedeagus with anterior arm absent and posterior arm with anteriorly facing hook near apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[118,200,362,387]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[191,237,1656,1676]" captionTargetBox="[164,1208,199,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[162,1210,196,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 3–10. Stictolobus minutus. 3, Adult male. 4, Adult female. 5, Male genitalia. 6, First instar. 7, Second instar. 8, Third instar. 9, Fourth instar. 10, Fifth instar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3728076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Nymphs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[357,497,362,387]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="6.[191,237,1656,1676]" captionTargetBox="[164,1208,199,1623]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[162,1210,196,1624]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figs. 3–10. Stictolobus minutus. 3, Adult male. 4, Adult female. 5, Male genitalia. 6, First instar. 7, Second instar. 8, Third instar. 9, Fourth instar. 10, Fifth instar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3728076/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Figs. 6–10</figureCitation>
|
||
) identifiable by number, arrangement, and shape (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[117,346,428,453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="163 - 206" refId="ref12510" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1923. Family Membracidae, pp. 163 - 206. In Britton, W. E., ed. Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part IV. The Hemiptera or sucking insects of Connecticut. Connecticut State Geological and Natural History Survey Bulletin 34. 807 pp." type="book chapter" year="1923">Funkhouser 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of dorsal spinelike scoli, and associated stalked chalazae, on head, pronotum, and abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3728076" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3728076" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3728076/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" startId="6.[191,237,1656,1676]" targetBox="[164,1208,199,1623]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[159,1212,1656,1704]" box="[191,1212,1656,1676]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
Figs. 3–10.
|
||
<emphasis box="[328,534,1656,1676]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[328,530,1656,1676]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="217" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">Stictolobus minutus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
3, Adult male. 4, Adult female. 5, Male genitalia. 6, First instar. 7,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[159,1212,1656,1704]" box="[159,797,1684,1704]" pageId="6" pageNumber="217">Second instar. 8, Third instar. 9, Fourth instar. 10, Fifth instar.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[109,619,196,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Description.—Adults are slender with virtually no suprahumeral horns. In lateral view, the markings consist of two white to yellowish thin lines, each starting just behind the humeral angle of the pronotum, converging, and ending approximately one-third to one-half the length from the apex. Markings are obscure in some specimens. Coloration ranges from testaceous yellow to light or dark green in live specimens and straw yellow to dark green in preserved specimens.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[109,619,196,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Measurements are based on specimens from our study: males n = 8, females n = 10. Length (including wings): male 5.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[237,340,1026,1051]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female 6.4–7.0 mm. Length of pronotum: male
|
||
<quantity box="[457,614,1059,1084]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="4.85" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="4.5">4.5–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female 5.0–
|
||
<quantity box="[265,372,1093,1118]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="5.6">5.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Width across humeral angles: male
|
||
<quantity box="[361,518,1126,1151]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="2.2">2.2–2.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female
|
||
<quantity box="[109,266,1159,1184]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="2.4" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Height of pronotum at humeral angle: male
|
||
<quantity box="[357,515,1192,1217]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2999999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.2999999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, female
|
||
<quantity box="[109,265,1225,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" unit="mm" value="1.35" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[109,619,196,1749]" lastBlockId="7.[651,1161,196,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
Distribution.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[334,481,1259,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[109,371,1292,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[109,371,1292,1316]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Membracis subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on a specimen(s) from “
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[293,422,1325,1350]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser’s (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description of the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Funkhouser" authorityYear="1915" box="[109,389,1392,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[109,389,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Stictocephala minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a synonym of Say’s species) was based on a male he collected at Spring Creek,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[510,614,1458,1483]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, which potentially could refer to multiple localities in the state (
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[400,503,1524,1549]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
Atlas & Gazetteer, 1st ed., DeLorme
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[513,532,1551,1568]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[513,532,1551,1568]" fontSize="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">®</superScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, Yarmouth,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[207,293,1591,1616]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Maine</collectingRegion>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[317,559,1591,1616]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[259,313,1625,1649]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen on
|
||
<date pageId="7" pageNumber="218" value="1912-07-22">22 July 1912</date>
|
||
, soon after participating in the Cornell University Expedition to Okefenokee Swamp in southeastern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[518,619,1724,1749]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
from
|
||
<date box="[724,1048,196,221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" value="1912-05-28" valueMax="1912-07-13" valueMin="1912-05-28">28 May to 13 July 1912</date>
|
||
(Wright and Harper 1913). He apparently continued to do fieldwork, rather than return to Ithaca,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[790,927,296,321]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and collected in southwestern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[823,924,329,354]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
at “Spring Creek.” Cornell entomologist J. Chester Bradley, who headed the Okefenokee Expedition (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cornell University" box="[659,1001,428,453]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="219" refId="ref11855" refString="Cornell University. 1912. Will explore Okefenokee Swamp: Cornell naturalists to spend six weeks in Georgia next summer. Cornell Alumni News 14 (19): 219." type="journal article" year="1912">Cornell University 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), began to collect insects at Spring Creek in Decatur County while he was an assistant (
|
||
<date box="[660,805,528,553]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" value="1909" valueMax="1911">1909–1911</date>
|
||
, 1913) to the State Entomologist of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[829,930,561,586]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[960,1156,561,586]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="112 - 117" refId="ref17317" refString="Wheeler, W. M. 1913. Ants collected in Georgia by Dr. J. C. Bradley and Mr. W. T. Davis. 20: 112 - 117." type="journal article" year="1913">Wheeler 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Rehn and Hebard 1916,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvert, P. P." box="[983,1155,595,620]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="221 - 232" refId="ref11481" refString="Calvert, P. P. 1921. Gomphus dilatatus, vastus and a new species, lineatifrons (Odonata). Transactions of the American Entomological Society 47: 221 - 232." type="journal article" year="1921">Calvert 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pechuman, L. L." box="[651,863,628,653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="923" refId="ref14849" refString="Pechuman, L. L. 1975. James Chester Bradley 1884 - 1975. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 68: 923." type="journal article" year="1975">Pechuman 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The Decatur County Spring Creek, which we determine to be
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[651,916,694,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser’s (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[929,983,695,719]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, currently is the small town known as Brinson; it was founded in 1907 as the Mount Zion community, but the post office was called Spring Creek (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krakow, K. K." box="[921,1101,827,852]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refId="ref13645" refString="Krakow, K. K. 1975. Georgia Place-Names. Winship Press, Macon, GA. 272 pp." type="book" year="1975">Krakow 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[651,1161,196,1749]" lastBlockId="8.[159,670,196,1749]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="219" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Van Duzee, E. P." box="[682,956,860,885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="387 - 391" refId="ref16595" refString="Van Duzee, E. P. 1890. Synonymy of the Homoptera described by Say, Harris and Fitch. Psyche 5: 387 - 391." type="journal article" year="1890">Van Duzee’s (1890)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
comment that Say’s
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Weber" authorityYear="1801" box="[730,835,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Membracis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[730,835,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was “unknown” to present-day entomologists was followed by its designation as a “lost” species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goding, F. W." pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="391 - 482" refId="ref12741" refString="Goding, F. W. 1894. Bibliographical and synonymical catalogue of the described Membracidae of North America. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History 3: 391 - 482." type="journal article" year="1894">Goding (1894)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[803,993,993,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref14183" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. 1916. The rediscovery of Membracis subulata Say, with a description of a new genus (Homop.). Entomological News 27: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1916">Metcalf (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
rediscovered this “rare and interesting” membracid when he collected a male at light in Raleigh,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[730,922,1093,1118]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. He suggested that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[651,812,1126,1151]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say’s (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species had not been seen since its original description. Two putative Canadian records, however, preceded
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[651,870,1225,1250]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref14183" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. 1916. The rediscovery of Membracis subulata Say, with a description of a new genus (Homop.). Entomological News 27: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1916">Metcalf’s (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
paper: Hull, Quebec (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Provancher, L." box="[659,884,1259,1284]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="335 - 340" refId="ref15127" refString="Provancher, L. 1890. Petite Faune Entomologique du Canada et Particulierement de la Province de Quebec. Vol. III. Cinquieme Ordre Les Hemipteres: Additions and corrections, pp. 335 - 340." type="book chapter" year="1890">Provancher 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Say" authorityName="Say" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[950,1161,1259,1283]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Ceresa subulata</emphasis>
|
||
Say
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and Ottawa, Ontario (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Harrington, W. H." pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="25 - 32" refId="ref12842" refString="Harrington, W. H. 1892. Fauna Ottawaensis. Ottawa Naturalist 6: 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="1892">Harrington 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Say" authorityName="Say" box="[779,1063,1325,1350]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[779,987,1325,1349]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">Ceresa subulata</emphasis>
|
||
, Say
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
?). Hull (now a district in the city of Gatineau) and Ottawa are on opposite sides of the Ottawa River. Records of the membracid from both provinces were included in catalogs by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[801,1037,1491,1516]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refId="ref12568" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1927. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle I, Membracidae. Smith College, Northampton, MA. 581 pp." type="book" year="1927">Funkhouser (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Metcalf and Wade (1965), and were listed by Deitz and Wallace (2012). Canadian records of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[779,906,1591,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[779,794,1591,1615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,906,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were not included in the known distribution (southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1106,1160,1624,1649]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="218">U.S.</collectingCountry>
|
||
only) listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[848,1087,1657,1682]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref12597" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1951. Homoptera fam. Membracidae. Genera Insectorum 208: 1 - 383 + pls. I-XIV." type="journal article" year="1951">Funkhouser (1951)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or in the checklist of Canadian and Alaskan
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Maw et al. 2000)" baseAuthorityName="Maw" baseAuthorityYear="2000" box="[651,1024,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">
|
||
Hemiptera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maw, H. E. L. & Foottit, K. G. A." box="[800,1016,1724,1749]" pageId="7" pageNumber="218" refId="ref13998" refString="Maw, H. E. L., R. G. Foottit, K. G. A. Hamilton, and G. G. E. Scudder. 2000. Checklist of the Hemiptera of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa. 220 pp." type="book" year="2000">Maw et al. 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The latter publication, however, included Ontario and Quebec as the sole Canadian records for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[220,611,262,287]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lutea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[220,473,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Stictocephala lutea</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, an abundant ceresine occasionally observed “in swarms” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn, H." box="[354,533,329,354]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="137 - 140" refId="ref14828" refString="Osborn, H. 1911. Economic importance of Stictocephala. Journal of Economic Entomology 4: 137 - 140." type="journal article" year="1911">Osborn 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It lacks pronotal (suprahumeral) horns or projections and is similar enough in coloration and size (
|
||
<quantity box="[341,440,428,453]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="177 - 445" refId="ref12480" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1917. Biology of the Membracidae of the Cayuga Lake Basin. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 11: 177 - 445." type="journal article" year="1917">Funkhouser 1917</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) to have been misidentified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(5.0–7.0 mm).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[475,670,495,520]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref14183" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. 1916. The rediscovery of Membracis subulata Say, with a description of a new genus (Homop.). Entomological News 27: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1916">Metcalf (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was justified in saying that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Say, T." box="[510,670,528,553]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="299 - 314" refId="ref15582" refString="Say, T. 1830. Descriptions of new North American hemipterous insects, belonging to the first family of the section Homoptera of Latreille. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 5 (6): 299 - 314." type="journal article" year="1830">Say’s (1830)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
species had not been seen since the original description; he could not have known that
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." box="[330,598,628,653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="97 - 101" refId="ref12450" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1915. New Membracidae from the United States (Hemip., Homop.). Entomological News 26: 97 - 101." type="journal article" year="1915">Funkhouser’s (1915)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
new species,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Funkhouser" authorityYear="1915" box="[289,576,661,685]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictocephala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis box="[289,576,661,685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Stictocephala minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[159,261,694,719]" name="Georgia" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Georgia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, eventually would be synonymized with Say’s
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[384,489,728,752]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[384,489,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[159,670,196,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[191,450,761,785]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[191,450,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Stictolobus minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in addition to
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[159,263,794,819]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Georgia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[277,403,794,819]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[471,665,794,819]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, now is known from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[455,549,827,852]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[572,664,827,852]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[159,305,860,885]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[323,399,861,884]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[475,578,860,885]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Kopp and Yonke 1973b, Deitz and Wallace 2012,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rothschild, M. J." box="[259,491,927,952]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" refId="ref15374" refString="Rothschild, M. J. 2012. A checklist of the Membracidae of Florida. Stictolobus minutus (Funkhouser). Available at http: // www. fsca-dpi. org / Homoptera _ Hemiptera / membracidae / stictolobus % / % 20 minutus % (Funkhouser). pdf. Accessed 26 August 2019." type="book" year="2012">Rothschild 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from these states (except
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[530,603,961,984]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[159,252,993,1018]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
) are in the USNM and are represented by singletons at each locality:
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592154343" collectingDate="1921-07-25" collectingDateMax="1930-07-26" collectingDateMin="1921-07-25" collectorName="C. J. Drake" location="Aberdeen" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Aberdeen">
|
||
IL: Karnak,
|
||
<date box="[315,465,1059,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1930-07-26">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[315,465,1059,1084]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1930-07-26">26 Jul 1930</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Knight & Rose (abdomen missing). MS:
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[495,621,1093,1118]" country="United Kingdom" name="Aberdeen City" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Aberdeen</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1921-07-25">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1921-07-25">25 Jul 1921</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[284,430,1126,1151]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">C. J. Drake</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[443,466,1125,1150]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592154344" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Belmont,
|
||
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1921-07-05">5 Jul 1921</date>
|
||
, Ơ;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592154346" collectingDate="1920-07-12" collectionCode="FSCA" collectorName="H. L. Dozier" location="Pascagoula" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87D68D5ED56DFFEFFD46FF4EB9BB:8ECD601B8D53D56FFE84FB56FE3CBEA3" box="[280,424,1159,1184]" name="Pascagoula" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Pascagoula</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[438,590,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1920-07-12">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[438,590,1159,1184]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1920-07-12">12 Jul 1920</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="8" pageNumber="219">H. L. Dozier</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[266,289,1192,1217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(a
|
||
<specimenCount box="[342,365,1192,1217]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, with same data, is in
|
||
<collectionCode box="[159,243,1225,1250]" collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">FSCA</collectionCode>
|
||
);
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2592154345" collectingDate="1921-07-07" collectingDateMax="1926-08-17" collectingDateMin="1921-07-07" collectorName="Z. P. Metcalf & E. D. Ball Collection" county="Pender Co." location="Jamestown" municipality="Burgaw" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="2">
|
||
Tishomingo,
|
||
<date box="[443,588,1225,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1921-07-07">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[443,588,1225,1250]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1921-07-07">7 Jul 1921</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, C. J. Drake, Ơ. NC: [
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[357,504,1259,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Pender Co.</collectingCounty>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[526,626,1260,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Burgaw</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1926-08-17">
|
||
<collectingDate pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1926-08-17">17 Aug 1926</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName box="[299,464,1292,1317]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Z. P. Metcalf</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[476,499,1291,1316]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
. VA: “Jas.T.” [
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BB87D68D5ED56DFFEFFD46FF4EB9BB:8ECD601B8D53D56FFF3BFAFCFEA9BF45" box="[167,317,1325,1350]" county="Pender Co." municipality="Burgaw" name="Jamestown" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Jamestown</location>
|
||
?],
|
||
<date box="[354,515,1325,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1925-07-26">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[354,515,1325,1350]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1925-07-26">26 Jul 1925</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName pageId="8" pageNumber="219">E. D. Ball Collection</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[308,331,1358,1383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[159,670,196,1749]" lastBlockId="8.[701,1212,195,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
We were unable to document a depository for a Texas specimen(s); V. Belov (pers. comm., 2019) could not find specimens in the Texas A&M University Insect Collection. The FSCA contains specimens from Florida: Alachua Co., Gainesville, Doyle Conner Bldg.,
|
||
<date box="[259,459,1624,1649]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1973-06-25">25 June 1973</date>
|
||
, F. W. Mead, blacklight trap, Ơ & 25–27 July, F. W. Mead, blacklight trap,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[451,474,1690,1715]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; Gainesville,
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4484096" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" unit="mi" value="9.0">9 mi.</quantity>
|
||
NW,
|
||
<date box="[274,408,1724,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1978-07-03">3 Jul 1978</date>
|
||
, Robert A. Belmont, blacklight trap,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[911,934,195,220]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
. Baker Co., Osceola NF, East Forest Tower,
|
||
<date box="[999,1141,229,254]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1977-06-02">2 Jun 1977</date>
|
||
, J. R. Wiley, blacklight trap,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[996,1019,262,287]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
. An additional collection from a previously known Mississippi locale is Belmont,
|
||
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1921-06-07">7 Jun 1921</date>
|
||
, H. L. Dozier,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[950,973,361,386]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; a new Mississippi locale is Jackson Co., Moss Point, Cumbest’s Saw Mill,
|
||
<date box="[975,1133,428,453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1968-06-26">26 Jun 1968</date>
|
||
, L. H. Williams, blacklight trap, 2Ơ (FSCA). Data for Louisiana and South Carolina, posted on the iDigBio website (https:// www.idigbio.org/portal/records/cd47cd84- 4060-4e77-8eea-bd9454e1d477 and idigibio. org/portal/records/4b1d9c58-a711-480f- 9f2c-a2bb2e7c82cd), are here formally published as new state records: LA: Natchitoches Parish, Kisatchi National Forest, Red Bluff Campground,
|
||
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="2002-09-13">13 Sep 2002</date>
|
||
, S. T. Dash, mercury vapor light,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1188,1211,793,818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(UDEL); SC: Charleston Co., McClellanville, G. Stowe Duckery,
|
||
<date box="[996,1143,860,885]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1970-06-27">27 Jun 1970</date>
|
||
, L. L. Deitz, 2Ơ (NCSU). The iDigBio site also lists additional North Carolina collections: Pender Co., Burgaw, Big Savannah [no date or collector], Ơ,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[971,1009,993,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1027,1096,993,1018]" name="Wake Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Wake</collectingCountry>
|
||
Co., Raleigh,
|
||
<date box="[774,900,1026,1051]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" value="1905-07-05">5 Jul 1905</date>
|
||
, Z. P. Metcalf,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1075,1098,1026,1051]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(NCSU). The Raleigh specimen apparently is the female
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[789,969,1093,1118]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref14183" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. 1916. The rediscovery of Membracis subulata Say, with a description of a new genus (Homop.). Entomological News 27: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1916">Metcalf (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected in Raleigh in early July (no year noted) and used to redescribe Say’s
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,1015,1159,1183]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[906,1011,1159,1183]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">subulata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[701,1212,195,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
We collected
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[906,1038,1193,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[906,1038,1193,1217]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only in Buck Creek’s West Barrens in Clay County,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[701,897,1259,1284]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. An attempt to collect it in the East Barrens (and in other southeastern locales) was unsuccessful.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[701,1212,195,1749]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">
|
||
Plant associations.—
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Metcalf, Z. P." box="[1011,1211,1358,1383]" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref14183" refString="Metcalf, Z. P. 1916. The rediscovery of Membracis subulata Say, with a description of a new genus (Homop.). Entomological News 27: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1916">Metcalf (1916)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
speculated that the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[820,967,1425,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Ceresa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subulata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,836,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,967,1425,1449]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">subulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) taken at light in Raleigh,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[816,1009,1458,1483]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
, came from oak [
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[711,812,1492,1515]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,812,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. A putative “host,” bald cypress (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[711,972,1525,1549]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,972,1525,1549]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Taxodium distichum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[L.] Rich.;
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cupressaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), was mentioned without attribution (Kopp and Yonke 1973b). The source of their record is a specimen from Karnak,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[816,902,1657,1682]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Illinois</collectingRegion>
|
||
(USNM; D. D. Kopp, pers. comm., 2017), taken by “Knight and Rose” on
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[825,1070,1724,1748]" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Taxodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="219" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="distichum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[825,1070,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="219">Taxodium distichum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[109,619,196,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
We collected nymphs and adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the basal stems and crowns of big bluestem (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Vitman" authorityYear="1792" box="[327,466,263,287]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Andropogon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gerardii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[327,466,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">A. gerardii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<date pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2016" valueMax="2019">2016 to 2019</date>
|
||
and once from leaf litter within crowns. Nymphs were solitary, although occasionally two or three were collected from a large plant; they were not attended by ants, as is typical of North American ceresine treehoppers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Funkhouser, W. D." pageId="9" pageNumber="220" pagination="177 - 445" refId="ref12480" refString="Funkhouser, W. D. 1917. Biology of the Membracidae of the Cayuga Lake Basin. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir 11: 177 - 445." type="journal article" year="1917">Funkhouser 1917: 399</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On little bluestem (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scoparium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">S. scoparium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), fourth and fifth instars (n = 9) and two adults were collected in 2018, and one each of instars III to V was taken in 2019. In late
|
||
<date box="[318,447,628,653]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2016-07">July 2016</date>
|
||
, two fifth instars were beaten from a panicgrass (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gould (Hitchc. & Chase)" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1974" baseAuthorityName="L." box="[119,469,694,718]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Dichanthelium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dichotomum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[119,469,694,718]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Dichanthelium dichotomum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Gould. The treehopper typically was found on its hosts near wooded areas of the powerline cut rather than on grasses in open areas devoid of trees and shrubs. Nymphs were not found at Buck Creek in sampling forbs or other grasses (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[109,406,927,951]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Deschampsia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cespitosa">
|
||
<emphasis box="[109,406,927,951]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Deschampsia cespitosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and they were not observed on big bluestem at nonserpentine sites in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[362,558,993,1018]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[109,314,1026,1051]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
. We did not observe nymphs or adults on woody plants.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[109,619,196,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Seasonality.—Only adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have previously been reported. The earliest records are 2 June in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[528,619,1159,1184]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
(FSCA), 5 June in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[412,618,1192,1217]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(NCSU), 26 June in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[362,505,1225,1250]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
(FSCA), and 27 June in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[306,496,1259,1284]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(NCSU). The latest records are 13 September in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[109,233,1325,1350]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
(UDCC) and 17 August in Burgaw,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[223,413,1358,1383]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
(USNM).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[109,619,196,1749]" lastBlockId="9.[651,1161,196,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
When
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[230,367,1392,1416]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,367,1392,1416]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was discovered at Buck Creek on
|
||
<date box="[305,470,1425,1450]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2016-07-10">10 July 2016</date>
|
||
, late instars (IV, V) and an adult (which escaped) were present. Fourth and fifth instars and adults were present on 23 July (3Ơ,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[569,608,1524,1549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) and 30 July (1Ơ,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[338,377,1557,1583]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
), and two fifth instars were found with three adults on 6 August. In 2017, nymphs were not detected in sampling big bluestem on 27 May or 8 June, but on 21 June, third and fourth instars were present. More fourth than third instars were found on 10 July, fifth instars and adults (2Ơ,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1036,1074,229,254]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) were present on 26 July, and one fifth instar (no adults) was observed on 12 August. The fifth instar collected live on 12 August, which is our latest record of a nymph, molted to an adult female four days later. Weekly sampling in 2018 indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[718,861,462,486]" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Stictolobus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minutus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[718,861,462,486]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">S. minutus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
overwinters as eggs. Nymphs were not found on 28 April when new growth of big bluestem was about
|
||
<quantity box="[734,801,561,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high, or on 12 May when stem height was
|
||
<quantity box="[888,1025,595,620]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="cm" value="13.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="11.0">11–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
. The first nymphs—one first and one second instar —were observed on 9 June (95 min of sampling). Eight nymphs were found on 16 June (1–I, 5–II, 1–III); 18 on 23 June (3–II, 15–III); 22 on 30 June (1–II [molted to III next day], 16–III, 5–IV); 21 on 8 July (5–III, 16–IV); 21 on 14 July (2–III, 16–IV, 3–V); 17 on 21 July (13–IV, 4–V); 9 on 28 July (3–IV, 6–V); and 8 on 4 August (3–IV, 5–V).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[651,1161,196,1749]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">In 2019, a first instar was found on 1 June, our earliest nymphal record. Nine nymphs were observed on 15 June (5–II, 4–III); 7 on 22 June (1–II, 5–III, 1–IV); 14 on 6 July (7–III, 7–IV); and 3 on 4 August (3–V). An adult female was observed on 4 August, and one of the fifth instars taken that day molted to an adult female on 13 August. No individuals were found on 17 August.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[651,1161,196,1749]" lastBlockId="10.[159,670,196,952]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
In all four years, we observed fewer adults than nymphs. The earliest we found an adult (Ơ) was 8 July during weekly sampling in 2018, six weeks after the detection of a first and a second instar (9 June). A teneral male was observed that year on 14 July, two males on 21 July, the first female on 28 July, and one female on 4 August. In 2019, one adult (
|
||
<specimenCount box="[661,684,1590,1615]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) was found on 4 August. The largest number of adults taken in a day’s sampling was six (2Ơ,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[889,928,1657,1682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="female">4♀</specimenCount>
|
||
) on
|
||
<date box="[986,1157,1657,1682]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2017-06-26">26 June 2017</date>
|
||
. Laboratory studies.—The first instar placed on big bluestem on 1 June was observed the next day, head up, on a stem about
|
||
<quantity box="[316,384,229,254]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
from the base. After being found in the same position the next morning, the nymph was not seen again and no carcass was found. One of the two second instars placed on the same plant on 15 June was found the next day with its head up about
|
||
<quantity box="[474,542,429,452]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="cm" value="7.0">7 cm</quantity>
|
||
from the base; it apparently had molted. Later in the day, the now third instar was higher on the stem (
|
||
<quantity box="[331,412,528,553]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
|
||
from base) with its head up; it later moved down (ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[589,656,561,586]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
|
||
), with its head facing the plant’s base. On the second day, the second instar was detected on a shorter stem, its head down, about
|
||
<quantity box="[325,412,694,719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
from the base. Neither nymph was found after 17 June.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[159,670,196,952]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Water droplets deposited on nymphs ran off the cuticular surface without beading on scoli, indicating that these spinelike structures are not hydrophilic. Submerged nymphs showed no air bubbles.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |