treatments-xml/data/9D/8D/B7/9D8DB7A7279A2B183DA50506AA5CA8D2.xml
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<mods:classification id="DA975DE9C11F669B8D786E980CE0AC3B">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EA0A95D1F97FAD2AEBC4F2209708F0AE" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="181C55B9B6E766293638B4EA8F1B1763" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-240-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="9D8DB7A7279A2B183DA50506AA5CA8D2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9D8DB7A7279A2B183DA50506AA5CA8D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D8DB7A7279A2B183DA50506AA5CA8D2" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection id="29D8D5E9D43EAE8A659646DD65677010" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7E70DD92FD653904E990FA37AEB4956D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="8AB6489355FFE45023CC996BAA672F57" ID-CoL="9CL4B" authority="Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood, Novon 4 (2): 137. 1994." authorityName="Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood, Novon 4 (2): 137. 1994." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Kanaloa Lorence &amp; K.R. Wood, Novon 4(2): 137. 1994.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="270A81B21E98253261CE8B67A52095CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="B3339314F2EEB0D9D2E4E424661977E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="38212317EC12CF815AF5BA700A167857" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="F151" captionText="Figure 144. Habit and growth forms of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A herbaceous to weakly woody thicket of shrubby Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. in seasonally inundated ruderal habitat, Bolivia (Saerkinen 2159) B, C medium-sized to large trees of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet, north-western Madagascar (Koenen 429) D small tree of Leucaena matudae (Zarate) C. E. Hughes in seasonally dry tropical forest, Guerrero, Mexico (Hughes 2153) E shrub of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood cultivated, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kaua'i, Hawaii F small treelet of Desmanthus fruticosus Rose, Baja California, Mexico (Hughes 1532) G prostrate woody suffrutex of Desmanthus acuminatus Benth., Potosi, Bolivia (Hughes 2314) H shrub of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Hughes 2476) I shrub of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart, Mendoza, Argentina J shrublet of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) K small treelet of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn., Kruger National Park, South Africa L small treelet of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, S. Madagascar (Luckow 4162) M treelet of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar N shrub of Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, in dry spiny forest, southern Madagascar. Photo credits A, D-H, J CE Hughes B, C E Koenen I Estepa Patagonica K B Dupont L M Luckow M C Commenge naturetropicale N D Du Puy." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure144" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 144</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="D2BB540B19BBE5BBED3A3ED1DC5324AC" captionStart="Figure 145" captionStartId="F152" captionText="Figure 145. Inflorescences and flowers of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet (Koenen 435) B inflorescence of Neptunia plena (L.) Benth., basal flowers sterile with showy yellow petaloid staminodia (Wood 26650) C inflorescence of Leucaena esculenta (Sesse &amp; Mocino ex DC.) Benth. (Hughes 1326) D inflorescences and tergeminate leaves of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood E fascicles of capitate inflorescences in axils of coevally developing leaves, Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling &amp; Niezgoda F inflorescences of Desmanthus bicornutus S. Watson showing basal sterile flowers with exserted white showy staminodia (Hughes 1526) G capitate inflorescences of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart H semi-spherical capitate inflorescences of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet (Hughes 1784) I inflorescence of Alantsilodendron ramosum Villiers J spicate inflorescences of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., the basal flowers sterile with showy white staminodia K spicate inflorescence of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn., basal flowers sterile with showy pink staminodia L compact spikes of Dichrostachys akataensis Villiers the basal flowers sterile with showy pale pink staminodia. Photo credits A E Koenen B, C, F, H, J, K CE Hughes D A Palomino E Lauren Gutierrez G D Cabral, Flora Mondocina I, L D Du Puy." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure145" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 145</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="45780EDE7D7138EE5254C56CBAABC729" captionStart="Figure 146" captionStartId="F153" captionText="Figure 146. Fruits of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A leaves and pod of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet, north-eastern Madagascar (Koenen 429) B Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. fruits dehiscing along the dorsal suture (Wood 26650) C ripe pods of Leucaena cruziana Britton &amp; Rose, Oaxaca, Mexico (Hughes 1300) D cluster of unripe pods on a single inflorescence of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. glabrata (Rose) S. Zarate, Honduras (Hughes 1557) E ripe pods of Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth dehiscing along both sutures (Hughes 3098) F unripe fruit of Mezcala balsensis (J. L. Contr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; J. L. Contr., held erect, Guerrero, Mexico G ripe fruits of Mezcala balsensis dehiscing from the apex along both sutures H, I unripe and ripe fruits of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood, cultivated at the Olinda rare plant propagation facility, Maui, Hawaii, USA J ripe fruits of Schleinitzia insularum (Guilemin) Burkart, the valves tardily splitting along both sutures but indehiscent K winged fruits of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar L unripe, lomentiform fruits of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart which break up into one- or few-seeded fragments when ripe M ripe fruits of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, S Bolivia (Hughes 2476) N ripe fruits, elastically dehisced from the apex, Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) O unripe coiled fruits of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn. P ripe fruits dehiscing elastically from the apex, Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, southern Madagascar Q ripe fruits of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, Madagascar. Photo credits A E Koenen B-E, M, N C Hughes F, G J Luis Contreras H, I A Palomino J G McCormack, Cook Islands Biodiversity K, P, Q D Du Puy L I Specogno, Flora Mendocina O Atamari (CC-BY-SA- 3.0)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure146" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014818" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 146</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="85B9AEAFC8266D383FCEB14ADE222F16" captionStart="Figure 152" captionStartId="F159" captionText="Figure 152. Distribution of Kanaloa based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure152" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 152</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FA2A2856CC11C98CD607D6222B66A677" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="99519C669CFC15B0880FE52CB878510A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="961C2150AAC4989C3B9DA6D6D318FDE2">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0597A0502B38765292616A9CB4B5CF6E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="51459C8176AB69BE4AEAA784E35DEDB8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa kahoolawensis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kahoolawensis">
<emphasis id="53617F24CEE9837B8DC4002B8A84B3D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa kahoolawensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lorence &amp; K.R. Wood
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="195E7F86A10D636CCB811360B9F65159" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="AB1F5B66FEBC37C98DA243BBA681EA50" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A012D4248FCF953717DE41C34EF7D39" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Unarmed shrub, 0.75-1 m, branches dense, decumbent (Fig.
<figureCitation id="76F887B594DADBAA614E7B43038D5AC7" captionStart="Figure 144" captionStartId="F151" captionText="Figure 144. Habit and growth forms of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A herbaceous to weakly woody thicket of shrubby Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. in seasonally inundated ruderal habitat, Bolivia (Saerkinen 2159) B, C medium-sized to large trees of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet, north-western Madagascar (Koenen 429) D small tree of Leucaena matudae (Zarate) C. E. Hughes in seasonally dry tropical forest, Guerrero, Mexico (Hughes 2153) E shrub of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood cultivated, National Tropical Botanical Garden, Kaua'i, Hawaii F small treelet of Desmanthus fruticosus Rose, Baja California, Mexico (Hughes 1532) G prostrate woody suffrutex of Desmanthus acuminatus Benth., Potosi, Bolivia (Hughes 2314) H shrub of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, Santa Cruz, Bolivia (Hughes 2476) I shrub of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart, Mendoza, Argentina J shrublet of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) K small treelet of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn., Kruger National Park, South Africa L small treelet of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, S. Madagascar (Luckow 4162) M treelet of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar N shrub of Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, in dry spiny forest, southern Madagascar. Photo credits A, D-H, J CE Hughes B, C E Koenen I Estepa Patagonica K B Dupont L M Luckow M C Commenge naturetropicale N D Du Puy." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure144" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014816" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">144E</figureCitation>
), 0.75-1.5 m long, new growth densely brown hirtellous-villosulous; brachyblasts absent.
<emphasis id="42691DBF5A04AEF6E3FD150E74AC5261" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stipules</emphasis>
free, ovate, villosulous.
<emphasis id="F782541EAD2DF55EB7C3FD16A08E4D1F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
bipinnate, a sessile elliptical gland at point of insertion of pinnae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="930AC9C134E0CE748CA7932B674CDD53" captionStart="Figure 145" captionStartId="F152" captionText="Figure 145. Inflorescences and flowers of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet (Koenen 435) B inflorescence of Neptunia plena (L.) Benth., basal flowers sterile with showy yellow petaloid staminodia (Wood 26650) C inflorescence of Leucaena esculenta (Sesse &amp; Mocino ex DC.) Benth. (Hughes 1326) D inflorescences and tergeminate leaves of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood E fascicles of capitate inflorescences in axils of coevally developing leaves, Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling &amp; Niezgoda F inflorescences of Desmanthus bicornutus S. Watson showing basal sterile flowers with exserted white showy staminodia (Hughes 1526) G capitate inflorescences of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart H semi-spherical capitate inflorescences of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet (Hughes 1784) I inflorescence of Alantsilodendron ramosum Villiers J spicate inflorescences of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., the basal flowers sterile with showy white staminodia K spicate inflorescence of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn., basal flowers sterile with showy pink staminodia L compact spikes of Dichrostachys akataensis Villiers the basal flowers sterile with showy pale pink staminodia. Photo credits A E Koenen B, C, F, H, J, K CE Hughes D A Palomino E Lauren Gutierrez G D Cabral, Flora Mondocina I, L D Du Puy." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure145" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">145D</figureCitation>
), pinnae one pair per leaf, leaflets 3 per pinna, a terminal pair and a single proximal leaflet on the abaxial side, leaflets nearly sessile, ovate to elliptic, asymmetrical, venation reticulate, margin entire.
<emphasis id="B61EE090481ACBAB5BCB73124FC5D28E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Inflorescence</emphasis>
a globose capitulum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E88691D35B846CEFAFDE4EEAA9F21289" captionStart="Figure 145" captionStartId="F152" captionText="Figure 145. Inflorescences and flowers of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet (Koenen 435) B inflorescence of Neptunia plena (L.) Benth., basal flowers sterile with showy yellow petaloid staminodia (Wood 26650) C inflorescence of Leucaena esculenta (Sesse &amp; Mocino ex DC.) Benth. (Hughes 1326) D inflorescences and tergeminate leaves of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood E fascicles of capitate inflorescences in axils of coevally developing leaves, Schleinitzia fosbergii Nevling &amp; Niezgoda F inflorescences of Desmanthus bicornutus S. Watson showing basal sterile flowers with exserted white showy staminodia (Hughes 1526) G capitate inflorescences of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart H semi-spherical capitate inflorescences of Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet (Hughes 1784) I inflorescence of Alantsilodendron ramosum Villiers J spicate inflorescences of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., the basal flowers sterile with showy white staminodia K spicate inflorescence of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn., basal flowers sterile with showy pink staminodia L compact spikes of Dichrostachys akataensis Villiers the basal flowers sterile with showy pale pink staminodia. Photo credits A E Koenen B, C, F, H, J, K CE Hughes D A Palomino E Lauren Gutierrez G D Cabral, Flora Mondocina I, L D Du Puy." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure145" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014817" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">145D</figureCitation>
), 7.0-8.5 mm in diameter, lacking an involucel of united bracts on peduncle, composed of variable numbers of functionally staminate and hermaphrodite flowers, some inflorescences mostly unisexual; sterile flowers bearing showy staminodia absent; bracteoles subtending each flower persistent, deltate or peltate.
<emphasis id="898923EAFF34F8DEB23D8A071C46EF7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowers</emphasis>
20-54 per inflorescence; sepals valvate in bud, connate, the calyx obconic, 5-lobed, pale green, pubescent; petals valvate in bud, 5, free, oblanceolate, inflexed, extremely hirtellous apically, pale green; stamens 10, filaments white, free, anthers dorsifixed, glabrous and eglandular; pollen in spheroidal tricolporate monads, exine rugulate; ovary short, squat, flask-shaped, the stigma in hermaphrodite flowers wide funnelform, anvil-shaped, flanged, peltate.
<emphasis id="B16AA92F342EA050F787D84A5CDCF4BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fruits</emphasis>
stipitate, up to 4 per inflorescence, monospermous, inertly dehiscent along both margins, obovate or subcircular, plano-compressed, valves coriaceous, 2.4-3.2
<normalizedToken id="6682D23C80102D6946F0C9A688B731A7" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2-2.3 cm (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A0FC8A2DCE346128D5B8E42A58A1AA94" captionStart="Figure 146" captionStartId="F153" captionText="Figure 146. Fruits of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A leaves and pod of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet, north-eastern Madagascar (Koenen 429) B Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. fruits dehiscing along the dorsal suture (Wood 26650) C ripe pods of Leucaena cruziana Britton &amp; Rose, Oaxaca, Mexico (Hughes 1300) D cluster of unripe pods on a single inflorescence of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. glabrata (Rose) S. Zarate, Honduras (Hughes 1557) E ripe pods of Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth dehiscing along both sutures (Hughes 3098) F unripe fruit of Mezcala balsensis (J. L. Contr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; J. L. Contr., held erect, Guerrero, Mexico G ripe fruits of Mezcala balsensis dehiscing from the apex along both sutures H, I unripe and ripe fruits of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood, cultivated at the Olinda rare plant propagation facility, Maui, Hawaii, USA J ripe fruits of Schleinitzia insularum (Guilemin) Burkart, the valves tardily splitting along both sutures but indehiscent K winged fruits of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar L unripe, lomentiform fruits of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart which break up into one- or few-seeded fragments when ripe M ripe fruits of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, S Bolivia (Hughes 2476) N ripe fruits, elastically dehisced from the apex, Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) O unripe coiled fruits of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn. P ripe fruits dehiscing elastically from the apex, Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, southern Madagascar Q ripe fruits of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, Madagascar. Photo credits A E Koenen B-E, M, N C Hughes F, G J Luis Contreras H, I A Palomino J G McCormack, Cook Islands Biodiversity K, P, Q D Du Puy L I Specogno, Flora Mendocina O Atamari (CC-BY-SA- 3.0)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure146" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014818" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">146H, I</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="DFEDBF82EB82E88B850943FA73D022EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Seed</emphasis>
cordiform (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D5C2CA184986C90D6C25D52FE053380C" captionStart="Figure 146" captionStartId="F153" captionText="Figure 146. Fruits of genera of the Dichrostachys clade A leaves and pod of Lemurodendron capuronii Villiers &amp; P. Guinet, north-eastern Madagascar (Koenen 429) B Neptunia plena (L.) Benth. fruits dehiscing along the dorsal suture (Wood 26650) C ripe pods of Leucaena cruziana Britton &amp; Rose, Oaxaca, Mexico (Hughes 1300) D cluster of unripe pods on a single inflorescence of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit subsp. glabrata (Rose) S. Zarate, Honduras (Hughes 1557) E ripe pods of Desmanthus leptophyllus Kunth dehiscing along both sutures (Hughes 3098) F unripe fruit of Mezcala balsensis (J. L. Contr.) C. E. Hughes &amp; J. L. Contr., held erect, Guerrero, Mexico G ripe fruits of Mezcala balsensis dehiscing from the apex along both sutures H, I unripe and ripe fruits of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence &amp; K. R. Wood, cultivated at the Olinda rare plant propagation facility, Maui, Hawaii, USA J ripe fruits of Schleinitzia insularum (Guilemin) Burkart, the valves tardily splitting along both sutures but indehiscent K winged fruits of Gagnebina pterocarpa (Lam.) Baill., Madagascar L unripe, lomentiform fruits of Prosopidastrum globosum (Gillies ex Hook. &amp; Arn.) Burkart which break up into one- or few-seeded fragments when ripe M ripe fruits of Mimozyganthus carinatus (Griseb.) Burkart, S Bolivia (Hughes 2476) N ripe fruits, elastically dehisced from the apex, Calliandropsis nervosa (Britton &amp; Rose) H. M. Hern. &amp; P. Guinet, Puebla, Mexico (Hughes 1784) O unripe coiled fruits of Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight &amp; Arn. P ripe fruits dehiscing elastically from the apex, Dichrostachys venosa Villiers, southern Madagascar Q ripe fruits of Alantsilodendron pilosum Villiers, Madagascar. Photo credits A E Koenen B-E, M, N C Hughes F, G J Luis Contreras H, I A Palomino J G McCormack, Cook Islands Biodiversity K, P, Q D Du Puy L I Specogno, Flora Mendocina O Atamari (CC-BY-SA- 3.0)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure146" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014818" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">146I</figureCitation>
), pleurogram present.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7C9AEA9762C5B568BF81EAA23FE64752" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph id="C83B9325CF6714C90ADB990DE91DDA40" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7EF490E9572631D05326D3582F9A1FC3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2
<emphasis id="8D5CF4E6809979C43E82F65A011C508B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 28 (
<bibRefCitation id="510756122F19BDA216E5DA2F02341937" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" author="Lorence, DH" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 145" refId="B502" refString="Lorence, DH, Wood, KR, 1994. Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii. Novon 4 (2): 137 - 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" title="Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" volume="4" year="1994">Lorence and Wood 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F19AA0CF0DAD2B048BAA7D5116C2ED60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A2F64A251ACBBF05CD2DE3F4EB8EB6D5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Included species and geographic distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9651675EA5D949A3FD10D480A79FACAA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Monospecific (
<taxonomicName id="6E9891A69472224E149DC41572FDE377" lsidName="K. kahoolawensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="kahoolawensis">
<emphasis id="7378DCE974A9B442F4F4B00665223DD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. kahoolawensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), narrowly restricted to the island of
<normalizedToken id="D69E08374C5D143360FD1148B0878B98" originalValue="Kahoolawe">Kaho'olawe</normalizedToken>
, Hawaii (Fig.
<figureCitation id="217DD2B95B80A2D982EED79316BFD7F1" captionStart="Figure 152" captionStartId="F159" captionText="Figure 152. Distribution of Kanaloa based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure152" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">152</figureCitation>
). When discovered, known from just two plants on a sea stack, now thought to be extinct in the wild and the focus of ex-situ conservation efforts. It is possible that the range previously included other Hawaiian islands in that fossilised pollen from plants likely to be of
<taxonomicName id="5B070B5D9A552D52B5981164F6224192" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="101DF8A44D522250D274778EF17C2016" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found in core samples taken from sinkholes in
<normalizedToken id="3F4FA1FBB3E131EF7579DD4D8B61F583" originalValue="Oahus">O'ahu's</normalizedToken>
'Ewa Plain, Maui, and
<normalizedToken id="7C586EAD5A1CA3E5F2757FBC94CCBA81" originalValue="Kauais">Kaua'i's</normalizedToken>
Makauwahi Cave.
</paragraph>
<caption id="3722F1AD79D2EC159381F1820386EC28" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.240.101716.figure152" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1014824" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 152" startId="F159">
<paragraph id="1ED65F947CA6C536D61D50DF63E58AC2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CF30EC44E8AC75478650AB16563DD22F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 152.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="3FDFAB1FCBA38E5A76DA2BCDFF559BFF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="345E5B027D1E73AB84CACC82A85D1BD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3D5EDD1826E0F8C775ABD64C07AC9B10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="E40890CB73895143F3AEF2446383F8A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="70F540BDC4F30E69349BCC615DCA86F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Steep rocky cliffs and screes derived from basaltic lava flows. Seed dispersal passive.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="98F71F2608A50832231A5FE43270D006" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C6CBD575C3E526143D426C7F9846B7C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D684D9952EA85E1C3BF8D7E1D423453D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="92178D4673145B5667C0905382096E57" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BAE82CA76182399CC6FE77FF271E8094" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the name of a Hawaiian deity who according to legend used the island of
<normalizedToken id="76F243A092CDBB8CF7C6E9D16CDFDC5D" originalValue="Kahoolawe">Kaho'olawe</normalizedToken>
to rest and recoup his energies. According to
<bibRefCitation id="E1FB48D70B7601194A52819486AFF815" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" author="Lorence, DH" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 145" refId="B502" refString="Lorence, DH, Wood, KR, 1994. Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii. Novon 4 (2): 137 - 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" title="Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" volume="4" year="1994">Lorence and Wood (1994)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="79AA189197CDE13779644F41744FA2C7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C45E52154F249036BBCDABB03C5B6C84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
means, &quot;secure, firm, immovable, established, unconquerable..... attributes [which] are certainly essential for this plant to have survived in spite of the severe degradation of the island&quot;, and which will be required more than ever now, given that the genus is likely extinct in the wild and the focus of ex-situ conservation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="06858C077C7937C1E7A4ACD5582DDD61" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="human uses">
<paragraph id="50427A5EEE16A76E320FBB5ED2D7C338" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Human uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72022620E0C50FC2988A6EF6C7D097DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Unknown.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61FE7071E906A5EA18B9A42A64FD1D7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph id="4E55187A9F013BF231E1BA59E509A5CF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="39289D18936C136CE20E3A1D2451E8FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The affinities of
<taxonomicName id="CFA65051FA86DC39221E402E6A319796" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F27FEB3DB3332C7340040155B5CE4A5F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been in doubt due to lack of definitive support in previous phylogenetic analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="69BEE13D90983231F263AB6A340A760D" author="Hughes, CE" editor="Klitgaard, B" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="221 - 238" refId="B386" refString="Hughes, CE, Bailey, CD, Krosnick, S, Luckow, MA, 2003. Relationships among genera of the informal Dichrostachys and Leucaena groups (Mimosoideae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences. In: Klitgaard, B, Bruneau, A, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10, Higher level systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 221 - 238" title="Relationships among genera of the informal Dichrostachys and Leucaena groups (Mimosoideae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal ITS sequences." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10, Higher level systematics." year="2003">Hughes et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A33BB0C62C4EC387D13D2F66809B01BC" author="Luckow, MA" editor="Klitgaard, B" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="197 - 220" refId="B516" refString="Luckow, MA, Miller, JT, Murphy, DJ, Livshultz, T, 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data. In: Klitgaard, B, Bruneau, A, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10, Higher Level Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom: 197 - 220" title="A phylogenetic analysis of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) based on chloroplast DNA sequence data." volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10, Higher Level Systematics." year="2003">Luckow et al. 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="02AC694DB4E8D674CCA24F7F97A9C081" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644054782206" author="Luckow, MA" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="585 - 602" refId="B517" refString="Luckow, MA, Fortunato, RH, Sede, S, Livshultz, T, 2005. The phylogenetic affinities of two mysterious monotypic mimosoids from southern South America. Systematic Botany 30 (3): 585 - 602, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644054782206" title="The phylogenetic affinities of two mysterious monotypic mimosoids from southern South America." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/0363644054782206" volume="30" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
), but recent phylogenomic work (
<bibRefCitation id="EF148C2BC6176B417DCD4A3EABB0A933" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" author="Ringelberg, JJ" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 58" refId="B712" refString="Ringelberg, JJ, Koenen, EJM, Iganci, JR, Queiroz, LP, Murphy, DJ, Gaudeul, M, Bruneau, A, Luckow, M, Lewis, GP, Hughes, CE, 2022. Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae). In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 3 - 58, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" title="Phylogenomic analysis of 997 nuclear genes reveals the need for extensive generic re-delimitation in Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.85866" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: New generic delimitations." year="2022">Ringelberg et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
) has demonstrated that
<taxonomicName id="55B06F8DC304A02F2D83F9D236F35944" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Kanaloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kanaloa" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5232D74B7FD9578E19FCFD6A28DBEFA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Kanaloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is robustly supported as sister to the re-circumscribed
<taxonomicName id="5A9C6C6655BEDA188F2C4C31BC55720C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Leguminosae" genus="Desmanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Desmanthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="86664067A032991019AA3655270AAF66" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Desmanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="64E9E9AB58D87E5EFC8DE78AA58FEAFE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.78297" author="Hughes, CE" editor="Hughes, CE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="191 - 201" refId="B390" refString="Hughes, CE, Ringelberg, JJ, Luckow, M, Jimenez, JLC, 2022c. Mezcala - a new segregate genus of mimosoid legume (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid clade) narrowly endemic to the Balsas Depression in Mexico. In: Hughes, CE, Queiroz, LP, Lewis, GP, Eds., Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: new generic delimitations. PhytoKeys 205: 191 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.78297" title="Mezcala - a new segregate genus of mimosoid legume (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoid clade) narrowly endemic to the Balsas Depression in Mexico." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.205.78297" volume="205" volumeTitle="Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae Part 1: new generic delimitations." year="2022 c">Hughes et al. 2022c</bibRefCitation>
). The tergeminate leaves and one-seeded fruits easily distinguish it from its nearest relatives, as does the large peltate stigma, which is reminiscent of the stigma of
<taxonomicName id="D269167CB798811543B16E033ED6CBB7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Mimozyganthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mimozyganthus" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8919E2A6845CAC2943614B1B719083D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mimozyganthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6415F42EB9EABC567DB33019B3029A75" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="taxonomic references">
<paragraph id="8D59EADB332FA48C7CE8EA9BE2803EF6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Taxonomic references.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DCC4B96516FBD370EDBEC892B0A68948" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation id="A50F1AFB702BEFF6CEFEF3193F1DBCAE" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" author="Lorence, DH" journalOrPublisher="Novon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 145" refId="B502" refString="Lorence, DH, Wood, KR, 1994. Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii. Novon 4 (2): 137 - 145, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" title="Kanaloa, a new genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/3391582" volume="4" year="1994">Lorence and Wood (1994)</bibRefCitation>
, including illustration.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>