168 lines
19 KiB
XML
168 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-73-717" ID-Pensoft-UUID="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" ID-ZooBank="8F3D5EDA2F184E5CA53E2F7741FF1339" ModsDocID="2625-8498-73-717" checkinTime="1695893367890" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Georgalis, Georgios L." docDate="2023" docId="AF6DD4D11BA5DE03E27867315F0658CC" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 73: 717-886" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 73" docPubDate="2023-09-27" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372" docTitle="Loxocemus Cope 1861" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" lastPageNumber="717" masterDocId="318B657A15AB5708B3C35FC1A82B4945" masterDocTitle="An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column" masterLastPageNumber="886" masterPageNumber="717" pageNumber="717" updateTime="1695893367890" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="086B3195F585A82A604D532B33DD533E">
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<mods:title id="BBCE12E3FCB809E1CEEB569070B02DC1">An illustrated atlas of the vertebral morphology of extant non-caenophidian snakes, with special emphasis on the cloacal and caudal portions of the column</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="661C352F48506843830638EC06A166C0" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B630736A0764A18FA416849BEF13737B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0C3967D0886124407B7070C0DC2A3851">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F520CE8B8E4E7A2B857BA912BAA00318">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="30B5DCB4B46FEEB284C8F138C5F1D805">Georgalis, Georgios L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB8D65BCA95A5E334D55C748C31C0735">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="972C358D1A9FBFAA970C121BC9EF0E62" type="email">dimetrodon82@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="49FE8F3A4C2CA587C07D6985AFAD3934">Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0FA3CCC2AB916A6B5C9A466FC4D6FF0F">
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<mods:date id="80CA20D012770919FA5F6E69FA1E0ADC">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="19741C0C9C35D12976BA07CE86BE590E">2023-09-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3537431E5C4E33CB6A8444DA1CE654F5">73</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A05C9FD65B9AD4528FA6312EDF410DAC">717</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="0C5A39286FB3A8891C0C12853CC8C94D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.73.e101372</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="AF6DD4D11BA5DE03E27867315F0658CC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AF6DD4D11BA5DE03E27867315F0658CC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AF6DD4D11BA5DE03E27867315F0658CC" lastPageNumber="717" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<subSubSection id="36A51DDB0A276F72709E95B7821C7E14" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="69AD02681AFB5658B4848EB81174C9CA" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="0684C6133A9CDACB620094FA0B32EA43" ID-CoL="5GXT" ID-ENA="39077" authority="Cope, 1861" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Loxocemidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Loxocemus Cope, 1861</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A26E495B6EEEAF9D64F2D4876F7320BD" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="7DBB3267BEB140C1C4F10FE2553E2289" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1CB241D00C9025E4C21893026A835DC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<taxonomicName id="46E80F65D01246640B0FE02B1DF51CB0" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="A8C50608AF3485CCCA4FED8BA7F06252" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<materialsCitation id="294812A030738E52D516D2A16FF3F1B0" accessionNumber="M76134, M71842" collectingDate="2023-01-01" collectingDateMax="2023-12-31" collectingDateMin="2023-01-01" collectorName="UF Herp" specimenCount="1">
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Cope, 1861 (MVZ Herps 143487 [Morphosource.org: Media 000076134, ark:/87602/m4/
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<accessionNumber id="2625789DF1B2D18FAD57C6CB3FC5ABF4" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M76134">M76134</accessionNumber>
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]; NHMUK 82.8.17.16,
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<collectorName id="DD1335C83DF1D3A322B80E48A313626A">UF Herp</collectorName>
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24747 [Morphosource.org: Media 000071842, ark:/87602/m4/
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<accessionNumber id="7162D2DE79CBE7C916333A901FFE228D" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/M71842">M71842</accessionNumber>
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]; UMMZ 128027; UMMZ 190749)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="63B853EC68B380EDB78F74DC4FC3661C" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" type="description">
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<paragraph id="939391FBF6A0A0853F2E88CB0212811F" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Description (Figs 137-140).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="49702ABA80FF93F76B6FEBECFBEF8566" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="0734BF9A89B85876715FA4172E6D8BD9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="424514E1A808DA03EDA7C8AFA7A66DDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Trunk vertebrae</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Centrum shorter than wide; cotyle and condyle moderately depressed to orbicular; neural arch moderately vaulted; posterior median notch of the neural arch deep; neural spine as high as long; prezygapophyseal accessory processes very short; hypapophyses disappearing at the level of V 60; haemal keel flattened, moderately developed, approaching (but not exceeding) the width of the cotyle; prominent subcentral ridges and deep subcentral grooves in posterior trunk vertebrae; paracotylar foramina absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="D2D3F67FA26CEFD151A0106A57881D51" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure137" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913028" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 137" startId="F137">
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<paragraph id="DD8F6349C73BD1648053D093206E6A0A" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="3D8AFE0501978EB24CB5E4EE6A61D9D8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 137.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="38E3E437AD9AD200D076170EA0756160" class="Reptilia" family="Loxocemidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loxocemidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="150E9963B586FF23D97C7BF493FA9EAB" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="9C249FD484E679D3AE9C262E771AF957" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(UMMZ 128027), trunk vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="C4C093A5AB39FC546BB4891E770ACE08" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure138" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913029" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 138" startId="F138">
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<paragraph id="5B777E193DE78DCD45106E64825E6B35" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="3C7E3CF6370EE7F0C55291F40AA91B2C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 138.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2F4947B236232C65A6A0F5E2787AA77E" class="Reptilia" family="Loxocemidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loxocemidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="2115C4B67A4821BF32FA91533F9C8727" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="55CAF2404984DBFF2CC0CB9FE45884B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(UMMZ 128027), trunk, cloacal, and caudal vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="D788D0882124FCCEA464B62F72877B2F" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure139" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913030" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 139" startId="F139">
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<paragraph id="F80BB8EA68FF64A1EE9446C4F1DA7D3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="A358BC837B6B701D5A00046586ACAC72" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 139.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13F8E4C8CD1A23589A8D25FC059402BF" class="Reptilia" family="Loxocemidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loxocemidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="FA76654975F27B26EBB0A20BFF106DA8" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="62B82E8106AFB3F5F0C93522F7F6A7D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(UMMZ 190749), trunk vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="CA684022213A6C57C0F494C3500B0828" doi="10.3897/vz.73.e101372.figure140" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/913031" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" start="Figure 140" startId="F140">
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<paragraph id="28FBAF13D2D9BF7B521A6048446F72AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="F7A3FC0D91A39A00A1E8F0ECCC7DDBD5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Figure 140.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C4BB165B975AA95ACB326D7F15892884" class="Reptilia" family="Loxocemidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Loxocemidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="387D1B16D7021758E3223436665A778A" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="AEF50E5CE8EAE21BBE530CA830A9DB17" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(NHMUK 82.8.17.16), trunk vertebra.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="3FE78F5028F8AF0E2E0111505009CCE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<bibRefCitation id="11E29F734EBCBDCADDA42D596D96C9BF" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/240/1996/145" author="Szyndlar, Z" journalOrPublisher="Palaeontographica A" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="145 - 161" refId="B613" refString="Szyndlar, Z, Boehme, W, 1996. Redescription of Tropidonotus atavus von Meyer, 1855 from the upper Oligocene of Rott (Germany) and its allocation to Rottophis gen. nov. (Serpentes, Boidae). Palaeontographica A 240: 145 - 161, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/240/1996/145" title="Redescription of Tropidonotus atavus von Meyer, 1855 from the upper Oligocene of Rott (Germany) and its allocation to Rottophis gen. nov. (Serpentes, Boidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/pala/240/1996/145" volume="240" year="1996">
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Szyndlar and
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<normalizedToken id="81E503234A455B7403FAFE65EBA8475D" originalValue="Böhme">Boehme</normalizedToken>
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(1996)
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</bibRefCitation>
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highlighted that the most characteristic feature of the trunk vertebrae is the fusion of the subcentral ridges with parapophyses into uniform and flat laminae, rendering the centrum looking as a sharply delimited triangle in ventral view.
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6F8958352C0D87C7F4BD8C79C09A25" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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too highlighted the subcentral ridges, considering that the "extremely well-developed subcentral grooves and ridges of posterior vertebrae" represented an apomorphy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="46D723BA3C9FB0F61C59FE71F9C5AC85" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="1D129CA781CD0510428CE0279114D56B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="8682D0898E6179B0AAD2B695B2AAC11D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Trunk</emphasis>
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/
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<emphasis id="62C9F4CBD9F9A80021B97BED3FF959E0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">caudal transition</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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. No subcentral structures occur on the last trunk, cloacal, and anteriormost caudal vertebrae or, at most, an indistinct flattened haemal keel may be present. Paired haemapophyses first appear on the C 3 in UMMZ 128027 or even the C 6 in UF Herp 24747. The posteriormost caudal vertebrae are fused.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B056C407E32B0F56897DAD517C9B3285" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<bibRefCitation id="C7628F9C415B9156367F23D5AB3D893F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" author="Smith, KT" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="157 - 182" refId="B570" refString="Smith, KT, 2013. New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America. Zoologischer Anzeiger 252: 157 - 182, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" title="New constraints on the evolution of the snake clades Ungaliophiinae, Loxocemidae and Colubridae (Serpentes), with comments on the fossil history of erycine boids in North America." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.05.006" volume="252" year="2013">Smith (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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reported that the posteriormost trunk and cloacal vertebrae are provided with a hypapophysis, but we did not observe this pattern in our studied material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="836C590591944E66AF81AE27FD8C42E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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<emphasis id="3C865B6889A1D3C33D8299953E135333" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Number of vertebrae</emphasis>
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(all for
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<taxonomicName id="FD5C3B63A16EB39A03E570E9D0A8CB76" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="C6E26F3A6136097D891484A0B03425C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). MVZ Herps 143487: 309 (262+4+43, including a final fusion); UMMZ 128027: 308 (256+4+48, including a final fusion); UF Herp 24747: 307 (258+4+45, including a final fusion).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9DC567A499AFA99CD7D811CDF6A49E7A" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">
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Data from literature:
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<taxonomicName id="E673C2B452A87B292A9F97EAE8383E89" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" class="Squamata" family="Pythonidae" genus="Loxocemus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Loxocemus bicolor" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicolor">
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<emphasis id="7B002F69F0D003A3187A4DF430DC2F9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="717">Loxocemus bicolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: 267 trunk vertebrae plus unknown number of cloacal and caudal vertebrae (
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<bibRefCitation id="8C46E8AE6DC37ACE17ED7344F26EFF2E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20037" author="Tsuihiji, T" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="717" pagination="992 - 1009" refId="B633" refString="Tsuihiji, T, Kearney, M, Rieppel, O, 2012. Finding the neck-trunk boundary in snakes: Anteroposterior dissociation of myological characteristics in snakes and its implications for their neck and trunk body regionalization. Journal of Morphology 73: 992 - 1009, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20037" title="Finding the neck-trunk boundary in snakes: Anteroposterior dissociation of myological characteristics in snakes and its implications for their neck and trunk body regionalization." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20037" volume="73" year="2012">Tsuihiji et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |