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<mods:title id="5BA3D17EA8DE6A1208B5EA075DD9433D">An Identification key to the species of Auchenorrhyncha of Iranian fauna recorded as pests in orchards and a review on the pest status of the species</mods:title>
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<treatment id="A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5984788" ID-GBIF-Taxon="148669926" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5984788" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F" lastPageNumber="484" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
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<paragraph id="203936837F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD4DFF26" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,607]" box="[151,755,222,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
<taxonomicName id="E7864D007F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD8BFF26" ID-CoL="49CB5" authority="Bergevin, 1930" authorityName="Bergevin" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,565,222,247]" class="Insecta" family="Tropiduchidae" genus="Ommatissus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lybicus">
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD8BFF26" bold="true" box="[151,565,222,247]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FEC2FF26" bold="true" box="[151,380,222,247]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Ommatissus lybicus</emphasis>
Bergevin, 1930
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</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="B8BD2A067F0FFFFDFDEA59A0FD29FF26" box="[579,663,222,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 111" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1709,1731]" captionTargetBox="[181,1409,199,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,195,1687]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 111. Habitus of Fulgoromorpha of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 1. Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi; 2- H. obsoletus; 3. Reptalus quinquecostatus; 4. Laodelphax striatellus; 5. Dictyophara europaea; 6. Mesophantia pallens, a: dorsal b: lateral; 7. Persepolia columbaria, a: dorsal, b: lateral; 8. Iranodus amygdalinus; 9. Orosanga japonicus; 10. Tettigometra costulata; 11. Ommatissus lybicus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455387/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Figs 11</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="B8BD2A067F0FFFFDFD6459A1FD54FF26" box="[717,746,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURES 1219" captionStartId="7.[151,264,820,842]" captionTargetBox="[187,1385,203,789]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[180,1407,193,798]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1219. Male genitaliae of Fulgoromorpha of Iran recorded as pests in orchards: 12. Hyalesthes mlokosiewiczi, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 13. H. obsoletus, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 14. Reptalus quinquecostatus, a: stylus, dorsal view, b: anal tube, dorsal view, c: aedeagus, lateral view; 15. Laodelphax striatellus a: stylus, laterl view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 16. Mesophantia pallens, a: anal tube, dorsal view, b: aedeagus, lateral view, c: stylus, lateral view; 17. Persepolia columbaria, a: anal tube, lateral view, b: stylus, lateral view, c: aedeagus, lateral view; 18. Orosanga japonicas, a: stylus, lateral view, b: aedeagus, lateral view; 19. Ommatissus lybicus, aedeagus, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1455389/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">19</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="689C65087F0FFFFDFF6E587CFD9BFD8F" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" type="description">
<paragraph id="203936837F0FFFFDFF6E587CFB42FE56" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF6E587CFBBBFECA" bold="true" box="[199,1029,258,283]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Recorded damage and economic importance in the orchards of Iran:</emphasis>
The species has been recorded as a very serious and a key pest on date palm in all Iranian palm growing areas on leaves and fruits of palm trees (
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFF375834FEDEFEB2" box="[158,352,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19392" refString="Gardenhire, R. Q. (1958) Summary of Insect conditions in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 18, 51 - 61." type="journal article">Gardenhire 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFEC45834FD80FEB2" box="[365,574,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19127" refString="Farahbakhsh, Gh. (1961) A checklist of economically important insects and other enemies of plants and agricultural products in Iran. Plant organization Press, Tehran, 153 pp." type="book">Farahbakhsh 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFDE25834FD66FEB2" box="[587,728,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19419" refString="Gharib. A. (1966) Palm leafhopper Ommatissus binotatus Fieb. var. lybicus Berg. (Homoptera: Tropiduchidae). Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 24, 37 - 47." type="journal article">
Gharib
<date id="543810437F0FFFFDFD095834FD66FEB2" box="[672,728,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" value="1966" valueMax="1998">1966</date>
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFCA65835FCF4FEB2" box="[783,842,331,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19454" refString="Gharib, A. (1998) Important Pests of Palm. Agricultural Research, Education &amp; Extension Organization, Tehran, 41 pp." type="book">1998</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFCFE5834FC51FEB2" box="[855,1007,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref17962" refString="Behdad, E. (1991) Pests of Fruit Crops in Iran. Markaz-e Nashr-e Bahman, Isfahan, 822 pp." type="book">Behdad 1991</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFC525834FB28FEB2" box="[1019,1174,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref18778" refString="Dlabola, J. (1994) Erganzungen zur iranischen, israelischen und benachbarten Zikadenfaunen mit Beschreibungen 30 neuer Taxone (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, 49 (1 - 4), 41 - 110." type="journal article">Dlabola 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFB0A5834FA9AFEB2" box="[1187,1316,330,355]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref17343" refString="Abaii, M. (2000) Pests of Forest Trees and Shrubs of Iran. 2 nd Edition. Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Education &amp; Extension Organization, Tehran, 178 pp." type="book">Abaii 2000</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFA865834FEAFFE56" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref21268" refString="Payandeh, A., Kamali, K. &amp; Fathipour, Y. (2008) Life stage of Ommatissus lybicus (Hom.: Tropiduchidae) on date palm at two generations in natural condition of Bam region. Proceeding of 18 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iran, 2008, 354." type="journal article">
Payandeh
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF3E5811FF76FE56" box="[151,200,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFEB55810FDB5FE56" box="[284,523,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19848" refString="Lashkari, N., Mossadegh, M. S, Shishebor, P. &amp; Bagheri, A. N. (2008 a) The effect of different densities of yellow sticky traps in comparison with chemical control in Hadjiabad area (Hormozgan). Proceeding of 18 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iran, 2008, 131." type="journal article">
Lashkari
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFE2C5811FE09FE56" box="[389,439,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">et al</emphasis>
. 2008a
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFDBE5810FD96FE56" box="[535,552,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19910" refString="Lashkari, N., Mossadegh, M. S., Shishebor, P., Bagheri, A. N. &amp; Ameri Siahoii, A. A. (2008 b) Seasonal population fluctuation and spatial distribution date palm leafhopper Ommatissus lybicus Deberg. In Hadgiabad area of Hormozgan province. Proceeding of 18 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iran, 2008, 332." type="journal article">b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFD9D5810FD42FE56" box="[564,764,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref17770" refString="Assari, M., Damghani, M. &amp; Zohdi, H. (2012) Study on efficiency of Mospilan, Klotianidin, lufeneron and Malathion toxins on control of Ommatissus binotatus in Kerman province. Proceeding of Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iran, 2012, 364." type="journal article">
Assari
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFD2B5811FD0DFE56" box="[642,691,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">et al</emphasis>
. 2012
</bibRefCitation>
; Koliayee
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFCDD5811FC1AFE56" box="[884,932,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">et al</emphasis>
. 2012;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFC535810FB4EFE56" box="[1018,1264,366,391]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref17656" refString="Arbabtafti, R., Damghani, R. &amp; Fassihi, M. (2014) A study on spatial distribution pattern and the sample size of different stages of Ommatissus lybicus O. Berg. (Hem.: Tropiduchidae). Proceeding of 20 th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Iran, 2014, 648." type="journal article">
Arbabtafti
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFBDD5811FB1BFE56" box="[1140,1189,366,391]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">et al</emphasis>
. 2014
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="203936837F0FFFFDFF6E58ECFB1CFE1E" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF6E58ECFC58FE7A" bold="true" box="[199,998,402,427]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Recorded damage in the orchards of other parts of the world:</emphasis>
Economic importance on date palm throughout west Palaearctic (
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFE7558C8FD4EFE1E" box="[476,752,438,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref22538" refString="Wilson, S. W. &amp; O'Brien, L. B. (1987) A survey of planthopper pests of economically important plants (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). Proceedings of 2 nd International Workshop on Leafhoppers and Planthoppers of Economic Importance, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, CABI, 1987, pp. 343 - 360" type="journal article">Wilson &amp; OBrien 1987</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFD5258C8FC46FE1E" box="[763,1016,438,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref17715" refString="Asche, M. &amp; Wilson, M. R. (1989) The palm-feeding planthopper genus Ommatissus (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae). Systematic Entomology, 14, 127 - 147. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.1989. tb 00271. x" type="journal article">Asche &amp; Wilson 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFBAA58C8FB28FE1E" box="[1027,1174,438,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref22466" refString="Wilson, S. W. (2005) Keys to the families of Fulgoromorpha with emphasis on planthoppers of potential economic importance in the southeastern united states (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Florida Entomologist, 88 (4), 464 - 481. https: // doi. org / 10.1653 / 0015 - 4040 (2005) 88 [464: KTTFOF] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article">Wilson 2005</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="203936837F0FFFFDFF6E58A4FE5CFDC6" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF6E58A4FD84FE22" bold="true" box="[199,570,474,499]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
Recorded distribution in
<collectingCountry id="589176137F0FFFFDFE5558A4FD8BFE22" box="[508,565,474,499]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Iran</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
From central
<collectingCountry id="589176137F0FFFFDFD4858A5FCB0FE23" box="[737,782,475,498]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Iran</collectingCountry>
to the coasts of Persian Gulf and
<collectingCountry id="589176137F0FFFFDFB3758A5FB5DFE22" box="[1182,1251,475,499]" name="Oman" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Oman</collectingCountry>
Sea in all palm growing areas (
<bibRefCitation id="44174B727F0FFFFDFEEA5880FE68FDC6" box="[323,470,510,535]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" refId="ref19454" refString="Gharib, A. (1998) Important Pests of Palm. Agricultural Research, Education &amp; Extension Organization, Tehran, 41 pp." type="book">Gharib 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="203936837F0FFFFDFF6E5B5CFD9BFD8F" blockId="9.[151,1437,222,607]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">
<materialsCitation id="90EE3CDE7F0FFFFDFF6E5B5CFAD8FDEA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1915496052" box="[199,1382,546,571]" country="Iran" location="west Palaearctic" pageId="9" pageNumber="484" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="12F2EA917F0FFFFDFF6E5B5CFEE8FDEA" bold="true" box="[199,342,546,571]" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Conclusion:</emphasis>
The economic importance of this species is widely documented in
<collectingCountry id="589176137F0FFFFDFBE35B5DFBC9FDEB" box="[1098,1143,547,570]" name="Iran" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">Iran</collectingCountry>
and
<location id="255960587F0FFFFDFB075B5DFAD8FDEA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A82F87957F0FFFFDFF3E59A0FD9BFD8F:255960587F0FFFFDFB075B5DFAD8FDEA" box="[1198,1382,546,571]" country="Iran" name="west Palaearctic" pageId="9" pageNumber="484">west Palaearctic</location>
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. It is considered as a serious pest in Iran.
</paragraph>
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