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<document id="54D63ACF75F989381E015E61906FE36B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.280945" ID-GBIF-Dataset="817a8f1a-367d-40c3-9f57-277a8565db58" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="280945" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460479450313" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prieto, Carlos &amp; Rodriguez, Gabriel" docDate="2012" docId="12257C235F20FF9CFF55B10523E2FD24" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03303p064.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3303" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Podanotum pulsar Prieto &amp; Rodriguez, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="EE1C045B5F21FF98FFC2B3212131FFCB" masterDocTitle="A new iridescent “ elfin ” butterfly species of Podanotum (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Colombian Andes" masterLastPageNumber="64" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698307294358" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="355F9549B4C60A163D284983CB352B07" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9998F89656D89800B22D79BEE5F31CD7">
<mods:title id="0A2C905349E1CE0906CE59C2A8399C0B">A new iridescent “ elfin ” butterfly species of Podanotum (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the Colombian Andes</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="CFAFC786042C3DB7E576A135CD2075C5">Prieto, Carlos</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="39445E964DF5A17DCDA162C038FA3D82" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E1C513F74D9611FCC36A9C0546F456FD">
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<mods:namePart id="D595592FED2F1ACCBC48CE2C659698AD">Rodriguez, Gabriel</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C07F03DFD9B938F3A1B0F4D94E4F0B45">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="DA34A96326A08B6269AC5767CD6739A6">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B4C0CC1EBDA79A1D654D5FB56D84508B">
<mods:date id="DCF48C99DFCA643F7B038646711DE316">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="DD26FC4BF813B683A2ADB839D9C306E4" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F6A8C1F60BC5B6B38A39D66CA63DFFEE">3303</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="8461711061A002F9DDED3D36A06AFF23">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="497B6F65D34FA076B06FA9C10B32A7D8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.280945</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5883018E4E0F0C53B0554D86A95E8F4F" type="GBIF-Dataset">817a8f1a-367d-40c3-9f57-277a8565db58</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="954769C19BBBF29E37632BD65F6DF51D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D7C818BDE413EC50D266CCEC70B5DA42" type="Zenodo-Dep">280945</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="12257C235F20FF9CFF55B10523E2FD24" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6170177" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119516957" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6170177" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:12257C235F20FF9CFF55B10523E2FD24" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/12257C235F20FF9CFF55B10523E2FD24" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<subSubSection id="D2969EBE5F20FF99FF55B10520BFFD95" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF55B10523FDFDF6" blockId="1.[151,716,547,607]" box="[151,716,547,574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<heading id="C17B7A595F20FF99FF55B10523FDFDF6" bold="true" box="[151,716,547,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" reason="1">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF55B10523FDFDF6" bold="true" box="[151,716,547,574]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F20FF99FF55B105234CFDF6" authority="Prieto &amp; Rodriguez" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Rodriguez" box="[151,637,547,574]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF55B1052047FDF5" bold="true" box="[151,374,548,574]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Podanotum pulsar</emphasis>
Prieto &amp; Rodríguez
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3CBAC5C5F20FF99FD4BB10223FDFDF6" box="[649,716,547,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF55B16720BFFD95" blockId="1.[151,716,547,607]" box="[151,398,582,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
(
<figureCitation id="02B7D1B05F20FF99FF5DB16721DDFD95" box="[159,236,582,606]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1721,1744]" captionTargetBox="[155,1401,197,1694]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,143,1701]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Adults. A, B Holotype male P. p u l s a r n. sp.; C, D Paratype female P. pulsar n. sp; E, F female P. glorissimum, Peru." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280946/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–D; 2 A–D)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D2969EBE5F20FF99FF55B1AE2429FCB5" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF55B1AE2005FD00" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF55B1AE200CFD6C" bold="true" box="[151,317,654,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="453773975F20FF99FF55B1AE21E3FD6C" box="[151,210,655,679]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="453773975F20FF99FE8EB1AF2085FD6D" box="[332,436,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
3
<collectionCode id="FC9D55F05F20FF99FE17B1AF233BFD6D" box="[469,522,654,678]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/xsgz-nxkh" name="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">ICN</collectionCode>
:
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FDD6B1AF239DFD6D" box="[532,684,654,678]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
, Antioquia, Yarumal, Llanos de
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F20FF99FBD7B1AF2586FD6D" box="[1045,1207,654,678]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuiva">
Cuiva,
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FBA4B1AF2586FD6D" box="[1126,1207,654,678]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800m</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="EE32EBF55F20FF99FB00B1AF2472FD6D" box="[1218,1347,654,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2009-07-08">08/07/2009</date>
, m1150 C. Prieto Leg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B1F62429FCB5" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<typeStatus id="453773975F20FF99FF05B1F62009FD24" box="[199,312,727,751]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 2 3 CP:
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FE68B1F72373FD25" box="[426,578,726,750]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
, Antioquia, Yarumal, Llanos de
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F20FF99FC76B1F72569FD25" box="[948,1112,726,750]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuiva">
Cuiva,
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FBC4B1F72569FD25" box="[1030,1112,726,750]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800m</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="EE32EBF55F20FF99FBA6B1F725D7FD25" box="[1124,1254,726,750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2009-07-08">08/07/2009</date>
, m1151, m1152 C. Prieto Leg.; 3 3 CP:
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FE62B1DB2309FCD9" box="[416,568,762,786]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
, Antioquia, Belmira, Páramo de Belmira
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FBC7B1DB2567FCD9" box="[1029,1110,762,786]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100m</quantity>
,
<date id="EE32EBF55F20FF99FBA2B1DB25D0FCD9" box="[1120,1249,762,786]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2011-01-05">05/01/2011</date>
, m1315, m1316, 1317 C. Prieto Leg.; 1 Ƥ CP:
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FE2BB03F23B0FCFD" box="[489,641,798,822]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
, Antioquía, Yarumal, Llanos de
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F20FF99FC33B03F25A5FCFD" box="[1009,1172,798,822]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuiva">
Cuiva,
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FB81B03F25A5FCFD" box="[1091,1172,798,822]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800m</quantity>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="EE32EBF55F20FF99FB5DB03F2413FCFD" box="[1183,1314,798,822]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2009-07-08">08/07/2009</date>
, m1153 C. Prieto &amp; Cuenca Leg.; 1 3 GR:
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FE3FB06323A4FC91" box="[509,661,834,858]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
, Antioquia, Belmira, Páramo de Belmira,
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FBA9B063258DFC91" box="[1131,1212,834,858]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100m</quantity>
,
<date id="EE32EBF55F20FF99FB04B0632478FC91" box="[1222,1353,834,858]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2001-01-16">16/01/2001</date>
, 357 G. Rodríguez; 1 3 GR:
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FE42B0472329FCB5" box="[384,536,870,894]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
, Antioquia, Santa Rosa de Osos,
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FC4FB04722EFFCB5" box="[909,990,870,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800m</quantity>
,
<date id="EE32EBF55F20FF99FC2BB047255AFCB5" box="[1001,1131,870,894]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" value="2009-07-10">10/07/2009</date>
, G. Rodríguez.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D2969EBE5F20FF99FF05B0AB221CF8ED" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="description">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B0AB2060FC68" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" box="[199,337,906,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B0AB2060FC68" bold="true" box="[199,337,906,931]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B08E202FFC0C" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" box="[199,286,943,967]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">MALE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B0F521D0FBF9" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B0F52067FC20" box="[199,342,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Wing shape:</emphasis>
Forewing average length 10.8 mm (measured from forewing apex to base at thorax, n= 4). Hindwing rounded, lacking tornal lobe, tails or lobules. Fringe on both wings formed of long gray or light brown scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B71F2467FA99" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B71F2046FB9D" box="[199,375,1086,1110]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
Both wings brilliant iridescent blue-green with narrow blackish border (aprox. 1.5mm) limited to FW and HW margin. Wide blackish border (aprox.
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FD36B7432201FBB1" box="[756,816,1122,1146]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
) on apical and subapical area of FW.
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF55B7A7207BFB55" box="[151,330,1158,1182]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
Sub-marginal and medial bands constituted of well differentiated, separated and independent spots giving the appearance of a randomly distributed spot pattern, especially on HW. Ground colour on both wings light gray. FW sub-marginal band of 5 blackish irregular and well separated spots. FW post discal band of 6 wide bipartite (basally light brown, distally black scales) lines. Inconspicuous discal spot on FW. HW Sub-marginal band of 8 bipartite (basally black, distally light brown scales) lunular spots. Medial band formed of an arc of 7-8 bipartite (basally light brown, distally black scales) lunular spots. Large and conspicuous discal spot on HW.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B67F2522FABD" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" box="[199,1043,1374,1399]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B67F203BFABD" box="[199,266,1374,1398]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Body:</emphasis>
Thorax blackish, abdomen blackish dorsally and light gray ventrally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B6A224ACF9CD" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B6A22000FA50" box="[199,305,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Eighth abdominal tergite simple and rectangular; caudal extension of valvae (
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FB6EB6A525DBFA50" box="[1196,1258,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FE1DB0C45F20FF99FB30B6A32446FA51" author="Prieto" box="[1266,1399,1410,1434]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" refString="Prieto C (2008) Taxonomia, biogeografia y relaciones filogeneticas del genero Penaincisalia Johnson (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini). Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, 330 p." type="book" year="2008">Prieto 2008</bibRefCitation>
) in lateral view aproximately 1/2 length of valvae; valvae ventral keel absent; uncus with very deep and rounded medial indentation dorsally; penis relatively short and robust, near 1.8 times the valva length. Distal portion of penis with bifurcated tip in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="02B7D1B05F20FF99FD9AB6CF23A2F9CD" box="[600,659,1518,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1942,1965]" captionTargetBox="[296,1291,157,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[296,1293,157,1917]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Genital structures of Podanotum pulsar sp. n. A, Male genitalia in lateral view; B, Male genitalia in ventral view (penis removed); C, penis in ventral view (arrow points external penis tip); D, female genitalia, ductus bursae and signa. (LP, lamella postvaginalis; pd, posterior ductus bursae; ad, anterior ductus bursae; sg, signa)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280947/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Fig 2</figureCitation>
C) and a prominent ventral keel. Saccus small and triangular in shape.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B532200EF9E0" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" box="[199,319,1555,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">FEMALE.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B51620CAF985" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" box="[199,507,1590,1614]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B5162060F985" box="[199,337,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Wing shape:</emphasis>
as in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B57A2560F95D" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B57A2049F9B8" box="[199,376,1627,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Dorsal surface:</emphasis>
Both wings brilliant sky blue with narrow blackish border (aprox. 1.5mm) limited to FW and HW margin. Wide blackish border (aprox.
<quantity id="5D7460D05F20FF99FDB5B55F2382F95D" box="[631,691,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" unit="mm" value="4.0">4mm</quantity>
) on apical and subapical area of FW.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B582231AF971" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" box="[199,555,1698,1723]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B582204BF970" box="[199,378,1699,1723]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Ventral surface:</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F20FF99FE43B5822091F970" box="[385,416,1699,1723]" name="American Samoa" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">As</collectingCountry>
in the male.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B5E7221CF8ED" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B5E72000F915" box="[199,305,1734,1758]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Genitalia</emphasis>
: Fluted lamella postvaginalis with spines, posterior ductus bursae very short and robust, anterior ductus bursae large and thin. Membranous area between anterior and posterior ductus bursae absent. Corpus bursae with two very large signa, inwardly toothed in lateral view.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D2969EBE5F20FF99FF05B4122275F859" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F20FF99FF05B4122275F859" blockId="1.[151,1437,654,1939]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FF05B4122079F880" bold="true" box="[199,328,1843,1867]" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etymology</emphasis>
: This species is named in reference to the rotating neutron stars that emit a beam of electromagnetic radiation at very regular intervals (Pulsars), an effect which is reminiscent of the intermittent blue light reflected by some
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F20FF99FE5DB45A2311F858" box="[415,544,1915,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F20FF99FE5DB45A2311F858" box="[415,544,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Podanotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species when adults flies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="CEF39DBD5F23FF9AFF55B59821FDF925" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" targetBox="[155,1401,197,1694]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F23FF9AFF55B59821FDF925" blockId="2.[151,1435,1721,1774]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFF55B5982025F904" bold="true" box="[151,276,1721,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Adults. A, B Holotype male
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFD87B59A23ACF91B" box="[581,669,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. p u l s a r</emphasis>
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFD6AB59B23ECF904" bold="true" box="[680,733,1722,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n. sp</emphasis>
.; C, D Paratype female
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFC1AB59A2502F904" box="[984,1075,1721,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFC1AB59A2502F904" box="[984,1075,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. pulsar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFBF9B59B255EF904" bold="true" box="[1083,1135,1722,1743]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">n. sp</emphasis>
; E, F female
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFB3CB59A24A4F904" box="[1278,1429,1721,1744]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glorissimum">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFB3CB59A24A4F904" box="[1278,1429,1721,1744]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. glorissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Peru.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="D2969EBE5F23FF9CFF05B43B204BFE67" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F23FF9CFF05B43B2544FF3C" blockId="2.[151,1436,1818,2023]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFF05B43B20C3F8F8" bold="true" box="[199,498,1818,1843]" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Diagnosis and discussion</emphasis>
: No other
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFDB2B43A23C0F8F8" box="[624,753,1819,1843]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFDB2B43A23C0F8F8" box="[624,753,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Podanotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has such a scattered ventral wing pattern. The most similar species,
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFF39B46123A8F89C" authority="Balint &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityName="Balint &amp; Wojtusiak" box="[251,665,1855,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glorissimum">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFF39B4612097F89C" box="[251,422,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. glorissimum</emphasis>
Bálint &amp; Wojtusiak
</taxonomicName>
, has continuous faint bands while in
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFB98B46125F3F89C" box="[1114,1218,1855,1879]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFB98B46125F3F89C" box="[1114,1218,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. pulsar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the bands are not continuous but constituted of well differentiated and separated spots or lines. The slight anal lobe present in
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFA45B4452013F854" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glorissimum">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFA45B4452013F854" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. glorissimum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not present in
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFE22B4A9230EF854" box="[480,575,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. p u l s a r</emphasis>
. Although all
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFD21B4A62255F854" box="[739,868,1927,1951]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFD21B4A62255F854" box="[739,868,1927,1951]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Podanotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are rare in collections, making it difficult to assess geographic variation and
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFE78B48D232EF808" box="[442,543,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFE78B48D232EF808" box="[442,543,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">P. pulsar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is not known to be sympatric with any other
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F23FF9AFBEFB48A259FF808" box="[1069,1198,1963,1987]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F23FF9AFBEFB48A259FF808" box="[1069,1198,1963,1987]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="61">Podanotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species, it possesses unique wing pattern characters that facilitate its identification. Moreover, because wing pattern and genitalic structures in the species of the genus do not vary geographically to a great extent and there is no indication of morphological intergradation, it appears unlikely that
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F25FF9CFCDEB39C22B7FF1F" box="[796,902,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFCDEB39C22B7FF1F" box="[796,902,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">P. pulsar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a geographical variant of another named
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F25FF9CFF55B3C12029FF33" box="[151,280,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFF55B3C12029FF33" box="[151,280,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Podanotum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species. Based on current evidence,
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F25FF9CFD76B3C02226FF33" box="[692,791,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFD76B3C02226FF33" box="[692,791,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">P. pulsar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a distinct, allopatric species.
</paragraph>
<caption id="CEF39DBD5F22FF9BFF55B4B72522F822" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280947/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" targetBox="[296,1291,157,1917]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F22FF9BFF55B4B72522F822" blockId="3.[151,1436,1942,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F22FF9BFF55B4B7203DF860" bold="true" box="[151,268,1942,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Genital structures of
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F22FF9BFE34B4B72382F867" box="[502,691,1942,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Podanotum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulsar" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F22FF9BFE34B4B72382F867" box="[502,691,1942,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Podanotum pulsar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="B3CBAC5C5F22FF9BFD7BB4B623C1F867" box="[697,752,1943,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A, Male genitalia in lateral view; B, Male genitalia in ventral view (penis removed); C, penis in ventral view (arrow points external penis tip); D, female genitalia, ductus bursae and signa. (LP, lamella postvaginalis; pd, posterior ductus bursae; ad, anterior ductus bursae; sg, signa).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F25FF9CFF05B222204BFE67" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFF05B2222005FED7" bold="true" box="[199,308,259,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Behavior</emphasis>
: The males of this species display patrolling behavior on hilltops or ridgetops, which is typical of the members of this genus, where individuals rapidly circle each tree or bush before continuing to the next. Quite often it seems the males follow along the same routes. The individuals observed by Prieto were assembled on small and isolated bushes
<quantity id="5D7460D05F25FF9CFE8EB24E20A1FE4C" box="[332,400,367,391]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1-2 m</quantity>
high, between 12:30 and 14:30 hours. The larval host plants and the nectar sources of the adults are unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="D2969EBE5F25FF9CFF05B29623E2FD24" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F25FF9CFF05B2962068FE1B" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,345,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFF05B2962068FE1B" bold="true" box="[199,345,439,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F25FF9CFF05B2FD2456FD07" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFF05B2FD202EFE3F" box="[199,287,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Spatial:</emphasis>
The species is known only from the
<typeStatus id="453773975F25FF9CFD7FB2FC23DCFE3E" box="[701,749,477,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">type</typeStatus>
locality in
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F25FF9CFCA9B2FD22E8FE3F" box="[875,985,476,500]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="02B7D1B05F25FF9CFC2BB2FD251AFE3F" box="[1001,1067,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1990,2013]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,807,1963]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,807,1963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Map of Colombian Andes illustrating the known distribution of Podanotum pulsar." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/280948/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) between 2800 and
<quantity id="5D7460D05F25FF9CFACCB2FD2457FE3F" box="[1294,1382,476,500]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
. The “Complejo Belmira” and its surrounding high plateau is a compact massif extending in a north-south direction in the central cordillera of Antioquia and constitutes the highest elevations in the most north part of the central “cordillera” in
<collectingCountry id="E29B8DA55F25FF9CFE8AB166208BFD94" box="[328,442,583,607]" name="Colombia" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Colombia</collectingCountry>
. This geographical area was defined as a local center of endemism for cloud forest butterflies by
<bibRefCitation id="FE1DB0C45F25FF9CFEF0B14C236DFD4F" author="Pyrcz" box="[306,604,620,645]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. &amp; Rodriguez, G. (2006) Description of a new remarkable species of Lymanopoda WESTWOOD and identification of a centre of endemism of cloud forest butterflies in Belmira, northern Central Cordillera, Antioquia, Colombia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Genus, 17 (2), 291 - 297." type="journal article" year="2006">Pyrcz &amp; Rodriguez (2006)</bibRefCitation>
and another species of
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F25FF9CFCA1B14D22E0FD4F" box="[867,977,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Eumaeini">Eumaeini</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="5D8CB6B65F25FF9CFC1EB14D21D5FD6C" authority="Prieto &amp; Rodriguez (2007)" authorityName="Prieto &amp; Rodriguez" authorityYear="2007" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Penaincisalia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cuiva">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFC1EB14D258BFD4F" box="[988,1210,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Penaincisalia cuiva</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="FE1DB0C45F25FF9CFB02B14D21D5FD6C" author="Prieto" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" refString="Prieto, C. &amp; Rodriguez, G. (2007) A new species of Penaincisalia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Eumaeini) from the high Andes of Colombia, Zootaxa, 1660, 61 - 68." type="journal article" year="2007">Prieto &amp; Rodriguez (2007)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, recently described from the same locality. The upper slopes of the specific locality are clothed in patchy high-altitude elfin forest. However, most of the area is devoid of vegetation and constitutes livestock pastures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9A33CD355F25FF9CFF05B1F923E2FD24" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,723,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="A8F811275F25FF9CFF05B1F92009FD3B" box="[199,312,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Temporal:</emphasis>
Known only from January and July.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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