290 lines
34 KiB
XML
290 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="6A4A193872221AFC276CED3B038B156A" ID-ISSN="11755334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625501522896" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Löcker, Birgit, Fletcher, Murray J., Larivière, Marie-Claude & Gurr, Geoff M." docDate="2006" docId="03FE87F4FFB30E58B863960BFE38203B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01290p138.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1290 (1290)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Oliarus Stal sensu Emeljanov 1862" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="FFC7FF8CFFA00E4CB96B9438FFB4276D" masterDocTitle="The Australian Pentastirini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="20" updateTime="1698989318741" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="99F47B52ECCFE0AFD80FA335308A84F0" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6FFB1880103F4B7D67927A6E31DD2824">
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<mods:title id="2A63E259696F665439CE6DD0D7D0BE4A">The Australian Pentastirini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="E1CB7BBFC9144784EBC68F82B37A3681" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="78CEF3C8162E209AD0D30B60D17C94CD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0D6EAE3A994BDA9DDEE01EEF11DA2823">Löcker, Birgit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="44E32CC88BD2F5655AED9C0DA3036BC4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4032FFF9EE94770296A93911D3377EAE">Fletcher, Murray J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="85A9BACCA028BFD59909E814F64178CD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B7CD7D78C99A8B7A6644333A3D0B2B27">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="AE18003A49D774D5AFB75038F91EDC41">Larivière, Marie-Claude</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="F62F8451302BDB9A7D62D5826F339ACD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AF4B91BDFB81B4572FB1BF26CB167D2D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="12C45B06927E7CB67144405C7F6620FF">Gurr, Geoff M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="BA589B52792B42E8561C7F13CE87C247">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F201D17AE1116474A26B0178D8192729">
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<mods:date id="82BFA52C64F48B80FB5004B82FA266EC">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="2EC06F7B6F10B4A20488E6318E8D3B2C">2006-08-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2FAFDBACA924DDB20827AE1BD8C96FC9">1290</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="51FD56CE524D365F833B77687F149DDF">1290</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8501A1C49B6EBC80337B941D43737836">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="A837AABD724F9D9540CE1A220298E212">138</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="654C506589CFA4A37B8FE22EC1579EF7" type="ISSN">11755334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03FE87F4FFB30E58B863960BFE38203B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5072927" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5072927" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F4FFB30E58B863960BFE38203B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F4FFB30E58B863960BFE38203B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<subSubSection id="C34D6569FFB30E5FB863960BFD7F2520" box="[264,715,563,590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB863960BFD7F2520" blockId="19.[264,715,563,590]" box="[264,715,563,590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<heading id="D0A0818EFFB30E5FB863960BFD7F2520" bold="true" box="[264,715,563,590]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB863960BFD7F2520" bold="true" box="[264,715,563,590]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB30E5FB834960CFD7F2520" ID-CoL="67LZ" ID-ENA="390105" authority="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[351,715,563,590]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB834960CFE0E2523" bold="true" box="[351,442,564,590]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Oliarus</emphasis>
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Stål sensu Emeljanov
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D6569FFB30E5FB8639647FDBD25F8" box="[264,521,638,662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB8639647FDBD25F8" blockId="19.[264,683,638,694]" box="[264,521,638,662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711CCFFB30E5FB8639647FDBD25F8" box="[264,521,638,662]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F3FFB30E5FB8639647FDB125F8" author="Stal, C." box="[264,517,638,662]" page="306" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" year="1862">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB30E5FB8639647FDB125F8" ID-CoL="67LZ" authority="Stal, 1862: 306" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityPageNumber="306" authorityYear="1862" box="[264,517,638,662]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB8639647FEED25FB" box="[264,345,639,662]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Oliarus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB30E5FB80B9646FDB125F8" author="Stal, C." box="[352,517,638,661]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="303 - 315" refId="ref44674" refString="Stal, C. (1862) Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterorum formae et species. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6, 303 - 315." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål, 1862: 306</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D6569FFB30E58B86396A6FE38203B" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB86396A6FD1F25D8" blockId="19.[264,683,638,694]" box="[264,683,670,694]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<typeStatus id="54EC8840FFB30E5FB86396A6FE8925D8" box="[264,317,670,693]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB30E5FB8FC96A7FD1C25D8" authority="Stal, 1859" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1859" box="[407,680,670,694]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Cixius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB8FC96A7FD8625DB" box="[407,562,671,694]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Cixius walkeri</emphasis>
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Stål, 1859
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB86396DFFE2D246D" blockId="19.[264,1325,743,1332]" box="[264,409,743,768]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB86396DFFE2D246D" box="[264,409,743,768]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morphology</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB8539737FC882444" blockId="19.[264,1325,743,1332]" box="[312,828,782,809]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Body length:
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<specimenCount id="9D51FD6BFFB30E5FB8BC9728FE5D244F" box="[471,489,784,802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="4CAF9B07FFB30E5FB89B9737FD342444" box="[496,640,783,809]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" metricValueMax="9.1" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="6.4" valueMax="9.1" valueMin="3.7">3.7–9.1 mm</quantity>
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,
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<specimenCount id="9D51FD6BFFB30E5FBBE79736FD14244F" box="[652,672,782,802]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<quantity id="4CAF9B07FFB30E5FBBCC9737FC8C2444" box="[679,824,783,809]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="7.4" metricValueMin="4.1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="7.4" valueMin="4.1">4.1–7.4 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB853970FFA9F249C" blockId="19.[264,1325,743,1332]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Head: Vertex (total length) 1.7–3.9 times longer than wide; lateral carinae strongly elevated; subapical carina forking from lateral margin at around 1/4–1/2 of total length of vertex; median carina 1/4–2/3 as long as median length of vertex. Position of maximum width of frons more or less around centre of frontoclypeal suture; lateral carinae of frons convex (rectilinear apically) or sshaped. Anteclypeus with welldeveloped median carina.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB85397C7FDC32389" blockId="19.[264,1325,743,1332]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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Thorax: Forewing with fork ScRA+RP distad or basad of fork CuA1+CuA2; rm crossvein distad or basad of fork MA+MP; RP apically bifid (rarely trifid); MA apically bifid, trifid or tetrafid; MP apically bifid; fork of Pcu+A1 distinctly basad or more or less around centre of clavus. Hind leg: tibia with 2 lateral spines; 6 (rarely 7) large apical teeth; 1
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<superScript id="7C229BAAFFB30E5FB87C90A6FE9623C1" attach="left" box="[279,290,1182,1196]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">st</superScript>
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tarsomere with 7–8 (rarely 9) apical teeth and no platellae; 2
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<superScript id="7C229BAAFFB30E5FBA9E90A6FBB123C1" attach="left" box="[1013,1029,1182,1196]" fontSize="6" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">nd</superScript>
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tarsomere with 5 (rarely 6) apical teeth and no platellae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB85390CAFE022259" blockId="19.[264,1325,743,1332]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Male genitalia: Genital styles with or without medium sized, sclerotised, spinelike, dorsal process.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB8639152FE2322EE" blockId="19.[264,1322,1386,1492]" box="[264,407,1386,1411]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB8639152FE2322EE" box="[264,407,1386,1411]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Distribution</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB85391AAFDC622B9" blockId="19.[264,1322,1386,1492]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<collectingCountry id="F3407672FFB30E5FB85391AAFE1722C1" box="[312,419,1426,1452]" name="Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Australia</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion id="4993F800FFB30E5FB8D791AAFDFF22C1" box="[444,587,1426,1452]" country="Australia" name="Queensland" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Queensland</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4993F800FFB30E5FBB0B91AAFCF722C1" box="[608,835,1426,1452]" country="Australia" name="Northern Territory" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Northern Territory</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4993F800FFB30E5FBA3391AAFB8C22C1" box="[856,1080,1426,1452]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
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),
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<collectingCountry id="F3407672FFB30E5FBD3E91AAFA9322C1" box="[1109,1319,1426,1452]" name="Christmas Island" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Christmas Island</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3407672FFB30E5FB8639182FEC822B9" box="[264,380,1466,1492]" name="Indonesia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F3407672FFB30E5FB8E39182FDDA22B9" box="[392,622,1466,1492]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB8639232FEDA214E" blockId="19.[264,1323,1546,1892]" box="[264,366,1546,1571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FB8639232FEDA214E" box="[264,366,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E5FB853920AFDB921A9" blockId="19.[264,1323,1546,1892]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Females (unless associated with males, see comments in Material & Methods section) could only be identified to generic level. The body length measurement given above is derived from females assigned to species level plus additional females which could only be identified to genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB30E58B85392EAFBE42512" blockId="19.[264,1323,1546,1892]" lastBlockId="20.[264,1324,284,1879]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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The fork of ScRA+RP in the forewing is distad of the fork CuA1+CuA
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<quantity id="4CAF9B07FFB30E5FBD1692EAFB1E2181" box="[1149,1194,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
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all species of the genus except for
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB30E5FBB4B92C2FD03207E" authorityName="Van Stalle" authorityYear="1989" box="[544,695,1786,1811]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="busoensis">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FBB4B92C2FD03207E" box="[544,695,1786,1811]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. busoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, where it lies basad. In the acanthopygophoris group the rm crossvein is basad of the fork MA+MP, whereas in all other
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB30E5FBD28931AFB282056" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[1091,1180,1826,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FBD28931AFB282056" box="[1091,1180,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Oliarus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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it is distad. Typically in this genus RP is bifid apically; however, in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB30E5FBDEB9372FAA2200E" authorityName="Van Stalle" authorityYear="1989" box="[1152,1302,1866,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="busoensis">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB30E5FBDEB9372FAA2200E" box="[1152,1302,1866,1891]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">O. busoensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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a trifid RP was recorded. In
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BB219524FCE62658" authorityName="Löcker & Fletcher & Larivière & Gurr" authorityYear="2006" box="[586,850,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthopygophoris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BB219524FCE62658" box="[586,850,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. acanthopygophoris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BAE49524FB882658" authorityName="Löcker & Fletcher & Larivière & Gurr" authorityYear="2006" box="[911,1084,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawlerorum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BAE49524FB882658" box="[911,1084,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. lawlerorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the nodus of the yvein is more or less around the centre of the clavus, whereas in all other species of the genus it is shifted distinctly basad of the centre. The chaetotaxy of the hind legs in specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B8DA95ACFDF926C0" authorityName="Kirkaldy sensu Jacobi" authorityYear="1928" box="[433,589,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kampaspe">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58B8DA95ACFDF926C0" box="[433,589,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. kampaspe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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varied from the typical chaetotaxy in this genus which is 6 large apical teeth on the tibia, 7 apical teeth on the 1
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<superScript id="7C229BAAFFB40E58BADC9584FC7626A7" attach="left" box="[951,962,444,458]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">st</superScript>
|
||
tarsomere, and 5 on the 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C229BAAFFB40E58BC719584FA9E26A7" attach="none" box="[1306,1322,444,458]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">nd</superScript>
|
||
tarsomere. Most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BBEC95DFFC92256D" authorityName="Kirkaldy sensu Jacobi" authorityYear="1928" box="[647,806,487,512]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kampaspe">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BBEC95DFFC92256D" box="[647,806,487,512]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. kampaspe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had 7 large apical teeth on the tibia; all specimens had 8 apical teeth on the 1
|
||
<superScript id="7C229BAAFFB40E58BBB19637FD512570" attach="left" box="[730,741,527,541]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">st</superScript>
|
||
tarsomere; and in some specimens we found 6 apical teeth on the 2
|
||
<superScript id="7C229BAAFFB40E58BB619602FDAE2525" attach="left" box="[522,538,570,584]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">nd</superScript>
|
||
tarsomere. Species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BA019605FBF8253B" authorityName="Löcker & Fletcher & Larivière & Gurr" authorityYear="2006" box="[874,1100,573,598]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthopygophoris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BA019605FBF8253B" box="[874,1100,573,598]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">acanthopygophoris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group are unique within this genus in having a mediumsized, sclerotised, dorsal process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E2FFB40E58B85396B5FE38203B" blockId="20.[264,1324,284,1879]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
As
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58B80A96B5FE4325CA" author="Hoch, H." box="[353,503,653,679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="53 - 60" refId="ref43957" refString="Hoch, H. (2005) On the identity of the type species of the planthopper genus Oliarus Stal, 1862, Oliarus walkeri (Stal, 1859). Zootaxa, 1056, 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="2005">Hoch (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BB3696B5FC8325CA" authority="Stal, 1862" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[605,823,653,679]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BB3696B5FD0225CB" box="[605,694,653,678]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BBAB96B5FC8325CA" author="Stal, C." box="[704,823,653,679]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="303 - 315" refId="ref44674" refString="Stal, C. (1862) Novae vel minus cognitae Homopterorum formae et species. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 6, 303 - 315." type="journal article" year="1862">Stål, 1862</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has long been a notorious catchall genus for Pentastirine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B8BB968DFD8725A2" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1839" box="[464,563,693,719]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cixiidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
from nearly all parts of the world.” In recent years several attempts have been made to divide the complex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BA0996E5FC0F259B" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[866,955,733,758]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BA0996E5FC0F259B" box="[866,955,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578BFFB40E58BAA396E5FC5E259A" box="[968,1002,733,759]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" sensu="lato">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BAA396E5FC56259B" box="[968,994,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">s.l</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
into more natural genera. Several new genera were created by authors such as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BAED973DFBE32472" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[902,1111,773,799]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="20 - 36" refId="ref43573" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (1992) Planthoppers of the family Cixiidae from vicinity of Ambo, Ethiopia (Homoptera, Cicadina). Zoosystematica Rossica, 1, 20 - 36." type="journal article" year="1992">Emeljanov (1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 2001a),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BDAC973DFE0A242A" author="Mead, F. W. & Kramer, J. P." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="381 - 569" refId="ref44529" refString="Mead, F. W. & Kramer, J. P. (1982) Taxonomic study of the planthopper genus Oliarus in the United States (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae). Transactions of the American entomological Society, 107, 381 - 569." type="journal article" year="1982">Mead & Kramer (1982)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BB639715FD6A242A" author="Van Stalle, J." box="[520,734,813,839]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="171 - 175" refId="ref44890" refString="Van Stalle, J. (1985) Revision of afrotropical Pentastirini (Homoptera, Cixiidae) I: Lalobidius gen. nov. Revue de Zoologie africaine, 99, 171 - 175." type="journal article" year="1985">Van Stalle (1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BB999715FC89242A" author="Van Stalle, J." box="[754,829,813,839]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="55 - 153" refId="ref44925" refString="Van Stalle, J. (1986 a) Revision of the Afrotropical Pentastirini (Homoptera: Cixiidae). II: the genus Pentastiridius Kirschbaum 1868. Bulletin et Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 122, 55 - 153." type="journal article" year="1986">1986a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BA3A9715FC29242A" author="Van Stalle, J." box="[849,925,813,839]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="197 - 230" refId="ref44969" refString="Van Stalle, J. (1986 b) Revision of Afrotropical Pentastirini (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Cixiidae) III: Norialsus gen. nov. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 49, 197 - 230." type="journal article" year="1986">1986b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BADA9715FC48242A" author="Van Stalle, J." box="[945,1020,813,839]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="100 - 129" refId="ref45011" refString="Van Stalle, J. (1986 c) Revision of Afrotropical Pentastirini (Homoptera, Cixiidae) IV: Description of Peartolus gen. nov., Dorialus gen. nov., Narravertus gen. nov., Kibofascius gen. nov., Afroreptalus gen. nov. and Pseudoliarus hudeibensis n. sp., with notes on phylogeny and systematics. Mededelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Letteren en Schone Kunsten Belgie, 48, 100 - 129." type="journal article" year="1986">1986c</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1986d, 1987, 1991) to accommodate Palaearctic, Ethiopian, and Nearctic species previously described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B8639745FED524FB" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[264,353,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58B8639745FED524FB" box="[264,353,893,918]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Emeljanov also proposed a new concept for
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BAE49745FB8024FB" box="[911,1076,893,918]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BAE49745FC5C24FB" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[911,1000,893,918]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Oliarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578BFFB40E58BA989745FB8024FB" box="[1011,1076,893,918]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BD2E9745FAA924FA" author="Emeljanov, A. F." box="[1093,1309,893,919]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="71 - 72" refId="ref43640" refString="Emeljanov, A. F. (2001 b) The genus Oliarus s. str. and related genera from the Oriental Region (Homoptera: Cixiidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 10, 71 - 72." type="journal article" year="2001">Emeljanov 2001b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), “Typical members of
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BB49979DFD6724D3" box="[546,723,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BB49979DFDCF24D3" authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" box="[546,635,933,958]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Oliarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578BFFB40E58BBE7979DFD6724D3" box="[652,723,933,958]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
are characterised by the more or less narrow macrocoryphe (‘vertex’); acuteangularly projecting forward anterior carina of the coryphe touching medially the anterior carina of the macrocoryphe (i.e. the acrometope subdivided into a pair of longitudinal triangles); elongate styles with thick medioventral heel tapering to the apical hooklike dilation; apical dilation usually with acute anterolateral angle and sometimes with blunt projections of posteromedial and posterolateral angle.” Consequently, only 46 species from the Oriental and Australian region remained in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B8639085FDC023BA" authority="sensu Emeljanov. Our" authorityName="Emeljanov. Our" box="[264,628,1213,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58B8639085FE1923BB" box="[264,429,1213,1238]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Emeljanov. Our
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
investigations of the Australian fauna revealed a distinct group, sharing the features of Emeljanov’s concept of
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BAC690DDFBE12393" box="[941,1109,1253,1278]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BAC690DDFBB32393" box="[941,1031,1253,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">Oliarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A210578BFFB40E58BD7890DDFBE12393" box="[1043,1109,1253,1278]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
They are further characterised by the presence of 5 spines on the second hind tarsomeres and only 2 lateral spines on the hind tibia (this feature separates them from all other Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BDF5910DFA932222" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="1971" box="[1182,1319,1333,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentastirini">Pentastirini</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have 3–4 lateral spines).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B13FFB40E58BBF99165FC9F221A" author="Hoch, H." box="[658,811,1373,1399]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="53 - 60" refId="ref43957" refString="Hoch, H. (2005) On the identity of the type species of the planthopper genus Oliarus Stal, 1862, Oliarus walkeri (Stal, 1859). Zootaxa, 1056, 53 - 60." type="journal article" year="2005">Hoch (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recently clarified the identity of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8840FFB40E58BD939165FA9E221A" box="[1272,1322,1373,1399]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B81891BDFD9222F2" authority="Stal" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1859" box="[371,550,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Cixius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58B81891BDFE5B22F3" box="[371,495,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
Stål
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54EC8840FFB40E58BB3691BDFD2422F2" box="[605,656,1413,1439]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BA7F91BDFCD922F3" box="[788,877,1413,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BA7F91BDFCD922F3" box="[788,877,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. She emphasised that the aedeagus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B8639195FE3F22AB" authorityName="Stal" authorityYear="1859" box="[264,395,1453,1478]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Cixius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="walkeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58B8639195FE3F22AB" box="[264,395,1453,1478]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">O. walkeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows certain highly apomorphic characters, such as lack of articulation between phallotheca and flagellum and flagellum sheathed by processes of phallotheca which do not seem to be present in any other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BAC791C5FB49217A" authority="sensu Emeljanov. In" authorityName="Emeljanov. In" box="[940,1277,1533,1559]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BAC791C5FBFB217B" box="[940,1103,1533,1558]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Emeljanov. In
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the Australian species, the flagellum shows various forms ranging from very small, hardly detectable and not articulated in
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BBDC9275FC7A210B" box="[695,974,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BBDC9275FC7D210B" authorityName="Löcker & Fletcher & Larivière & Gurr" authorityYear="2006" box="[695,969,1613,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthopygophoris">O. acanthopygophoris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
to large and more clearly articulated (e.g., in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BB45924DFD3321E3" authorityName="Löcker & Fletcher & Larivière & Gurr" authorityYear="2006" box="[558,647,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BB45924DFD3321E3" box="[558,647,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group). Based on our investigations of the Australian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B86392A5FE3921DA" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="1971" box="[264,397,1693,1719]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentastirini">Pentastirini</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna, we found that especially in the structure of the aedeagus there is an enormous amount of diversity. For this reason, we have retained these Australian species within the genus
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58B8BD92D5FD83206B" box="[470,567,1773,1798]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58B8BD92D5FD87206B" box="[470,563,1773,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oliarus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BD3092D5FB55206A" authorityName="Emeljanov" authorityYear="1971" box="[1115,1249,1773,1799]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pentastirini">Pentastirini</taxonomicName>
|
||
fauna are needed to clarify whether there are more genera lurking within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D61FFB40E58BD14932DFE38203B" authority="sensu Emeljanov." authorityName="Stal sensu Emeljanov" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Oliarus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF0FFB40E58BD14932DFA9E2043" box="[1151,1322,1813,1838]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Oliarus sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Emeljanov.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |