167 lines
24 KiB
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167 lines
24 KiB
XML
<document id="A1BE338576D781CDB9A816FAB7DBE4CF" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FFB8FFFCFF57FBD6FF29FDDF" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Stomopneustes variolaris" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="41D8BA2E98164D3AF469D3332058D2B7">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FFB8FFFCFF57FBD6FF29FDDF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022680" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022680" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFB8FFFCFF57FBD6FF29FDDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FFB8FFFCFF57FBD6FF29FDDF" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB8FFC3FF57FBD6FEE3FB8E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB8FFC3FF57FBD6FD55FBA8" blockId="31.[151,668,1089,1149]" box="[151,668,1089,1115]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFFB8FFC3FF57FBD6FD55FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,668,1089,1115]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB8FFC3FF57FBD6FD55FBA8" ID-CoL="6ZWQR" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[151,668,1089,1115]" class="Echinoidea" family="Stomopneustidae" genus="Stomopneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomopneustoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variolaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FF57FBD6FD55FBA8" bold="true" box="[151,668,1089,1115]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FF57FBD6FE0CFBA8" bold="true" box="[151,453,1089,1115]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stomopneustes variolaris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB8FFC3FE14FBD6FD5DFBA8" author="Lamarck" box="[468,660,1089,1115]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la d´etermination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB8FFC3FF57FBF3FEE3FB8E" blockId="31.[151,668,1089,1149]" box="[151,298,1124,1149]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB8FFC3FF57FBF3FF2FFB8E" box="[151,230,1124,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 32" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1902,1924]" captionTargetBox="[369,1244,1204,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@31.[340,1247,1201,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 32. Stomopneustes variolaris A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 077790)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843391/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="DF28666EFFB8FFC3FF57F8F9FDD5F850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843391/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[369,1244,1204,1877]" targetPageId="31">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB8FFC3FF57F8F9FDD5F850" blockId="31.[151,1436,1902,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FF57F8F9FEE8F877" bold="true" box="[151,289,1902,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 32.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB8FFC3FEE8F8F8FDE0F877" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[296,553,1902,1924]" class="Echinoidea" family="Stomopneustidae" genus="Stomopneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomopneustoida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variolaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FEE8F8F8FDE0F877" box="[296,553,1902,1924]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Stomopneustes variolaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FDF0F8F9FD8BF877" bold="true" box="[560,578,1902,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
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. Map showing distribution.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FCA6F8F9FCBEF877" bold="true" box="[870,887,1902,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
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. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal).
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB8FFC3FB20F8F9FB3BF877" bold="true" box="[1248,1266,1902,1924]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
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. Aboral view of preserved specimen (MBC-A077790).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF87FFFCFF57FF0EFE43FEF9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF87FFFCFF57FF0EFE43FEF9" blockId="32.[151,1437,152,266]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF87FFFCFF57FF0EFE43FEF9" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF87FFFCFF57FF0EFD24FF5D" ID-CoL="6ZWQR" authority=": Alcock & Anderson, 1894: 193" authorityName=": Alcock & Anderson" authorityPageNumber="193" authorityYear="1894" box="[151,749,152,174]" class="Echinoidea" family="Stomopneustidae" genus="Stomopneustes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Stomopneustoida" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="variolaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF87FFFCFF57FF0EFE51FF5D" box="[151,408,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Stomopneustes variolaris</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFE66FF0FFD24FF5D" author="Alcock" box="[422,749,152,174]" page="193" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1894">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFE66FF0FFD71FF5D" author="Alcock" box="[422,696,152,174]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Alcock, A. & Anderson, A. R. S. (1894) Natural history notes from HM Indian marine survey steamer '' Investigator' ', commander CF Oldham, RN, commanding. Series II, No. 14. An account of a recent collection of deep sea Crustacea from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63, 141 - 185." type="journal article" year="1894">Alcock & Anderson, 1894</bibRefCitation>
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: 193
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFD38FF0FFC1CFF5D" author="Doderlein" box="[760,981,152,174]" page="248" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFD38FF0FFC68FF5D" author="Doderlein" box="[760,929,152,174]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 248
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFC21FF0EFB0AFF5D" author="Mortensen" box="[993,1219,152,174]" page="507" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1935">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFC21FF0EFB58FF5D" author="Mortensen" box="[993,1169,152,174]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Mortensen, T., (1935) A Monograph of the Echiniodea. II. Bothriocidarioda, Melonechinoida, Lepidocebtroida, and Stirodonta. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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: 507
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
–512. Pl. LXXI,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF87FFFCFAB0FF0FFF39FF3F" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-2="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 3–5</figureCitation>
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. Pl. LXXII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF87FFFCFEB1FF21FE07FF3F" box="[369,462,182,204]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 1–2</figureCitation>
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. Pl. LXXXIX,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF87FFFCFDACFF21FD28FF3F" box="[620,737,182,204]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-10="FIGURE 26" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStart-3="FIGURE 19" captionStart-4="FIGURE 20" captionStart-5="FIGURE 21" captionStart-6="FIGURE 22" captionStart-7="FIGURE 23" captionStart-8="FIGURE 24" captionStart-9="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionStartId-10="27.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-2="21.[151,250,1086,1108]" captionStartId-3="22.[151,250,872,894]" captionStartId-4="22.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionStartId-5="23.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionStartId-6="24.[151,250,1517,1539]" captionStartId-7="25.[151,250,875,897]" captionStartId-8="26.[151,250,962,984]" captionStartId-9="26.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetBox-1="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetBox-10="[366,1244,1332,1954]" captionTargetBox-2="[369,1244,452,1064]" captionTargetBox-3="[368,1244,196,848]" captionTargetBox-4="[373,1244,1191,1877]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,1030,1673]" captionTargetBox-6="[372,1246,833,1492]" captionTargetBox-7="[370,1246,194,845]" captionTargetBox-8="[368,1245,306,937]" captionTargetBox-9="[374,1244,1381,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetId-10="figure@27.[340,1247,1329,1957]" captionTargetId-2="figure@21.[340,1247,451,1065]" captionTargetId-3="figure@22.[340,1247,195,851]" captionTargetId-4="figure@22.[340,1247,1188,1880]" captionTargetId-5="figure@23.[340,1247,1028,1676]" captionTargetId-6="figure@24.[340,1247,832,1495]" captionTargetId-7="figure@25.[342,1249,193,848]" captionTargetId-8="figure@26.[340,1247,303,940]" captionTargetId-9="figure@26.[340,1247,1379,1958]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-10="27" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionTargetPageId-4="22" captionTargetPageId-5="23" captionTargetPageId-6="24" captionTargetPageId-7="25" captionTargetPageId-8="26" captionTargetPageId-9="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." captionText-10="FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717)." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010)." captionText-5="FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 24. Aspidodiadema africanum (MBC-A 022216). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-9="FIGURE 25. Astropyga radiata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28211)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/843379/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843363/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843365/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843367/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843369/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843371/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843373/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843375/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843377/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figs 16–26</figureCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFD2DFF20FC1CFF3F" author="Clark" box="[749,981,182,204]" page="378" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFD2DFF20FC69FF3F" author="Clark" box="[749,928,182,204]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 378
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</treatmentCitation>
|
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFC20FF20FB0FFF3F" author="Clark" box="[992,1222,182,204]" page="68" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1925">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFC20FF20FB56FF3F" author="Clark" box="[992,1183,182,204]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Clark & Courtman- Stock, 1976: 228;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFE42FF42FDABFF18" author="Richmond" box="[386,610,213,235]" page="296" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFE42FF42FDE7FF18" author="Richmond" box="[386,558,213,235]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 296
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Samyn, 2003: 208,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF87FFFCFCF3FF42FCB9FF18" box="[819,880,213,235]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFC4FFF42FB41FF18" author="Branch" box="[911,1160,213,235]" page="234" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFC4FFF42FB9EFF18" author="Branch" box="[911,1111,213,235]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF87FFFCFC1FFF41FBC4FF18" box="[991,1037,213,235]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 105.3;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF87FFFCFAC9FF42FF27FEF9" author="Schultz" page="114" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFAC9FF42FA50FF18" author="Schultz" box="[1289,1433,213,235]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 114
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, Figs 203–206.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF87FFFCFF57FEA3FD83FE6B" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF87FFFCFF57FEA3FC75FEBF" blockId="32.[151,1436,308,556]" box="[151,956,308,333]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF87FFFCFF57FEA3FE49FEBE" bold="true" box="[151,384,308,333]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MBC-A023321; MBC-A077791; MBC-A077790.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF87FFFCFF07FECCFD83FE6B" blockId="32.[151,1436,308,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF87FFFCFF07FECCFEB9FE87" bold="true" box="[199,368,347,372]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Test hard, robust; arched aborally, flattened orally; outline circular; denuded test white. Spines striated, stout, fusiform, black in color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF87FFFCFF07FE30FF29FDDF" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF87FFFCFF07FE30FC87FE4C" blockId="32.[151,1436,308,556]" box="[199,846,423,448]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF87FFFCFF07FE30FE1BFE33" bold="true" box="[199,466,423,448]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF87FFFCFD2BFE3FFC83FE4C" box="[747,842,424,448]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF87FFFCFF07FE5CFF29FDDF" blockId="32.[151,1436,308,556]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF87FFFCFF07FE5CFE7CFE17" bold="true" box="[199,437,459,484]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Widely distributed in Indo-Pacific, from East coast region of South Africa through East Africa to Samoa Islands, from Japan to north Australia and New Caledonia; littoral (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFBB9FE67FAF0FDFB" author="Mortensen" box="[1145,1337,495,520]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Mortensen, T., (1935) A Monograph of the Echiniodea. II. Bothriocidarioda, Melonechinoida, Lepidocebtroida, and Stirodonta. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF87FFFCFA88FE78FF1DFDDF" author="Schultz" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |