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<mods:title id="80FE1B5E7178FA5BBB128EDDB57F9D8E">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0A0818AFFB7FFCCFF57F8CFFD55F881" bold="true" box="[151,668,1880,1906]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB7FFCCFF57F8CFFD55F881" ID-CoL="52DVG" authority="Mortensen, 1928 b" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,668,1880,1906]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamosa">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB7FFCCFF57F8CFFD55F881" bold="true" box="[151,668,1880,1906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB7FFCCFF57F8CFFE7DF881" bold="true" box="[151,436,1880,1906]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stereocidaris squamosa</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB7FFCCFE7BF8CFFD55F881" author="Mortensen" box="[443,668,1880,1906]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928 b) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16, 44: New Cidaridae. (Preliminary Notice.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 85, 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen, 1928b</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB7FFCCFF57F8ECFEE3F860" blockId="16.[151,668,1880,1940]" box="[151,298,1915,1940]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB7FFCCFF57F8ECFF2FF860" box="[151,230,1915,1940]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionTargetBox="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
AC.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB7FFCCFF57F82AFE40F827" box="[151,393,1981,2004]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Stereocidaris squamosa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB7FFCCFE51F829FD87F820" author="Mortensen" box="[401,590,1981,2003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel &amp; Oxford University Press, Copenhagen &amp; London, 551 pp." type="book" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen, 1928a</bibRefCitation>
: 245
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247. Pl. XX,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB7FFCCFCD6F82AFCB8F820" box="[790,881,1981,2003]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionTargetBox-0="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-1="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-2="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 46</figureCitation>
, Pl. LXX,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB7FFCCFC24F82AFBEAF820" box="[996,1059,1981,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionTargetBox="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
. Pl. LXXX,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB7FFCCFB67F82AFAD3F820" box="[1191,1306,1981,2003]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 10" captionStart-1="FIGURE 11" captionStart-2="FIGURE 12" captionStart-3="FIGURE 13" captionStart-4="FIGURE 14" captionStart-5="FIGURE 15" captionStart-6="FIGURE 16" captionStartId-0="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionStartId-1="15.[151,250,1808,1830]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-3="17.[151,250,1183,1205]" captionStartId-4="18.[151,250,603,625]" captionStartId-5="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionStartId-6="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionTargetBox-0="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetBox-1="[369,1245,1218,1785]" captionTargetBox-2="[383,1235,1111,1734]" captionTargetBox-3="[346,1245,592,1158]" captionTargetBox-4="[369,1246,196,580]" captionTargetBox-5="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetBox-6="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetId-0="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetId-1="figure@15.[340,1247,1217,1787]" captionTargetId-2="figure@16.[358,1236,1109,1736]" captionTargetId-3="figure@17.[340,1247,591,1161]" captionTargetId-4="figure@18.[340,1247,195,581]" captionTargetId-5="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetId-6="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetPageId-0="15" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionTargetPageId-4="18" captionTargetPageId-5="18" captionTargetPageId-6="19" captionText-0="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 11. Stereocidaris capensis (MB-A 077743): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-2="FIGURE 12. Stereocidaris excavata (SAMC-A 23320). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 13. Stereocidaris squamosa (MBC-A 077750). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Close-up apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 14. Acanthocidaris maculicollis (SAMC- A 28233). A. Map showing distribution. B. Spine close-up view of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843349/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843351/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843353/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843355/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 1016</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB7FFCCFAE9F829FEF9F801" author="Mortensen" page="70" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1928">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB7FFCCFAE9F829FEC3F801" author="Mortensen" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928 b) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16, 44: New Cidaridae. (Preliminary Notice.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 85, 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen, 1928b</bibRefCitation>
: 70
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB7FFCCFEFAF84AFDE0F801" author="Mortensen" box="[314,553,2012,2034]" page="151" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1932">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB7FFCCFEFAF84AFE3FF801" author="Mortensen" box="[314,502,2012,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Mortensen, T. (1932 b) New contributions to the knowledge of the cidarids. 1. Notes on some recent cidarids (echinoderms, echinoids, taxonomy). Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, 4, 145 - 174." type="journal article" year="1932" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen, 1932b</bibRefCitation>
: 151
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB7FFCCFDF3F84BFC61F801" author="Clark" box="[563,936,2012,2034]" page="218" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB7FFCCFDF3F84BFCBCF801" author="Clark" box="[563,885,2012,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 218
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB7FFCCFC72F84BFBB6F801" author="Schultz" box="[946,1151,2012,2034]" page="1060" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB7FFCCFC72F84BFB88F801" author="Schultz" box="[946,1089,2012,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" refString="Schultz, H. (2011) Sea-Urchins III, Worldwide Regular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 1338 pp." type="book" year="2011">Schultz, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 1060
</treatmentCitation>
, Figs
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.
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB6FFCDFF57FF00FB4EFEEE" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB6FFCDFF57FF00FDF6FF43" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[151,575,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFF57FF00FE49FF43" bold="true" box="[151,384,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined.</emphasis>
MBC-A077750.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB6FFCDFF07FF2BFB4EFEEE" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFF07FF2BFEB9FF26" bold="true" box="[199,368,188,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Identification.</emphasis>
Has a less aborally elevated test than
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFCE4FF2BFBEAFF27" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1932" box="[804,1059,188,213]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFCE4FF2BFBEAFF27" box="[804,1059,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Stereocidaris excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, greenish apical disc (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB6FFCDFAE2FF2BFF28FF0B" author="Mortensen" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928 b) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16, 44: New Cidaridae. (Preliminary Notice.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 85, 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1928b</bibRefCitation>
), and gonopores centrally positioned; primary spines with broad tips, with about 15 longitudinal ridges, yellowish, slightly tapered, dark line towards neck of spines; naked lines along test plates.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB6FFCDFF07FEB0FD17FE7B" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB6FFCDFF07FEB0FC88FECC" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" box="[199,833,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFF07FEB0FE1BFEB3" bold="true" box="[199,466,295,320]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test diameter
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB6FFCDFF07FEDBFD17FE7B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFF07FEDBFE7CFE96" bold="true" box="[199,437,332,357]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Global distribution.</emphasis>
East coast region of
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<collectingRegion id="4993F804FFB6FFCDFD67FEDBFD21FE96" box="[679,744,332,357]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">South</collectingRegion>
Africa
</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FFB6FFCDFC88FEDBFC79FE96" box="[840,944,332,357]" name="Tanzania" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
, Saya da Malha Bank, at
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depth (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB6FFCDFF5EFEE7FEA1FE7B" author="Mortensen" box="[158,360,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928 b) Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16, 44: New Cidaridae. (Preliminary Notice.). Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i Kobenhavn, 85, 65 - 74." type="journal article" year="1928" yearSuffix="b">Mortensen 1928b</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB6FFCDFEB4FEF8FD18FE7B" author="Clark" box="[372,721,367,392]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB6FFCDFF07FE03FB01FDE4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB6FFCDFF07FE03FB01FDE4" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,536]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFF07FE03FEF2FE5E" bold="true" box="[199,315,404,429]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</emphasis>
Differs from the two endemic species
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFCC2FE02FC48FE5F" authorityName=": Doderlein" authorityYear="1906" box="[770,897,405,428]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFCC2FE02FC48FE5F" box="[770,897,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFC7EFE02FB88FE5F" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1932" box="[958,1089,405,428]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFC7EFE02FB88FE5F" box="[958,1089,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in primary spines and genital plates, respectively.
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFEBAFE20FDFDFE23" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1907" box="[378,564,439,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Brissidae" genus="Brissopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subSpecies" species="lyrifera" subSpecies="capensis">
Both
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFE77FE2FFDFDFE23" box="[439,564,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. capensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFDAAFE2FFD3FFE23" box="[618,758,440,464]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="squamous">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFDAAFE2FFD3FFE23" box="[618,758,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. squamous</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have slightly elevated genital plates with distally positioned gonopores, but differ in the number of longitudinal ridges on the spine; the latter having about 15 and the former 12 ridges. Differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFEBCFD97FE35FDEB" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1932" box="[380,508,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFEBCFD97FE35FDEB" box="[380,508,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in raised greenish apical disc,
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB6FFCDFC94FD97FC1DFDEB" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1932" box="[852,980,512,536]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Stereocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="excavata">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB6FFCDFC94FD97FC1DFDEB" box="[852,980,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">S. excavata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
having a sunken one.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>