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<document id="CB52D852B34648110F6A4209F79833F3" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka &amp; Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FFB3FFC9FF57F927FEC2FE78" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Araeosoma paucispinum H. L. Clark 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D088838B9015E511CF19AB97977991C9">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FFB3FFC9FF57F927FEC2FE78" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022624" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650318" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFB3FFC9FF57F927FEC2FE78" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FFB3FFC9FF57F927FEC2FE78" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB3FFC8FF57F927FEE3F918" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB3FFC8FF57F927FD63F939" blockId="20.[151,682,1712,1771]" box="[151,682,1712,1738]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<heading id="D0A0818AFFB3FFC8FF57F927FD63F939" bold="true" box="[151,682,1712,1738]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB3FFC8FF57F927FD63F939" ID-CoL="G4H2" authority="H. L. Clark, 1925 c" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,682,1712,1738]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinum">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB3FFC8FF57F927FD63F939" bold="true" box="[151,682,1712,1738]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB3FFC8FF57F927FE0DF939" bold="true" box="[151,452,1712,1738]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Araeosoma paucispinum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB3FFC8FE0BF927FD63F939" author="Clark" box="[459,682,1712,1738]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 c) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Part I: Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 4, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1925" yearSuffix="c">H.L. Clark, 1925c</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB3FFC8FF57F945FEE3F918" blockId="20.[151,682,1712,1771]" box="[151,298,1746,1771]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB3FFC8FF57F945FF2FF918" box="[151,230,1746,1771]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1086,1108]" captionTargetBox="[369,1244,452,1064]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[340,1247,451,1065]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843363/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
AC.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB3FFC8FF57F88CFBE8F8BC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB3FFC8FF57F88CFBE8F8BC" blockId="20.[151,1436,1819,1871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFB3FFC8FF57F88CFBE8F8BC" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB3FFC8FF57F88CFDA9F8C2" ID-CoL="G4H2" authority="H. L. Clark, 1924: 4" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="4" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,608,1819,1841]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinothuriidae" genus="Araeosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Echinothurioida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="paucispinum">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB3FFC8FF57F88CFE58F8C2" box="[151,401,1819,1841]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Araeosoma paucispinum</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB3FFC8FE58F88BFDA9F8C2" author="Clark" box="[408,608,1819,1841]" page="4" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1924">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB3FFC8FE58F88BFD8EF8C2" author="Clark" box="[408,583,1819,1841]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
: 4
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Pl. II;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB3FFC8FD69F88BFC41F8C2" author="Mortensen" box="[681,904,1819,1841]" page="251" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1935">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB3FFC8FD69F88BFC91F8C2" author="Mortensen" box="[681,856,1819,1841]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Mortensen, T., (1935) A Monograph of the Echiniodea. II. Bothriocidarioda, Melonechinoida, Lepidocebtroida, and Stirodonta. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 647 pp." type="book" year="1935">Mortensen, 1935</bibRefCitation>
: 251
</treatmentCitation>
254. Pls. XLIXLII. Pl. LXXIX,
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB3FFC8FB24F88CFAF5F8C2" box="[1252,1340,1819,1841]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-8="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-7="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-8="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-8="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionTargetPageId-8="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Figs 19</figureCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB3FFC8FA8AF88CFE2AF8BC" author="Clark" page="219" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1976">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB3FFC8FA8AF88CFE79F8BC" author="Clark" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, A. &amp; Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark &amp; Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
: 219
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB3FFC8FE2EF8ADFD1EF8BC" author="Clark" box="[494,727,1849,1871]" page="133" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB3FFC8FE2EF8ADFD6DF8BC" author="Clark" box="[494,676,1849,1871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Clark, A. M. (1977) The South African Museum's Meiring Naude cruises. 4. Echinoderms. Annals of the South African Museum, 73 (6), 133 - 147." type="journal article" year="1977">A.M. Clark, 1977</bibRefCitation>
: 133
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB3FFC8FD22F8AEFC67F8BC" author="Schultz" box="[738,942,1849,1871]" page="1081" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" year="2011">
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB3FFC8FD22F8AEFCA6F8BC" author="Schultz" box="[738,879,1849,1871]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refString="Schultz, H. (2011) Sea-Urchins III, Worldwide Regular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 1338 pp." type="book" year="2011">Schultz, 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 1081
</treatmentCitation>
, Fig. 1887.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB3FFC9FF57F8EBFB5EFF26" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB3FFC8FF57F8EBFBB3F867" blockId="20.[151,1436,1916,2016]" box="[151,1146,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB3FFC8FF57F8EBFE49F866" bold="true" box="[151,384,1916,1941]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Material examined.</emphasis>
MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FFB3FFC8FE25F8EBFDF2F867" box="[485,571,1916,1940]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="77-02-27">022777</date>
; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FFB3FFC8FD63F8EBFD30F867" box="[675,761,1916,1940]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="14-02-28">022814</date>
; MBC-A023304; MBC-A
<date id="FFE91026FFB3FFC8FBE2F8EBFBBEF867" box="[1058,1143,1916,1940]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" value="21-02-22">022221</date>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB3FFC9FF07F834FB5EFF26" blockId="20.[151,1436,1916,2016]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,151,395]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB3FFC8FF07F834FEB9F84F" bold="true" box="[199,368,1955,1980]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Identification.</emphasis>
Test of live specimen high with circular outline. Apical plates small and widely spaced; madreporite divided into two or more parts, in some cases extending over some of the periproctal plates. Secondary ambulacra plates reduced to tablet around pore-pairs, slightly horizontal arcs. Tridentate pedicellariae with strongly involute, curved valves absent. Live specimen dark violet, when preserved reddish in color.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB2FFC9FF07FF74FEEFFEB7" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB2FFC9FF07FF74FC86FF08" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,395]" box="[199,847,227,252]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB2FFC9FF07FF74FE1BFF0F" bold="true" box="[199,466,227,252]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
Maximum test diameter
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFB2FFC9FD2BFF74FC82FF08" box="[747,843,227,252]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="135.0">135 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB2FFC9FF07FE90FEEFFEB7" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CBBFFB2FFC9FF07FE90FEEFFEB7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586033302" country="South Africa" county="East" elevation="407" location="Global" municipality="Endemic" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" specimenCount="1">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB2FFC9FF07FE90FE7DFED3" bold="true" box="[199,436,263,288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<location id="8E88603DFFB2FFC9FF07FE90FED1FED3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFB3FFC9FF57F927FEC2FE78:8E88603DFFB2FFC9FF07FE90FED1FED3" box="[199,280,263,288]" country="South Africa" county="East" municipality="Endemic" name="Global" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Global</location>
distribution.
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8CAC9CFFB2FFC9FE7CFE90FDE9FED3" box="[444,544,263,288]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Endemic</collectingMunicipality>
to
<collectingCounty id="62894E6AFFB2FFC9FD85FE9FFDBCFEEC" box="[581,629,264,287]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">East</collectingCounty>
coast region of
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FFB2FFC9FCEDFE90FC08FED3" box="[813,961,263,288]" name="South Africa" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, at
<elevation id="007AD1D5FFB2FFC9FC28FE90FBA1FEEC" box="[1000,1128,263,288]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" metricValueMax="4.54" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="407.0" valueMax="454.0" valueMin="360.0">
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFB2FFC9FC28FE90FBA1FEEC" box="[1000,1128,263,288]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.07" metricValueMax="4.54" metricValueMin="3.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="407.0" valueMax="454.0" valueMin="360.0">360454 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth (Clark &amp; Courtman- Stock 1976).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB2FFC9FF07FED8FEC2FE78" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB2FFC9FF07FED8FEC2FE78" blockId="21.[151,1436,151,395]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB2FFC9FF07FED8FEF2FE9B" bold="true" box="[199,315,335,360]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Remarks.</emphasis>
Specimens in very poor condition, making it difficult to report on tubercles and some other structures.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>