196 lines
19 KiB
XML
196 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="56D726718BE9080E91DBE30B3A172CAD" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF86FFFEFF57F96EFC35FAC6" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Tetrapygus niger" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="34" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="A2527B2DCC3DDF442EF5F8EECADD7144">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="99406E27C066FF413E025431399C71DF">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7AC2B9896E0A973226C5EECC3598CA4A">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8D4C6D3E1AF18B1F31CD67CFA4179800">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="C595A8E60CEE6AEC8A6DAEBBBF62A302">
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<mods:date id="8FB18470FEDB8A9DDAEA9E81344376AD">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8D78DEFE8BA700E1C2821CA757EA1BF0">4296</mods:number>
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF86FFFDFF57F96EFDFCF8E0" bold="true" box="[151,565,1785,1811]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF86FFFDFF57F96EFF6FF8E0" bold="true" box="[151,166,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">*</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF86FFFDFF6DF96EFDFCF8E0" ID-CoL="55RYG" authority="(Molina, 1782)" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[173,565,1785,1811]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Tetrapygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF86FFFDFF6DF96EFEB1F8E0" bold="true" box="[173,376,1785,1811]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tetrapygus niger</emphasis>
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(
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF86FFFDFF57F88BFEE3F8C6" blockId="33.[151,565,1785,1845]" box="[151,298,1820,1845]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF86FFFDFF57F88BFF2FF8C6" box="[151,230,1820,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 35" captionStartId="34.[151,250,915,937]" captionTargetBox="[372,1245,194,893]" captionTargetId="figure@34.[340,1247,193,894]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 35. Tetrapygus niger. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (Namaqualand). C. Denuded test (Namaqualand)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843397/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF86FFFDFF57F8F2FD67F86A" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF86FFFDFF57F8F2FD67F86A" blockId="33.[151,1435,1892,1945]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF86FFFDFF57F8F2FDE7F889" ID-CoL="55RYG" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1925 a: 17" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,558,1892,1914]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Tetrapygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF86FFFDFF57F8F2FE88F889" box="[151,321,1893,1914]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Tetrapygus niger</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF86FFFDFE8FF8F2FDE7F889" author="Clark" box="[335,558,1892,1914]" page="17" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF86FFFDFE8FF8F2FDC0F889" author="Clark" box="[335,521,1892,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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: 17
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF86FFFDFDF9F8F3FCE7F889" author="Branch" box="[569,814,1892,1914]" page="236" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF86FFFDFDF9F8F3FD34F889" author="Branch" box="[569,765,1892,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
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Branch
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF86FFFDFD48F8F2FD72F889" box="[648,699,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al.</emphasis>
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, 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 236
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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, Fig. 106.3;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF86FFFDFC6CF8F2FBADF889" author="Haupt" box="[940,1124,1892,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Haupt, T., Griffiths, C., Robinson, T. & Tonin, A. (2010) Oysters as vectors of marine aliens, with notes on four introduced species associated with oyster farming in South Africa. African Zoology, 45 (1), 52 - 62." type="journal article" year="2010">
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Haupt
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF86FFFDFC30F8F2FBD5F889" box="[1008,1052,1892,1914]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">et al</emphasis>
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., 2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF86FFFDFBAEF8F3FAE4F889" author="Schultz" box="[1134,1325,1892,1914]" page="128" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2010">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF86FFFDFBAEF8F3FB34F889" author="Schultz" box="[1134,1277,1892,1914]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 128
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Figs 233– 235;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF86FFFDFF3AF814FDE7F86A" author="Filander" box="[250,558,1923,1945]" page="52" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF86FFFDFF3AF814FDC0F86A" author="Filander" box="[250,521,1923,1945]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 52
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Pl. I, Fig. J.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF28666EFF85FFFEFF57FC04FEF2FC3B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843397/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[372,1245,194,893]" targetPageId="34">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF85FFFEFF57FC04FEF2FC3B" blockId="34.[151,1436,915,968]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF57FC04FEE0FC5A" bold="true" box="[151,297,915,937]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 35.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF85FFFEFEF9FC03FE24FC5A" authorityName=": H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[313,493,916,937]" class="Echinoidea" family="Arbaciidae" genus="Tetrapygus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arbacioida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="niger">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFEF9FC03FE24FC5A" box="[313,493,916,937]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Tetrapygus niger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFDC3FC04FDDCFC5A" bold="true" box="[515,533,915,937]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
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. Map showing distribution.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFC9BFC04FCA5FC5A" bold="true" box="[859,876,915,937]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
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. Live specimen (Namaqualand).
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFB24FC04FB3FFC5A" bold="true" box="[1252,1270,915,937]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C</emphasis>
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. Denuded test (Namaqualand).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF85FFFEFF57FC63FAB5FBAB" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF85FFFEFF57FC63FE20FBFE" blockId="34.[151,1437,1012,1333]" box="[151,489,1012,1037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF57FC63FE49FBFE" bold="true" box="[151,384,1012,1037]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF85FFFEFE47FC63FE2CFBFE" box="[391,485,1012,1037]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28054" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="EnaNcbi">A28054</accessionNumber>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF85FFFEFF07FB8BFAB5FBAB" blockId="34.[151,1437,1012,1333]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF07FB8BFEB9FBC6" bold="true" box="[199,368,1052,1077]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Identification.</emphasis>
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Cleaned test white with dark pore zones, apical disc black, interambulacra median zone purplish, tubercles head violet. Color in life black to dark purple, fairly short spines, longest around the equator.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF85FFFEFF07FBFFFD7EFB3A" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF85FFFEFF07FBFFFC88FB73" blockId="34.[151,1437,1012,1333]" box="[199,833,1128,1153]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF07FBFFFE1BFB72" bold="true" box="[199,466,1128,1153]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
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Maximum test diameter
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF85FFFEFF07FB1BFD7EFB3A" blockId="34.[151,1437,1012,1333]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CBBFF85FFFEFF07FB1BFD7EFB3A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586033298" country="Chile" county="Global" elevation="10" location="South America in Peru" municipality="West Coast of South America" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="West">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF07FB1BFE73FB56" bold="true" box="[199,442,1164,1189]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<collectingCounty id="62894E6AFF85FFFEFF07FB1BFED1FB56" box="[199,280,1164,1189]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Global</collectingCounty>
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distribution.
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</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF85FFFEFE06FB1AFE34FB57" box="[454,509,1165,1188]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">West</collectingRegion>
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<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF85FFFEFDCBFB1AFD82FB56" box="[523,587,1165,1189]" country="Tanzania" name="Pwani" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Coast</collectingRegion>
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of
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<location id="8E88603DFF85FFFEFDBCFB1BFCE2FB56" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF86FFFEFF57F96EFC35FAC6:8E88603DFF85FFFEFDBCFB1BFCE2FB56" box="[636,811,1164,1189]" country="Chile" county="Global" municipality="West Coast of South America" name="South America in Peru" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="West">South America</location>
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</collectingMunicipality>
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in Peru and
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<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF85FFFEFC11FB1BFBD9FB56" box="[977,1040,1164,1189]" name="Chile" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, littoral to
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<elevation id="007AD1D5FF85FFFEFB5DFB1AFB15FB57" box="[1181,1244,1165,1189]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" unit="m" value="10.0">
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</elevation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF85FFFEFB31FB1BFA59FB56" author="Schultz" box="[1265,1424,1164,1189]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Introduced to
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<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF85FFFEFEF4FB26FE32FB3A" box="[308,507,1200,1225]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF85FFFEFEF4FB26FEA2FB3B" box="[308,363,1201,1224]" country="Tanzania" name="Mjini Magharibi" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">West</collectingRegion>
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coast region
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</collectingRegion>
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of
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<location id="8E88603DFF85FFFEFDDFFB27FD7EFB3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF86FFFEFF57F96EFC35FAC6:8E88603DFF85FFFEFDDFFB27FD7EFB3A" box="[543,695,1200,1225]" country="Chile" county="Global" municipality="West Coast of South America" name="South Africa." pageId="34" pageNumber="35" stateProvince="West">South Africa.</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF85FFFEFF07FB43FC35FAC6" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF85FFFEFF07FB43FC35FAC6" blockId="34.[151,1437,1012,1333]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF07FB43FEF2FB1E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1236,1261]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Accidentally introduced with oyster spat, first recorded in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF85FFFEFC0CFB43FB95FB1E" box="[972,1116,1236,1261]" name="South Africa" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF85FFFEFC0CFB43FBC4FB1E" box="[972,1037,1236,1261]" country="Tanzania" name="Kusini Unguja" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">South</collectingRegion>
|
||
Africa
|
||
</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 2007 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF85FFFEFB05FB43FA5EFB1E" author="Branch" box="[1221,1431,1236,1261]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFADEFB42FA86FB1E" box="[1310,1359,1236,1261]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF85FFFEFF57FB6EFEACFAE3" author="Haupt" box="[151,357,1272,1297]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Haupt, T., Griffiths, C., Robinson, T. & Tonin, A. (2010) Oysters as vectors of marine aliens, with notes on four introduced species associated with oyster farming in South Africa. African Zoology, 45 (1), 52 - 62." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Haupt
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFF25FB6EFED3FAE2" box="[229,282,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Reported only from a single on-land oyster farm, which is no longer operational, so local population may no longer exist (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF85FFFEFDC2FA8BFCEEFAC6" author="Filander" box="[514,807,1308,1333]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Mabi
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF85FFFEFCB4FA8AFC6DFAC6" box="[884,932,1308,1333]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |