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<document id="1984D520E874B1F7F3860B0E784A18F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="30626" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="43de8956-0706-4f8d-b5a9-f51c30c276d8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1187697" ID-ZooBank="B53A6B20-5386-4E5A-A00F-A559EDF640DF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1520059483769" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Fernández, Mercedes, Fernicola, Juan Carlos, Cerdeño, Esperanza &amp; Reguero, Marcelo A." docDate="2018" docId="03EC879BCF42830BC1922B568F42F8F2" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4387.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4387 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Patriarchus furculosus Ameghino 1891" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="490" masterDocId="FFD5FFE3CF53831AC10528498E40FFD5" masterDocTitle="Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino" masterLastPageNumber="498" masterPageNumber="473" pageNumber="490" updateTime="1698526258101" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="44EC64C6CEAF9F9C06A805D1DE5DAE60">Identification of type materials of the species of Protypotherium Ameghino, 1885 and Patriarchus Ameghino, 1889 (Notoungulata: Interatheriidae) erected by Florentino Ameghino</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF4C27D868FF411C1DD3755C6BB6B191">Fernández, Mercedes</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="383E57FAF03CCCA743A1DD917DF030FE">Fernicola, Juan Carlos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5444CDE35556F76821EB182A68AC84F0">Cerdeño, Esperanza</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5D89D32568D6B5CF7143121D6225DF5F">Reguero, Marcelo A.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EC879BCF42830BC1922B568F42F8F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5986703" ID-GBIF-Taxon="141264041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5986703" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EC879BCF42830BC1922B568F42F8F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC879BCF42830BC1922B568F42F8F2" lastPageNumber="490" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
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<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF42830BC1922B568C3FFCEF" blockId="17.[151,639,799,826]" box="[151,639,799,826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<heading id="D0B281E1CF42830BC1922B568C3FFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,639,799,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF42830BC1922B568C3FFCEF" authority="Ameghino, 1891" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[151,639,799,826]" class="Mammalia" family="Interatheriidae" genus="Patriarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoungulata" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furculosus">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC1922B568C3FFCEF" bold="true" box="[151,639,799,826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC1922B568FEFFCEC" bold="true" box="[151,431,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Patriarchus furculosus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF42830BC0B02B698C3FFCEF" box="[437,639,800,826]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" refId="ref17076" refString="Ameghino, F. (1891) Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural, 1 (5), 289 - 328." type="journal article">Ameghino, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF42830BC1922B2F8CC2FC3E" blockId="17.[151,1437,870,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC1922B2F8F49FCAA" bold="true" box="[151,265,870,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF42830BC1922B2F8F45FCAA" box="[151,261,870,895]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
MACN-A 3970 (
<figureCitation id="137E2A08CF42830BC0CA2B2F8C6FFCAA" box="[463,559,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[252,1324,201,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[244,1328,193,1651]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Patriarchus palmidens, holotype MACN-A 9651a, mandibular symphysis with right i1p1 and left i12 and the alveolus of i3, in labial (A), occlusal (B) and antero-labial (C) views; reproductions of figures 2 (D), 2a (E) and 2b (F) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15). Patriarchus furculosus, syntype MACN-A 3970, left maxillary fragment with P2M3, in occlusal view (G); syntype MACN-A 3972, right mandibular fragment with p2m3, in occlusal view (H); syntype MACN-A 3977, incomplete skull, dorsal view (I). Patriarchus distortus, holotype MACN-A 9634 to MACN-A 9638: MACN-A 9634, skull, ventral (J)and dorsal (K) views; MACN-A 9636, proximal epiphysis of right femur, in anterior view (L); MACN-A 9637 and MACN-A9638, proximal epiphyses of right tibia and fibula,articulated with the distal epiphysis of right femur, in lateral view (M). Patriarchus rectus, holotype MACN-A 4005, right maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with alveolus of C and series P1M3, in occlusal view (N); holotype MACN-A 4006, left maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with M13, in occlusal view (O); holotype MACN-A 4007, mandibular fragment with incomplete symphysis, broken alveoli of left and right i1-2 and complete left i3m3 series, in occlusal view (P). Patriarchus diastematus, holotypeMACN-A 4044, two maxillae with alveoli of CP1 andright P2M3 andleft P2M2, in occlusal view (Q). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187703/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Fig. 3 G</figureCitation>
), left fragmented maxilla with P2M3, MACN-A 3971, fragments of the right maxilla, MACN-A 3972 (
<figureCitation id="137E2A08CF42830BC0BB2BC38C61FC76" box="[446,545,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[252,1324,201,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[244,1328,193,1651]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Patriarchus palmidens, holotype MACN-A 9651a, mandibular symphysis with right i1p1 and left i12 and the alveolus of i3, in labial (A), occlusal (B) and antero-labial (C) views; reproductions of figures 2 (D), 2a (E) and 2b (F) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15). Patriarchus furculosus, syntype MACN-A 3970, left maxillary fragment with P2M3, in occlusal view (G); syntype MACN-A 3972, right mandibular fragment with p2m3, in occlusal view (H); syntype MACN-A 3977, incomplete skull, dorsal view (I). Patriarchus distortus, holotype MACN-A 9634 to MACN-A 9638: MACN-A 9634, skull, ventral (J)and dorsal (K) views; MACN-A 9636, proximal epiphysis of right femur, in anterior view (L); MACN-A 9637 and MACN-A9638, proximal epiphyses of right tibia and fibula,articulated with the distal epiphysis of right femur, in lateral view (M). Patriarchus rectus, holotype MACN-A 4005, right maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with alveolus of C and series P1M3, in occlusal view (N); holotype MACN-A 4006, left maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with M13, in occlusal view (O); holotype MACN-A 4007, mandibular fragment with incomplete symphysis, broken alveoli of left and right i1-2 and complete left i3m3 series, in occlusal view (P). Patriarchus diastematus, holotypeMACN-A 4044, two maxillae with alveoli of CP1 andright P2M3 andleft P2M2, in occlusal view (Q). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187703/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Fig. 3 H</figureCitation>
), right mandibular fragment with p2m3, MACN-A 3973, distal region of the humerus, MACN-A 3974, calcaneus, and MACN-A 397576, broken vertebrae, all from the same individual; and MACN-A 3977 (
<figureCitation id="137E2A08CF42830BC0522B9B8FEBFC3E" box="[343,427,978,1003]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="15.[151,249,1668,1690]" captionTargetBox="[252,1324,201,1641]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[244,1328,193,1651]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 3. Patriarchus palmidens, holotype MACN-A 9651a, mandibular symphysis with right i1p1 and left i12 and the alveolus of i3, in labial (A), occlusal (B) and antero-labial (C) views; reproductions of figures 2 (D), 2a (E) and 2b (F) from Ameghino (1889, plate 15). Patriarchus furculosus, syntype MACN-A 3970, left maxillary fragment with P2M3, in occlusal view (G); syntype MACN-A 3972, right mandibular fragment with p2m3, in occlusal view (H); syntype MACN-A 3977, incomplete skull, dorsal view (I). Patriarchus distortus, holotype MACN-A 9634 to MACN-A 9638: MACN-A 9634, skull, ventral (J)and dorsal (K) views; MACN-A 9636, proximal epiphysis of right femur, in anterior view (L); MACN-A 9637 and MACN-A9638, proximal epiphyses of right tibia and fibula,articulated with the distal epiphysis of right femur, in lateral view (M). Patriarchus rectus, holotype MACN-A 4005, right maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with alveolus of C and series P1M3, in occlusal view (N); holotype MACN-A 4006, left maxillary fragment (vertically rotated) with M13, in occlusal view (O); holotype MACN-A 4007, mandibular fragment with incomplete symphysis, broken alveoli of left and right i1-2 and complete left i3m3 series, in occlusal view (P). Patriarchus diastematus, holotypeMACN-A 4044, two maxillae with alveoli of CP1 andright P2M3 andleft P2M2, in occlusal view (Q). Scale bar = 10 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1187703/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
Fig.
<date id="FFFB104DCF42830BC08E2B9A8FEBFC3E" box="[395,427,979,1003]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">3 I</date>
</figureCitation>
), incomplete skull.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6506CF42830BC1C22BBF8D7FFAFA" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF42830BC1C22BBF8D8BFB4A" blockId="17.[151,1437,870,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC1C22BBF8F7AFBDA" bold="true" box="[199,314,1014,1039]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Diagnosis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF42830BC04D2BBF8C34FBDA" box="[328,628,1014,1039]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" refId="ref17076" refString="Ameghino, F. (1891) Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural, 1 (5), 289 - 328." type="journal article">Ameghino 1891: 292293</bibRefCitation>
). “
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC3972BBE8DF8FB4A" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Es la especie de mayor tamaño. El p2 es mucho más prolongado en el lado interno; los frontales se prolongan adelante entre los nasales por un trecho considerable en forma de cuña sobre la línea media. Las ondulaciones externas de los verdaderos molares inferiores son apenas acentuadas. Longitud del espacio ocupado por la dentadura inferior, 57 milímetros. Diámetro interorbitario de los frontales, 33 milímetros. Longitud de los nasales sobre la línea media, 28 milímetros</emphasis>
”.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF42830BC1C22CE38D7FFAFA" blockId="17.[151,1437,870,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">English translation. It is the largest species. The p2 is much longer on the internal side. Frontals extend forward between the nasals in a long, wedge-shaped median projection. The external undulations of the lower molars are barely pronounced. Length occupied by the lower teeth, 57 millimetres. Interorbital diameter of the frontals, 33 millimetres. Length of the nasals on midline, 28 millimetres.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35F6506CF42830BC1C22D738F42F8F2" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF42830BC1C22D738C2FF90B" blockId="17.[151,1437,870,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC1C22D738F0FFA86" bold="true" box="[199,335,1338,1363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Comments.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF42830BC0522D738C5FFA86" box="[343,543,1338,1363]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" refId="ref17076" refString="Ameghino, F. (1891) Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural, 1 (5), 289 - 328." type="journal article">Ameghino (1891)</bibRefCitation>
founded this taxon without illustrating it. According to Ameghinos catalogue, MACN-A 3970 to MACN-A 3976 are the type specimens of the species and belong to the same individual. Despite this,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF42830BC1CA2DCA8F2EFA4E" box="[207,366,1410,1435]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" refId="ref18248" refString="Mones A. (1986) Palaeovertebrata Sudamericana. Catalogo Sistematico de los Vertebrados Fosiles de America del Sur, Parte I. Preliminary List and Bibliography. Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 82, 1 - 625." type="journal article">Mones (1986)</bibRefCitation>
indicated “MACN?”, which means doubt or lack of information about the type that could be housed at the MACN. The fragmented specimens MACN-A 3970 and MACN-A 3972 match the original description (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD44B7CCF42830BC0272D838F9DFA36" box="[290,477,1482,1507]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" refId="ref17076" refString="Ameghino, F. (1891) Nuevos restos de mamiferos fosiles descubiertos por Carlos Ameghino en el Eoceno inferior de la Patagonia austral. Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones. Revista Argentina de Historia Natural, 1 (5), 289 - 328." type="journal article">Ameghino 1891</bibRefCitation>
), because they exhibit a larger size (length of P2M3 =
<quantity id="4CBD9B68CF42830BC5522D838AFEFA37" box="[1111,1214,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.65" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="36.5">36.5 mm</quantity>
; length of p2m3 =
<quantity id="4CBD9B68CF42830BC1922DA78F50F9D2" box="[151,272,1518,1543]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1049999999999995" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="41.05">41.05 mm</quantity>
) than the remaining specimens, p2 is lingually longer, and m13 are slightly labially undulated. However, they are not complete enough to show the described features of the cranial roof, and the breakage on this area does not seem to be recent. On the other hand, MACN-A 3977 is an incomplete skull of another individual, whose fronto-nasal suture shows the described wedge-shaped median projection, and the only measurement available to be taken (length of the nasal on midline =
<quantity id="4CBD9B68CF42830BC2152E368D24F942" box="[784,868,1663,1687]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
) also matches the original description. Therefore, MACN-A 3970 to MACN-A 3976 and MACN-A 3977, which correspond to two different individuals, are considered the syntypes of
<taxonomicName id="4C454D0ECF42830BC0CD2E8E8C29F90A" authorityName="Ameghino" authorityYear="1891" box="[456,617,1734,1759]" class="Mammalia" family="Interatheriidae" genus="Patriarchus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Notoungulata" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="furculosus">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC0CD2E8E8C29F90A" box="[456,617,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Pa. furculosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFA368DCF42830BC1C22EA38F42F8F2" blockId="17.[151,1437,870,1831]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
<materialsCitation id="3B2D3CD0CF42830BC1C22EA38F42F8F2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1828873144" collectionCode="SALMA" location="Santa Cruz Province" pageId="17" pageNumber="490" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santa Cruz Province" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B931EA9FCF42830BC1C22EA38DBEF8D6" bold="true" box="[199,1022,1770,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
Chronological and geographical distribution of the
<typeStatus id="54FE882FCF42830BC24C2EA38D3DF8D6" box="[841,893,1770,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">type</typeStatus>
specimen.
</emphasis>
Santacrucian
<collectionCode id="ED54AE48CF42830BC5A32EA28B4BF8D6" box="[1190,1291,1771,1795]" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">SALMA</collectionCode>
,
<collectingRegion id="4981F86FCF42830BC41E2EA28EBFF8F2" country="Argentina" name="Santa Cruz" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">
Santa
<collectingRegion id="4981F86FCF42830BC4632EA28EBFF8F2" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="490">Cruz Province</collectingRegion>
</collectingRegion>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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