549 lines
69 KiB
XML
549 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document id="392184ADB8B6907C85B6A805F9B0BE26" ID-CLB-Dataset="187951" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5206.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3d3273a-0f58-4e50-b685-6468869b61fa" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7318829" ID-ZooBank="CE749F6C-5832-4152-AB4B-6D89ACCDD560" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1668423279735" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Johnson, Robert A., Borowiec, Marek L., Snelling, Roy R. & Cole, Arthur C." docDate="2022" docId="039387FDFFFFFFD47FC5FF1B58CAF839" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5206.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5206 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5206.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Veromessor chamberlini" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFAAFF85FFE5FFCF7F52FF8C5C7EFFAC" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision and a review of the biology of the North American seed-harvester ant genus Veromessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)" masterLastPageNumber="115" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1699411435789" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="37BE451DEC58792FED10C137B14F8F58">
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<mods:title id="37965C9AA41E421F97AD14DACB05BA12">A taxonomic revision and a review of the biology of the North American seed-harvester ant genus Veromessor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="C6D44D528591B3FC2F903A94B070C9CD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="14E1F0D2422C09A31F86050A1EE30DE4">Johnson, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="921EA247FC55F7979696D0FAADEE5FD5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B4C0CA4B3E6985B64F1F7B9E1BF89A4A">Borowiec, Marek L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="524E39CC282C3A0544AB755368A55361" type="email">marek.borowiec@colostate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="316E8FDD644E0663C9980189D66893DE">Snelling, Roy R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2970645D89B92BF9F1867EE61493FC22">Cole, Arthur C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1ABECD50E786F5A4042FBA2420C94F65">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="456F34AD6743547F70F5397874B14D79">
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<mods:date id="EA261B10B806834163335C8819FBB8D4">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="478A7CD521E339BC6710FB252DE4DD4B">2022-11-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D7EFCDC4935C4DB6DDBD8AC48C08DDE3">5206</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AE4ECF25202BEFA0D59AA094D8DD01EA" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5206.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039387FDFFFFFFD47FC5FF1B58CAF839" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7327869" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205077693" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7327869" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387FDFFFFFFD47FC5FF1B58CAF839" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387FDFFFFFFD47FC5FF1B58CAF839" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFFFFD57FC5FF1B5DC0FF1E" box="[151,446,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FF1B5DC0FF1E" blockId="26.[151,527,151,249]" box="[151,446,151,178]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0CD8187FFFFFFD57FC5FF1B5DC0FF1E" bold="true" box="[151,446,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FF1B5DC0FF1E" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[151,446,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
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<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FF1B5DC0FF1E" bold="true" box="[151,446,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor chamberlini</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFFFFD57FC5FF375DC4FF55" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FF375E71FF79" blockId="26.[151,527,151,249]" box="[151,527,187,213]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57FCDFF375D60FF79" box="[159,286,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[378,1208,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[378,1208,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the metasternal process on males of Veromessor: (A) V. andrei (CASENT4010823), (B) V. chamberlini (UCRC_ENT00500152), (C)V.chicoensis (CASENT0869853), (D) V.julianus (LACMENT359792),(E)V.lariversi (CASENT0761204), (F) V. lobognathus (LACMENT363986), (G) V. pergandei (CASENT0869850), (H) V. pseudolariversi (CASENT0869851), (I) V. smithi (LACMENT364071), and (J) V. stoddardi (LACMENT364102). Photographs by Robert Johnson from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318831/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 1B</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57E78FF375D33FF79" box="[298,333,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1436,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the four categories of increasing psammophore development for species of Veromessor based on number and distribution of long J-shaped hairs on the ventral surface of the head capsule (= hypostomal region) (see text). Photograph of: (A) V. chicoensis (CASENT0923125)—J-shaped hairs mostly absent with scattered straight or evenly curved hairs, (B) V. andrei (CASENT0923140)—J-shaped hairs present but not arranged in a distinct row, usually mixed with straight or evenly curved hairs, (C) V. chamberlini (CASENT0761101) and (D) V. smithi (CASENT0923131)—J-shaped hairs present, arranged in a V-shaped row which does not reach the posterior part of the lateroventral margin of head capsule, usually mixed with straight or evenly curved hairs, and (E) V. pergandei (CASENT0923124)—J-shaped hairs present, many long J-shaped hairs arranged in a distinct row around the outer margin of the ventral region of the head capsule. Photographs by Wade Lee from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318842/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">6C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57E0BFF375D08FF79" box="[345,374,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[419,1168,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@28.[419,1168,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photograph of Veromessor chamberlini worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0922840). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318852/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57ED0FF375DCBFF79" box="[386,437,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[209,1379,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Photographs of dorsal surface of scape: (A) Veromessor chamberlini (LACMENT359743)—anterior edge of scape curving inward distad of base (red arrow), posterior edge of scape flat to weakly convex at base (black arrow), narrowing distad of base; widened area at base of scape much longer than width at base, and (B) V. lobognathus (LACMENT363932)—anterior edge of scape flat at base (red arrow), posterior edge of scape narrowing from base (black arrow); widened area at base of scape shorter than width at base. Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318854/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57E92FF375E79FF79" box="[448,519,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 13" captionStart-1="FIGURE 14" captionStartId-0="30.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,250,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox-0="[408,1179,181,1920]" captionTargetBox-1="[194,1394,181,1938]" captionTargetId-0="figure-26@30.[408,1179,181,1920]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@31.[194,1394,181,1938]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionText-0="FIGURE 13. Photograph of Veromessor chamberlini alate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (UCRCENT00500153). Photographs by Wade Lee from www.AntWeb.org." captionText-1="FIGURE 14. Photograph of Veromessor chamberlini male: (A) lateral view of body, and (B) dorsal view of body (UCRCENT00500152). The head is missing. Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318856" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318858" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7318856/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7318858/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">13–14</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FF535DC4FF55" blockId="26.[151,527,151,249]" box="[151,442,223,249]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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Distribution—
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<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57E69FF535DC4FF55" box="[315,442,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[417,1169,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[417,1170,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Geographic distribution of: (A) Veromessor andrei, (B) V. chamberlini, and (C) V. chicoensis. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality. The northernmost locale for V. chamberlini was given only as Santa Clara County, and we have placed this locale near the center of the county." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318850/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFFFFD57FC5FEA85956FD21" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FEA85E1FFE1A" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A11C5FFFFFFD57FC5FEA859E3FE90" box="[151,1437,291,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10FAFFFFFFD57FC5FEA85E44FE90" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[151,570,291,316]" page="410" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1915">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FEA85E44FE90" ID-CoL="427ZH" authority="Wheeler, 1915: 410" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityPageNumber="410" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,570,291,316]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Messor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
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<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FEA85D1BFE90" box="[151,357,292,316]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Messor chamberlini</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57E3CFEA85E44FE90" author="Wheeler, W. M." box="[366,570,291,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="389 - 421" refId="ref73778" refString="Wheeler, W. M. (1915) Some additions to the North American ant-fauna. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 34, 389 - 421." type="journal article" year="1915">Wheeler, 1915: 410</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(worker).
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B523CB6FFFFFFD57DF9FEA859E3FE90" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3965991335" box="[683,1437,291,316]" collectionCode="LACM, MCZC" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" specimenCount="12" specimenCount-worker="12" typeStatus="syntype">
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<typeStatus id="54818849FFFFFFD57DF9FEA85F76FE90" box="[683,776,292,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="syntype">Syntypes</typeStatus>
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examined:
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<specimenCount id="9D3CFD62FFFFFFD57CD1FEA85F95FE90" box="[899,1003,292,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
|
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[
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE2EFFFFFFD57CA8FEA85835FE90" box="[1018,1099,292,316]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34802" name="Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="Museum">LACM</collectionCode>
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],
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||
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD62FFFFFFD57B0FFEAF58BBFE90" box="[1117,1221,291,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="worker">6 workers</specimenCount>
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[
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE2EFFFFFFD57B81FEA8595CFE90" box="[1235,1314,292,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">MCZC</collectionCode>
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],
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||
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD62FFFFFFD57A67FEA859E3FE90" box="[1333,1437,292,316]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="worker">3 workers</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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[USNM],
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<collectingCountry id="F32D767BFFFFFFD57E7FFECF5D92FEF6" box="[301,492,322,346]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFFFFD57EA6FECE5E23FEF6" box="[500,605,322,346]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">California</collectingRegion>
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, Santa Barbara County, Santa Cruz Island, no date (Dr. R.V. Chamberlin);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57A14FECE5DB6FED5" author="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J." pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="233 - 246" refId="ref73549" refString="Wheeler, G. C. & Wheeler, J. (1972) Ant larvae of the subfamily Myrmicinae: second supplement on the tribes Myrmicini and Pheidolini. Journal of the Georgia Entomological Society, 7, 233 - 246." type="journal article" year="1972">Wheeler and Wheeler, 1972: 240</bibRefCitation>
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(larvae);
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57D67FEED5F6FFED5" author="Enzmann, J." box="[565,785,353,377]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="147 - 152" refId="ref67881" refString="Enzmann, J. (1947) New forms of Aphaenogaster and Novomessor. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 55 (2), 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1947">Enzmann, 1947: 152</bibRefCitation>
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(as subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57C8FFEEE58E1FED5" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[989,1183,353,377]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
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<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57C8FFEEE58E1FED5" box="[989,1183,353,377]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor andrei</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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);
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57BE8FEED59E2FED5" author="Creighton, W. S." box="[1210,1436,353,377]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref67372" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton, 1950: 159</bibRefCitation>
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(revived status as full species). See also
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57D0CFE0C5FC1FE3B" author="Wheeler, W. M. & Creighton, W. S." box="[606,959,383,408]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="341 - 387" refId="ref73843" refString="Wheeler, W. M. & Creighton, W. S. (1934) A study of the ant genera Novomessor and Veromessor. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 69 (9), 341 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023057" type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler and Creighton, 1934: 366</bibRefCitation>
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, plate II, fig. 5. USNM worker here designated
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57F95FE125D1DFE1A" bold="true" box="[199,355,414,438]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818849FFFFFFD57F95FE125D1DFE1A" box="[199,355,414,438]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
[USNMENT00529080].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FE325947FE79" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" box="[151,1337,445,469]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FE325EECFE79" authority="(Wheeler)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" box="[151,658,445,469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini" subGenus="Veromessor">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FE325D6AFE79" box="[151,276,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Novomessor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57E71FE325DE6FE79" box="[291,408,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57EF5FE315E5FFE79" box="[423,545,445,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
(Wheeler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57DCEFE315F3AFE79" author="Emery, C." box="[668,836,445,469]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 94" refId="ref67853" refString="Emery, C. (1921) Hymenoptera, Family Formicidae, Subfamily Myrmicinae [part]. Genera Insectorum, 174 A, 1 - 94." type="journal article" year="1921">Emery, 1921: 67</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(first combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57B73FE3258E0FE79" baseAuthorityName="Donisthorpe" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[1057,1182,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57B73FE3258E0FE79" box="[1057,1182,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Novomessor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57BFFFE32595CFE79" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1197,1314,446,469]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57BFFFE32595CFE79" box="[1197,1314,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FE5058B9FE58" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" box="[151,1223,475,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FE505D83FE58" authority="(Wheeler)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" box="[151,509,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FE505DF3FE58" box="[151,397,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
(Wheeler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57D55FE505F18FE5F" author="Wheeler, W. M. & Creighton, W. S." box="[519,870,475,500]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="341 - 387" refId="ref73843" refString="Wheeler, W. M. & Creighton, W. S. (1934) A study of the ant genera Novomessor and Veromessor. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 69 (9), 341 - 387. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 20023057" type="journal article" year="1934">Wheeler and Creighton, 1934: 366</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(first combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57B11FE5058C6FE5F" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1091,1208,476,499]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57B11FE5058C6FE5F" box="[1091,1208,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FE775F5DFD9D" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FE775F50FDBE" authority="(Wheeler)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" box="[151,814,506,530]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="andrei" subGenus="Veromessor" subSpecies="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FE775D6AFDBE" box="[151,276,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Novomessor</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57E74FE775DE5FDBE" box="[294,411,507,530]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57EFFFE765D90FDBE" box="[429,494,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57D12FE765EC4FDBE" box="[576,698,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
(Wheeler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57C69FE77586DFDBE" author="Enzmann, J." box="[827,1043,506,530]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="147 - 152" refId="ref67881" refString="Enzmann, J. (1947) New forms of Aphaenogaster and Novomessor. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 55 (2), 147 - 152." type="journal article" year="1947">Enzmann, 1947: 152</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(revived combination as subgenus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57F95FD965D3AFD9D" baseAuthorityName="Donisthorpe" baseAuthorityYear="1943" box="[199,324,538,561]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57F95FD965D3AFD9D" box="[199,324,538,561]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Novomessor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and first combination as subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57D81FD955F6AFD9D" baseAuthorityName="Mayr" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[723,788,537,561]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57D81FD955F6AFD9D" box="[723,788,537,561]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FDB459E9FDE3" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" box="[151,1431,567,592]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A11C5FFFFFFD57FC5FDB459E9FDE3" box="[151,1431,567,592]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FDB45D83FDFC" authority="(Wheeler)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" box="[151,509,568,592]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FDB45DF3FDFC" box="[151,397,568,592]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
(Wheeler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10FAFFFFFFD57D5AFDB45E9EFDE3" author="Creighton, W. S." box="[520,736,567,592]" page="157" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1950">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57D5AFDB45E9EFDE3" author="Creighton, W. S." box="[520,736,567,592]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="1 - 585" refId="ref67372" refString="Creighton, W. S. (1950) The ants of North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 104, 1 - 585." type="journal article" year="1950">Creighton, 1950: 157</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(revived combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57CB2FDB4582BFDE3" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[992,1109,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57CB2FDB4582BFDE3" box="[992,1109,568,591]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; re-elevated to specific status).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FDDB5FA2FDC2" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" box="[151,988,598,622]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A11C5FFFFFFD57FC5FDDB5FA2FDC2" box="[151,988,598,622]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FDDB5DBFFDC2" ID-CoL="427ZH" authority="Wheeler" authorityName="Wheeler" authorityYear="1915" box="[151,449,598,622]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Messor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FDDB5D1CFDC2" box="[151,354,598,622]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Messor chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
Wheeler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10FAFFFFFFD57E9EFDDA5EFDFDC2" author="Bolton, B." box="[460,643,598,622]" page="341" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="1982">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57E9EFDDA5EFDFDC2" author="Bolton, B." box="[460,643,598,622]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="307 - 370" refId="ref66249" refString="Bolton, B. (1982) Afrotropical species of the myrmicine ant genera Cardiocondyla, Leptothorax, Melissotarsus, Messor, and Cataulcus (Formicidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, 45 (4), 307 - 370." type="journal article" year="1982">Bolton, 1982: 341</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(revived combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57CD1FDDB5FB0FDC2" ID-CoL="5Q45" authorityName="Forel" authorityYear="1890" box="[899,974,599,622]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Messor" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57CD1FDDB5FB0FDC2" box="[899,974,599,622]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Messor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FDFA5956FD21" blockId="26.[151,1437,291,653]" box="[151,1320,629,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A11C5FFFFFFD57FC5FDFA5956FD21" box="[151,1320,629,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57FC5FDFA5D83FD21" authority="(Wheeler)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" box="[151,509,629,653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FDFA5DF3FD21" box="[151,397,629,653]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
(Wheeler)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0A9B10FAFFFFFFD57D55FDF95FDAFD21" author="Ward, P. S. & Brady, S. G. & Fisher, B. L. & Schultz, T. R." box="[519,932,629,653]" page="13" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFFFFD57D55FDF95FDAFD21" author="Ward, P. S. & Brady, S. G. & Fisher, B. L. & Schultz, T. R." box="[519,932,629,653]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" pagination="61 - 81" refId="ref73206" refString="Ward, P. S., Brady, S. G., Fisher, B. L. & Schultz, T. R. (2015) The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 40 (1), 61 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12090" type="journal article" year="2015">Ward, Brady, Fisher & Schultz, 2015: 13</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(revived combination in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFFFFD57BF7FDFA5964FD21" baseAuthorityName="Brown" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[1189,1306,630,653]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57BF7FDFA5964FD21" box="[1189,1306,630,653]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Veromessor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFFFFD47FC5FD375DB0FB99" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57FC5FD375ED3FA95" blockId="26.[151,1437,699,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57FC5FD375D0FFD79" bold="true" box="[151,369,699,725]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Worker diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is uniquely characterized by the following combination of features: (1) yellowishred to dark orangish-red, (2) medial lobe of clypeus with two strong submedial rugae, sometimes with one to two weaker sublateral rugae, medial lobe not thick and protuberant in profile, not elevated above lateral lobes in frontal view, (3) mandibles with 8 teeth, (4) dorsal base of scape flattened and widened; maximum basal width of scape distinctly greater than maximal preapical width; in frontal view, base of scape asymmetrical with ventral portion of anterior edge greatly expanded compared to dorsal edge, (5) MOD less (usually much less) than OMD, OI <22.0, (6) cephalic dorsum with prominent wavy to weakly irregular rugae, medial rugae diverging toward posterior corners; rugae along posterior margin strongly irregular to weakly rugoreticulate; cephalic interrugae weakly to moderately coriarious, moderately shining, (7) psammophore moderately well developed; ventral surface of head capsule with J-shaped hairs arranged in a V-shaped row which does not reach the posterior part of lateroventral margin of head capsule, usually mixed with straight or evenly curved hairs, (8) dorsum of pronotum with weakly to strongly irregular rugae; sides of pronotum with widely spaced, regular to wavy, longitudinal rugae; mesonotum with irregular longitudinal rugae; mesopleura with regular to wavy rugae that traverse longitudinally to posterodorsally; interrugae on mesosoma weakly coriarious, shining, (9) propodeal spines slender, acuminate, weakly curved posterad in profile and weakly curved inward in dorsal view; length> 3.0× the distance between their bases and length> 1.0× MOD; infraspinal facet and propodeal declivity weakly coriarious to weakly rugose, strongly shining, and (10) metasternal process moderately large, longer than high, apex broadly rounded, margin irregular and translucent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57EE5FA935E49FA95" box="[439,567,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1642,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-18@21.[151,1436,181,1618]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 6. Photographs of the four categories of increasing psammophore development for species of Veromessor based on number and distribution of long J-shaped hairs on the ventral surface of the head capsule (= hypostomal region) (see text). Photograph of: (A) V. chicoensis (CASENT0923125)—J-shaped hairs mostly absent with scattered straight or evenly curved hairs, (B) V. andrei (CASENT0923140)—J-shaped hairs present but not arranged in a distinct row, usually mixed with straight or evenly curved hairs, (C) V. chamberlini (CASENT0761101) and (D) V. smithi (CASENT0923131)—J-shaped hairs present, arranged in a V-shaped row which does not reach the posterior part of the lateroventral margin of head capsule, usually mixed with straight or evenly curved hairs, and (E) V. pergandei (CASENT0923124)—J-shaped hairs present, many long J-shaped hairs arranged in a distinct row around the outer margin of the ventral region of the head capsule. Photographs by Wade Lee from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318842" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318842/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figures 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57D11FA935E1EFA95" box="[579,608,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1944,1968]" captionTargetBox="[419,1168,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@28.[419,1168,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 11. Photograph of Veromessor chamberlini worker: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (CASENT0922840). Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318852/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">11</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57D3EFA935EDEFA95" box="[620,672,1311,1337]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1849,1873]" captionTargetBox="[209,1376,181,1825]" captionTargetId="figure-18@29.[209,1379,181,1825]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 12. Photographs of dorsal surface of scape: (A) Veromessor chamberlini (LACMENT359743)—anterior edge of scape curving inward distad of base (red arrow), posterior edge of scape flat to weakly convex at base (black arrow), narrowing distad of base; widened area at base of scape much longer than width at base, and (B) V. lobognathus (LACMENT363932)—anterior edge of scape flat at base (red arrow), posterior edge of scape narrowing from base (black arrow); widened area at base of scape shorter than width at base. Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318854/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57F95FACF5F2EFA65" blockId="26.[151,1437,699,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57F95FACF5D08FAF1" bold="true" box="[199,374,1347,1373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818849FFFFFFD57ED7FACF5D92FAF1" box="[389,492,1347,1373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57EAFFAC85E75FAF1" box="[509,523,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 32 +
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD62FFFFFFD57D34FACF5F66FAF1" box="[614,792,1347,1373]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="generic" typeStatus="paralectotype">1 paralectotype</specimenCount>
|
||
). HL 1.32 (1.11–1.45); HW 1.33 (1.06–1.42); MOD 0.24 (0.21–0.27); OMD 0.34 (0.23–0.39); SL 1.06 (0.92–1.15); PNW 0.83 (0.67–0.90); HFL 1.39 (1.14–1.53); ML 1.68 (1.33–1.88); PW 0.28 (0.20–0.29); PPW 0.43 (0.34–0.46). Indices: SI 79.70 (73.23–87.74); CI 100.76 (94.12– 104.17); OI 18.05 (16.30–21.70); HFI 104.51 (93.60–110.16).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57F95FA5F5E8BF8D5" blockId="26.[151,1437,699,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57F95FA5F5DECFA41" bold="true" box="[199,402,1491,1517]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Queen diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This caste is diagnosed by the following combination of features: (1) orangish to orangishbrown, (2) medial lobe of clypeus with two strong submedial rugae, sometimes with one to two weaker sublateral rugae, medial lobe not thick and protuberant in profile, not elevated above lateral lobes in frontal view, (3) mandibles with 8 teeth, (4) dorsal base of scape flattened and widened; maximum basal width of scape distinctly greater than maximal preapical width; in frontal view, base of scape asymmetrical with ventral portion of anterior edge greatly expanded compared to dorsal edge, (5) MOD similar to OMD, (6) cephalic dorsum with prominent wavy to weakly irregular rugae, medial rugae diverging toward posterior corners; rugae along posterior margin weakly irregular to weakly rugoreticulate; interrugae on cephalic dorsum weakly to moderately coriarious, weakly shining, (7) psammophore moderately well developed, (8) mesoscutum shining with fine longitudinal rugae, midline broadly smooth and shining between fine longitudinal rugae, (9) propodeal spines shorter than distance between their bases; infraspinal facet smooth and shining, and (10) metasternal process moderately large, longer than high, apex broadly rounded, margin irregular and translucent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFFFFD57D25F8D35E96F8D5" box="[631,744,1887,1913]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[408,1179,181,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-26@30.[408,1179,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 13. Photograph of Veromessor chamberlini alate queen: (A) frontal view of head, (B) lateral view of body, and (C) dorsal view of body (UCRCENT00500153). Photographs by Wade Lee from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318856" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318856/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figure 13</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFFFFD57F95F80F5E6AF849" blockId="26.[151,1437,699,2022]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57F95F80F5D08F831" bold="true" box="[199,374,1923,1949]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFFFFD57EC9F8085DD7F831" box="[411,425,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4). HL 1.42–1.47; HW 1.44–1.50; MOD 0.33–0.36; OMD 0.35–0.36; SL 1.12–1.25; HFL 1.52–1.61; ML 2.30–2.49; PW 0.37–0.41; PPW 0.58–0.61. Indices: SI 77.24–83.33; CI 99.31–103.52; OI 22.76–24.49; HFI 101.33–111.81.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FF1B5E18FE25" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47F95FF1B5DFCFF1C" bold="true" box="[199,386,150,177]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Male diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
This caste is diagnosed by the following combination of features: (11) blackish brown, (12) *, (13) *, (14) *, (15) anepisternum densely lineopunctate; katepisternum strongly coriarious, anterior one-half of katepisternum with scattered, long, flexuous hairs, posterior one-half lacking long flexuous hairs except for a row of short hairs along posterior border, (16) propodeum with widely spaced longitudinal rugae, interrugae densely punctate, dull; spines absent, (17) metasternal process triangular, acute, with lamella extending on each side, portion posterior to lamella longer than portion anterior to lamella, and (18) subpetiolar process bluntly triangular, apex acute (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFEFFD47FB3FEE35D1EFE25" box="[225,352,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1768,1792]" captionTargetBox="[378,1208,181,1742]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[378,1208,181,1744]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Photographs of the metasternal process on males of Veromessor: (A) V. andrei (CASENT4010823), (B) V. chamberlini (UCRC_ENT00500152), (C)V.chicoensis (CASENT0869853), (D) V.julianus (LACMENT359792),(E)V.lariversi (CASENT0761204), (F) V. lobognathus (LACMENT363986), (G) V. pergandei (CASENT0869850), (H) V. pseudolariversi (CASENT0869851), (I) V. smithi (LACMENT364071), and (J) V. stoddardi (LACMENT364102). Photographs by Robert Johnson from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318831" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318831/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figures 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFEFFD47E3EFEE35DF5FE25" box="[364,395,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1962,1986]" captionTargetBox="[194,1394,181,1938]" captionTargetId="figure-18@31.[194,1394,181,1938]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 14. Photograph of Veromessor chamberlini male: (A) lateral view of body, and (B) dorsal view of body (UCRCENT00500152). The head is missing. Photographs by Michele Esposito from www.AntWeb.org." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318858" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318858/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). * = head missing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FE1F5FE3FE7D" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47F95FE1F5D08FE01" bold="true" box="[199,374,403,429]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47EDCFE1F5DE2FE00" box="[398,412,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). HL *; HW *; MOD *; OMD *; SL * HFL 1.68; ML 2.09; PW 0.27; PPW 0.48;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47A32FE1F59E3FE01" box="[1376,1437,403,429]" country="New Zealand" name="West Coast" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">AOD</collectingRegion>
|
||
*; IOD *; OOD *. Indices: SI *; CI *; OI *; HFI *. * = head missing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FE565DB0FB99" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47F95FE565FD8FE59" bold="true" box="[199,934,474,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Additional material examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D767BFFFEFFD47D68FE575F64FE58" box="[570,794,474,501]" name="United States of America" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">UNITED STATES</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47C77FE565FE3FE59" bold="true" box="[805,925,474,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47C77FE565FE3FE59" box="[805,925,474,501]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47CFFFE575823FE59" box="[941,1117,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Los Angeles Co</emphasis>
|
||
.: Pasadena,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47BBAFE5759FEFE59" box="[1256,1408,475,501]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1922-11-11">Nov 11, 1922</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FC5FE735D4AFDB5" box="[151,308,511,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1946-05-13">May 13, 1946</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47E0BFE735D88FDB5" box="[345,502,511,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1946-06-13">June 13, 1946</date>
|
||
(LACM; UCDC; USNM); San Gabriel River at Irwindale,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47BC6FE735956FDB5" box="[1172,1320,511,537]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1963-02-17">Feb 17, 1963</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47A1FFE735CB1FD91" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1963-05-09">May 9, 1963</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FA2FDAF5D03FD91" box="[240,381,547,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1963-06-19">Jun 19, 1963</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47ECFFDAF5E53FD91" box="[413,557,546,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1965-02-22">Feb 22, 1965</date>
|
||
(CASC; LACM; RAJC; UAIC; UCDC; USNM); Azusa,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47BF5FDAF5952FD91" box="[1191,1324,546,573]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1928-12-05">Dec 5, 1928</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47A1FFDAF5CB1FDCD" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1931-06-14">Jun 14, 1931</date>
|
||
(USNM); Claremont,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47E98FDCB5E1CFDCD" box="[458,610,582,609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1945-11-16">Nov 16, 1945</date>
|
||
(UCDC; USNM);
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47C67FDCB5F16FDCD" box="[821,872,583,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.218688" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mi" value="2.0">2 mi</quantity>
|
||
E San Fernando,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47B7EFDCB58C6FDCD" box="[1068,1208,583,609]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1931-05-07">May 7, 1931</date>
|
||
(USNM); Glendale,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FC5FDE75D79FD29" box="[151,263,619,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1941-07">July 1941</date>
|
||
(UCDC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47ED2FDE75E23FD29" box="[384,605,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">San Bernardino Co</emphasis>
|
||
.: Mentone,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47DB5FDE75FFAFD29" box="[743,900,618,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1965-08-22">Aug 22, 1965</date>
|
||
(LACM); Oak Glen,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47BD2FDE658A7FD29" box="[1152,1241,618,645]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47BB4FDE75903FD29" box="[1254,1405,619,645]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1982-09-23">Sep 23, 1982</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FC5FD035D58FD05" box="[151,294,655,681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1983-05-02">May 2, 1983</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47E1BFD035E58FD05" box="[329,550,655,681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1983-07-26" valueMax="1983-08-02" valueMin="1983-07-26">Jul 26–Aug 2, 1983</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47D18FD035E8EFD05" box="[586,752,654,681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1985-07-01" valueMax="1985-07-14" valueMin="1985-07-01">Jul 1–14, 1985</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47C40FD035FE0FD05" box="[786,926,654,681]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1985-08-01">Aug 1, 1985</date>
|
||
(CASC; LACM; UCRC); Rialto at Riverside & Sierra Avenues, 1870’,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47E96FD3F5E2CFD61" box="[452,594,691,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1992-07-20">Jul 20, 1992</date>
|
||
(RAJC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47D96FD3F5FD3FD61" box="[708,941,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">San Luis Opisbo Co</emphasis>
|
||
.: Arroyo Grande,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47B2DFD3F5955FD61" box="[1151,1323,691,717]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1988-08-02" valueMax="1988-08-03" valueMin="1988-08-02">Aug 2–3, 1988</date>
|
||
(UCDC).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47FC5FD5B5D15FD5D" box="[151,363,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Santa Barbara Co.</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47E28FD5B5E7CFD5D" authority="Maria" authorityName="Maria" box="[378,514,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santa Maria</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as San Maria on one label),
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47C18FD5B5FB2FD5D" box="[842,972,726,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1957-06-08">Jun 8, 1957</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47CBCFD5B5807FD5D" box="[1006,1145,726,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1957-08-06">Aug 6, 1957</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47BC8FD5B594DFD5D" box="[1178,1331,726,753]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1957-08-29">Aug 29, 1957</date>
|
||
(LACM; USNM); Santa Cruz Island at E end of central valley,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47DA3FD775FF3FCB9" box="[753,909,763,789]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2013-05-23">May 23, 2013</date>
|
||
(RAJC); Santa Cruz Island at Field Station,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47AD2FD775CD1FC95" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="70.0">70 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FE9FC935D35FC95" box="[187,331,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1993-06-26">Jun 26, 1993</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47E3DFC935D95FC95" box="[367,491,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2003-07-04">Jul 4, 2003</date>
|
||
&
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47D5FFC935EE6FC95" box="[525,664,799,825]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2003-08-04">Aug 4, 2003</date>
|
||
(NHMW; RAJC; UCDC); Santa Cruz Island at South Ridge,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47A1CFC9359E6FC95" box="[1358,1432,799,825]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="430.0">430 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FC5FCCF5D5BFCF1" box="[151,293,835,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1993-06-27">Jun 27, 1993</date>
|
||
(RAJC);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47EC2FCCF5E72FCF1" authority="Rosa" authorityName="Rosalita, Feb" authorityYear="1800" box="[400,524,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santa Rosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Island at Cherry Canyon,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47C7DFCCE5F17FCF1" box="[815,873,834,861]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="45.0">45 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47C20FCCF587AFCF1" box="[882,1028,835,861]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-12">Apr 12, 2014</date>
|
||
(MLBC; UCDC);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47B84FCCF592CFCF1" authority="Rosa" authorityName="Rosalita, Feb" authorityYear="1800" box="[1238,1362,835,861]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Santa Rosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
Island at Windmill Canyon, 45 &
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47E95FCEA5E7CFC2D" box="[455,514,870,897]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="85.0">85 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47D5EFCEB5EB4FC2D" box="[524,714,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-12" valueMax="2014-04-14" valueMin="2014-04-12">Apr 12–14, 2014</date>
|
||
(UCDC); Santa Cruz Island,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47B41FCEB58D6FC2D" box="[1043,1192,871,897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1936-04-18">Apr 18, 1936</date>
|
||
(USNM); Santa Cruz Island at El Tigre Ridge,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47EEAFC075E37FC09" box="[440,585,907,933]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2000-05-04">May 4, 2000</date>
|
||
(UCDC); Santa Cruz Island at Torrey Pines,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47B1DFC0758F2FC09" box="[1103,1164,907,933]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47BC5FC075951FC09" box="[1175,1327,907,933]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="2014-04-13">Apr 13, 2014</date>
|
||
(MMPC; UCDC); La Purisima Mission in NE Lompoc,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47DF1FC235EA0FC65" box="[675,734,943,969]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47DB8FC235FF9FC65" box="[746,903,942,969]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1985-05-25">May 25, 1985</date>
|
||
(JTLC); La Purisima at
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47BC8FC2258ADFC65" box="[1178,1235,942,969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="5.0">5 km</quantity>
|
||
NE Lompoc,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47A20FC225CD1FC41" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="125.0">125 m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF84102BFFFEFFD47FEEFC5F5D33FC41" box="[188,333,979,1005]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="1994-06-12">Jun 12, 1994</date>
|
||
(record from M. Bennett, pers. comm.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47C49FC5F5FADFC41" authority="Co." authorityName="Co." box="[795,979,979,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47C49FC5F5FB3FC41" box="[795,973,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Santa Clara Co</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: no loc, no date (LACM).
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47A56FC5E5F30FBBC" bold="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47A56FC5E5C98FBBD" class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Questionable" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="locales">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47A56FC5E5C98FBBD" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Questionable locales</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(appear to be or are outside of geographical range):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
UNITED STATES:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47B61FC7B58E9FBBC" box="[1075,1175,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47B61FC7B58E9FBBC" box="[1075,1175,1015,1040]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47BF6FC7B5967FBBD" box="[1188,1305,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Barton Co</emphasis>
|
||
.: no loc, no date (MCZC) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFEFFD47E6FFB975DBFFB99" box="[317,449,1051,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[417,1169,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[417,1170,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Geographic distribution of: (A) Veromessor andrei, (B) V. chamberlini, and (C) V. chicoensis. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality. The northernmost locale for V. chamberlini was given only as Santa Clara County, and we have placed this locale near the center of the county." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318850/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFEFFD47F95FBB35C9DFBD1" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FBB35C9DFBD1" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47F95FBB35D30FBF5" bold="true" box="[199,334,1087,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
This species was named to honor Dr. D.V. Chamberlin, who collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54818849FFFEFFD47BD6FBB358CAFBF5" box="[1156,1204,1087,1113]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series on Santa Cruz Island.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFEFFD47F95FB0A5D55FAD5" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FB0A5D49FA9D" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47F95FB0A5D32FB0C" bold="true" box="[199,332,1158,1184]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47E01FB0B5E1DFB0D" box="[339,611,1159,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47E01FB0B5E1DFB0D" box="[339,611,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Veromessor chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have a relatively small geographic range, such that it might be sympatric only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47E2EFB275DA0FB69" box="[380,478,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47E2EFB275DA0FB69" box="[380,478,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47D41FB275EE6FB69" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[531,664,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stoddardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47D41FB275EE6FB69" box="[531,664,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. stoddardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47C75FB275FB6FB69" box="[807,968,1195,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47C75FB275FB6FB69" box="[807,968,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are separated from both species based on: (1) moderately well developed psammophore, and (2) posterior margin of frontal lobes notably constricted. Both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47ADAFB435CA1FAA1" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47ADAFB435CA1FAA1" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47E47FB7F5DE4FAA1" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1895" box="[277,410,1267,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Stenamma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stoddardi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47E47FB7F5DE4FAA1" box="[277,410,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. stoddardi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have: (1) poorly developed psammophore, and (2) posterior margin of frontal lobes lacking a constriction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FAB75D55FAD5" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
A molecular phylogeny that used UCEs shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47D86FAB75F07FAF9" box="[724,889,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47D86FAB75E9BFAF8" box="[724,741,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47DA0FAB75F07FAF9" box="[754,889,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47CFDFAB75868FAF9" box="[943,1046,1339,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Novomessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andrei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47CFDFAB75FBEFAF8" box="[943,960,1339,1364]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47C9CFAB75868FAF9" box="[974,1046,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">andrei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are sister lineages (M.L Borowiec, unpub. data).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3206560FFFEFFD47F95FA0E58CAF839" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FA0E5D42FA49" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47F95FA0E5D59FA30" bold="true" box="[199,295,1410,1436]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Little is known about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47D9CFA0F5F0FFA31" box="[718,881,1411,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47D9CFA0F5F0FFA31" box="[718,881,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Workers are diurnal and forage in a column (M. Bennett, pers. comm.). Colonies are small with a maximum of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D3CFD62FFFEFFD47C03FA2B5FA2FA6D" box="[849,988,1447,1473]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="worker">627 workers</specimenCount>
|
||
(M. Bennett, pers. comm.). Workers are monomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95FA635928F981" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
Gland chemistry has not been examined in
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47DE5FA635F1DF9A5" box="[695,867,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47DE5FA635F21F9A5" box="[695,863,1519,1545]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">V. chamberlini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Like other small-colony congeners, workers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47ADAFA635D60F981" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47ADAFA635D60F981" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a small pygidial gland reservoir and lack a textured tergal cuticle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFEFFD47B17F99F5935F981" author="Holldobler, B. & Plowes, N. J. R. & Johnson, R. A. & Nishshanka, U. & Liu, C. & Attygalle, A. B." box="[1093,1355,1555,1581]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="863 - 869" refId="ref69008" refString="Holldobler, B., Plowes, N. J. R., Johnson, R. A., Nishshanka, U., Liu, C. & Attygalle, A. B. (2013) Pygidial gland chemistry and potential alarm-recruitment function in column foraging, but not solitary, Nearctic Messor harvesting ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae). Journal of Insect Physiology, 59 (9), 863 - 869. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. jinsphys. 2013.06.006" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Hölldobler
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47B9AF99F597EF981" box="[1224,1280,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95F9BB5F55F9D9" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Mating flights have not been observed, but sexuals have been collected in Malaise traps from July 1 through Aug 2, indicating that mating flights occur during summer.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8536EBFFFEFFD47F95F9F358CAF839" blockId="27.[151,1437,150,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
The geographic range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47E8FF9F35E00F935" box="[477,638,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47E8FF9F35E00F935" box="[477,638,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be restricted to coastal islands and adjacent mainland coastal areas of southern
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47E35F92F5DA7F911" box="[359,473,1699,1725]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
and extending inland along the southern base of the San Gabriel Mountains. Most potential habitat south of the San Gabriel Mountains has been developed. There also is one disjunct record from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47FC5F9675D09F8A9" authority="County" authorityName="County" box="[151,375,1771,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Santa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="clara">Santa Clara County</taxonomicName>
|
||
that did not indicate a collector, locale, or date. The veracity of this record is unknown, but it seems likely that the historical range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D68FFFEFFD47DD6F8835F54F885" box="[644,810,1807,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Veromessor" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamberlini">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47DD6F8835F54F885" box="[644,810,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">V. chamberlini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extended along coastal areas north to or near the San Francisco Bay area. Efforts should be made to reverify this northern record. This species occurs at elevations from
|
||
<quantity id="4CC29B0EFFFEFFD47FC5F8DA5D62F8DD" box="[151,284,1878,1905]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.65" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.3" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="765.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="30.0">30–1,500 m</quantity>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47E37F8DB5DA9F8DD" box="[357,471,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
interior chaparral and woodlands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47C05F8DB5FB7F8DD" box="[855,969,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
coastal sage and chaparral, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF809FFFEFFD47A79F8DB59E3F8DD" box="[1323,1437,1879,1905]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
montane chaparral and woodlands ecoregions, as defined by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B1AFFFEFFD47C13F8F7586BF839" author="Olson, D. M. & Dinerstein, E. & Wikramanayake, E. D. & Burgess, N. D. & Powell, G. V. N. & Underwood, E. C. & D'Amico, J. A. & Itoua, I. & Strand, H. E. & Morrison, J. C. & Loucks, C. J. & Allnutt, T. F. & Ricketts, T. H. & Kura, Y. & Lamoreux, J. F. & Wettengel, W. W. & Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R." box="[833,1045,1915,1941]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="933 - 938" refId="ref70788" refString="Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D'Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C., Loucks, C. J., Allnutt, T. F., Ricketts, T. H., Kura, Y., Lamoreux, J. F., Wettengel, W. W., Hedao, P. & Kassem, K. R. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience, 51 (11), 933 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1641 / 0006 - 3568 (2001) 051 [0933: TEOTWA] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Olson
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEAF9FFFEFFD47CD9F8F75FBDF839" box="[907,963,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A6EFFFEFFD47B71F8F758D9F839" box="[1059,1191,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[417,1169,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-18@25.[417,1170,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 10. Geographic distribution of: (A) Veromessor andrei, (B) V. chamberlini, and (C) V. chicoensis. The larger black circle in each panel denotes the type locality. The northernmost locale for V. chamberlini was given only as Santa Clara County, and we have placed this locale near the center of the county." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7318850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7318850/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figure 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |