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<document id="011BF847683E229DE2C13C5CD1768CA3" ID-DOI="10.1111/aen.12658" ID-ISSN="2052-1758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10933315" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1712336398319" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Virla, Eduardo G., Moya-Raygoza, Gustavo &amp; Guglielmino, Adalgisa" docDate="2023" docId="039387E0FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FB98FCE6" docLanguage="en" docName="AustEntomol.62.3.274-299.pdf" docOrigin="Austral Entomology 62 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aen.12658" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7225A66E612645B254897B58CBF9602B.1:AustEntomol.2023-.journal_article.closed" docStyleId="7225A66E612645B254897B58CBF9602B" docStyleName="AustEntomol.2023-.journal_article.closed" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Dryinidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="290" masterDocId="FFAAFF98FFA71E6FFFF0FFE0FF80FF95" masterDocTitle="A review of the biology of the pincer wasps (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="299" masterPageNumber="274" pageNumber="290" updateTime="1712592214747" updateUser="valdenar">
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<mods:title id="F1865BE4A809103B99A3D084933A921E">A review of the biology of the pincer wasps (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D15FE2CD80C4B61844776D1CD738924F">Virla, Eduardo G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1644A24E6BAEE623561A1092C358C192">Moya-Raygoza, Gustavo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6CFB9C9BE20543F58818FB0EFF464B3A">Guglielmino, Adalgisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="84DE1545A831A391725DF8B98A4E4A06">Austral Entomology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5E2BA252FF8893F3442CD797BE027FC7">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A0CECA145AC7BE9DDEFE55363ED802EB">62</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="AD00C2170BF753041A65983CF9935C4F" type="DOI">10.1111/aen.12658</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8FB699636D7A2C165CBA2B24B877D72F" type="ISSN">2052-1758</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039387E0FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FB98FCE6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387E0FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FB98FCE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387E0FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FB98FCE6" lastPageNumber="290" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">
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<paragraph id="8B8536F6FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FE7EFB21" blockId="16.[122,605,1175,1268]" box="[122,510,1175,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">
<heading id="D0CD819AFFB71E7FFF8AFB77FE7EFB21" bold="true" box="[122,510,1175,1204]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B94EEAE4FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FE7EFB21" bold="true" box="[122,510,1175,1204]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFF8AFB77FE85FB21" ID-CoL="623YW" ID-ENA="144390" box="[122,261,1175,1204]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dryinidae</taxonomicName>
interactions with
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536F6FFB71E7FFF8AFB57FDC1FB61" blockId="16.[122,605,1175,1268]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">
<heading id="D0CD819AFFB71E7FFF8AFB57FDC1FB61" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" reason="5">
<emphasis id="B94EEAE4FFB71E7FFF8AFB57FDC1FB61" bold="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">Auchenorrhyncha hosts and plant pathogenic virus and mollicutes</emphasis>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="C320657DFFB71E7FFF8AFAFBFB98FCE6" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8536F6FFB71E7FFF8AFAFBFD9DF886" blockId="16.[122,770,1307,1939]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">
As previously stated,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFE78FAFBFE73FAA6" box="[392,499,1307,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Dryinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Dryinidae</taxonomicName>
larvae develop on/in nymphs and adults of Auchenorrhyncha. Many of these host species belong to planthoppers (
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFDC7FABBFD45FAE6" box="[567,709,1371,1395]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Delphacidae</taxonomicName>
) and leafhoppers (
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFEE3FA9BFE1DFA06" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[275,413,1403,1427]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
) that can carry and transmit viruses and mollicutes (phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas), causing important diseases in several crops such as maize, barley, wheat, rice and oats (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFDC0FA3BFD31FA66" author="Nault, L. R." box="[560,689,1499,1523]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="429 - 448" refId="ref22960" refString="Nault, L. R. (1994) Transmission biology, vector specificity and evolution of planthopper-transmitted viruses. In: Denno, R. F. &amp; Perfect, T. J. (Eds.) Planthoppers: their biology and management. New York: Chapman &amp; Hall, pp. 429 - 448 https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 2395 - 6 _ 13" type="book chapter" year="1994">Nault 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFD35FA3BFD7BFA66" author="Nault, L. R." box="[709,763,1499,1523]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="521 - 541" refId="ref23038" refString="Nault, L. R. (1997) Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: a new synthesis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90 (5), 521 - 541. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 90.5.521" type="journal article" year="1997">1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFF8AFA1BFEA7F986" author="Trivellone, V." box="[122,295,1531,1555]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="32910" refId="ref25491" refString="Trivellone, V. (2019) An online global database of Hemiptera-Phytoplasma-Plant biological interactions. Biodiversity Data Journal, 7 (7), e 32910. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 7. e 32910" type="journal article" year="2019">Trivellone 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFEC8FA1BFDE2F986" author="Trivellone, V. &amp; Dietrich, C. H." box="[312,610,1531,1555]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="137 - 150" refId="ref25537" refString="Trivellone, V. &amp; Dietrich, C. H. (2021) Evolutionary diversification in insect vector - phytoplasma - plant associations. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 114 (2), 137 - 150. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / saaa 048" type="journal article" year="2021">Trivellone &amp; Dietrich 2021</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFD82FA1BFEA1F9A6" author="Weintraub, P. G. &amp; Beanland, L." pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="91 - 111" refId="ref26471" refString="Weintraub, P. G. &amp; Beanland, L. (2006) Insect vectors of phytoplasmas. Annual Review of Entomology, 51 (1), 91 - 111. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. ento. 51.110104.151039" type="journal article" year="2006">Weintraub &amp; Beanland 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFEC1F9FBFDD3F9A6" author="Wilson, M. R. &amp; Weintraub, P. G." box="[305,595,1563,1587]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="177 - 178" refId="ref26569" refString="Wilson, M. R. &amp; Weintraub, P. G. (2007) An introduction to Auchenorrhyncha phytoplasma vectors. Bulletin of Insectology, 60, 177 - 178." type="journal article" year="2007">Wilson &amp; Weintraub 2007</bibRefCitation>
). These viruses and mollicutes are vectorised to plants via a persistentpropagative mechanism in which the pathogens replicate within the nymphs and adults of Auchenorrhyncha (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFF70F97BFF7CF926" author="Nault, L. R." box="[128,252,1691,1715]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="521 - 541" refId="ref23038" refString="Nault, L. R. (1997) Arthropod transmission of plant viruses: a new synthesis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90 (5), 521 - 541. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 90.5.521" type="journal article" year="1997">Nault 1997</bibRefCitation>
). This means that once the virus or mollicute is acquired by the vectors, they remain infected all their lives, and if dryinids parasitise them, their larvae must grow and interact with the pathogen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536F6FFB71E7FFF52F8FBFB98FCE6" blockId="16.[122,770,1307,1939]" lastBlockId="16.[818,1466,123,883]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">
Increasing evidence indicates that viruses and mollicutes can influence host plant phenotypes and the behaviour of insect vectors to facilitate their spread. In the interaction between viruses, mollicutes and host plants, pathogens manipulate plant signals that in turn influence the orientation, feeding and dispersal behaviour of vectors. In this way, pathogens ensure that they can colonise other plants and thus spread the disease (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFCC8FF1BFB96FE86" author="Mauck, K. E. &amp; Chesnais, Q. &amp; Shapiro, L. R." box="[824,1046,251,275]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="189 - 250" refId="ref22132" refString="Mauck, K. E., Chesnais, Q. &amp; Shapiro, L. R. (2018) Chapter seven - evolutionary determinants of host and vector manipulation by plant viruses. Advances in Virus Research, 101, 189 - 250. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / bs. aivir. 2018.02.007" type="journal article" year="2018">Mauck et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
). The ‘adaptive host manipulation hypothesis’ highlights the fitness benefits of manipulation as a strategy and proposes that pathogens/parasites can evolve to control features of their host’ s phenotype and so maintain or improve their transmission rates (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFCC8FE7BFC40FE26" author="Poulin, R." box="[824,960,411,435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="151 - 186" refId="ref24469" refString="Poulin, R. (2010) Parasite manipulation of host behavior: an update and frequently asked questions. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 41, 151 - 186. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0065 - 3454 (10) 41005 - 0" type="journal article" year="2010">Poulin 2010</bibRefCitation>
). Interactions among viruses and mollicutes with their vectors,
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFBE8FE5BFB23FE46" box="[1048,1187,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Delphacidae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFB1AFE5BFAF3FE46" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1258,1395,443,467]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
, have been broadly investigated. However, little is known about how plant pathogens and vectors interact with parasitoids (like dryinids) in nymphs and adults. Studies related to aphid vectors (Sternorrhyncha) found that infected insects carrying a plant pathogen experienced great vulnerability to the parasitoid
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFB1CFD9BFC17FD26" authority="(Dalman)" baseAuthorityName="Dalman" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Aphidius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="colemani">
<emphasis id="B94EEAE4FFB71E7FFB1CFD9BFA3AFD06" box="[1260,1466,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">Aphidius colemani</emphasis>
(Dalman)
</taxonomicName>
(Hym.:
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFC1FFD7BFBEDFD26" box="[1007,1133,667,691]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFB71FD7BFAFAFD26" author="de Oliveira, C. F. &amp; Long, E. &amp; Finke, D. L." box="[1153,1402,667,691]" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="1169 - 1177" refId="ref18223" refString="de Oliveira, C. F., Long, E. &amp; Finke, D. L. (2014) A negative effect of a pathogen on its vector? A plant pathogen increases the vulnerability of its vector to attack by natural enemies. Oecologia, 174 (4), 1169 - 1177. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00442 - 013 - 2854 - x" type="journal article" year="2014">de Oliveira et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). In a study related to dryinid parasitoids, it was found that when the Gonatopodine
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFBBFFD3BFAA2FD66" authorityName="Olmi" authorityYear="1984" box="[1103,1314,731,755]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Gonatopus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bartletti">
<emphasis id="B94EEAE4FFB71E7FFBBFFD3BFAA2FD66" box="[1103,1314,731,755]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">Gonatopus bartletti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFA79FD3BFC71FC86" family="Spiroplasmataceae" genus="Spiroplasma" kingdom="Bacteria" order="Entomoplasmatales" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Tenericutes" rank="species" species="kunkelii">
<emphasis id="B94EEAE4FFB71E7FFA79FD3BFC71FC86" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">Spiroplasma kunkelii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
coexisted within
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFB3FFD1BFC70FCA6" authority="(De Long &amp; Wolcott)" baseAuthorityName="De Long &amp; Wolcott" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Dalbulus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maidis">
<emphasis id="B94EEAE4FFB71E7FFB3FFD1BFA04FC86" box="[1231,1412,763,787]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="290">Dalbulus maidis</emphasis>
(De Long &amp; Wolcott)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D75FFB71E7FFBF2FCFBFB0EFCA6" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1825" box="[1026,1166,795,819]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="290" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cicadellidae</taxonomicName>
), the development of the dryinid was not affected by the spiroplasma (
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B07FFB71E7FFA83FCDBFB8BFCE6" author="Moya-Raygoza, G. &amp; Palomera-Avalos, V. &amp; Chacon-Torres, N. M. &amp; Becerra-Chiron, I. M." pageId="16" pageNumber="290" pagination="189 - 196" refId="ref22797" refString="Moya-Raygoza, G., Palomera-Avalos, V., Chacon-Torres, N. M. &amp; Becerra-Chiron, I. M. (2006) The parasitoid Gonatopus bartletti reduces presence of plant-pathogenic Spiroplasma kunkelii within the leafhopper vector Dalbulus maidis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 119 (3), 189 - 196. Available from: https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1570 - 7458.2006.00409. x" type="journal article" year="2006">Moya-Raygoza et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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