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<document id="6F467DF7904FD394F8DC5C3B8EE353A0" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930500145123" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4581703" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1614874722613" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Huber, Bernhard A. &amp; Benjamin, Suresh P." docDate="2005" docId="039387D9FFCAFFF2C17D1F7AFDBB6D14" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.39.37-3305-3319.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 39 (37)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930500145123" docStyle="DocumentStyle:7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C.2:JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="7E99CF6C63B49250F2A87C3AEDC82D8C" docStyleName="JNatHist.2005-2007.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Wanniyala Huber &amp; Benjamin 2005, new genus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="3311" masterDocId="FFAAFFA1FFC2FFFBC3731D01FFC96C16" masterDocTitle="The pholcid spiders from Sri Lanka: redescription of Pholcus ceylonicus and description of a new genus (Araneae: Pholcidae)" masterLastPageNumber="3319" masterPageNumber="3305" pageNumber="3311" updateTime="1698880134788" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="F1927B918B2A970E28668D8FF3810D50">The pholcid spiders from Sri Lanka: redescription of Pholcus ceylonicus and description of a new genus (Araneae: Pholcidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C9A5E18A5FEC3F3F1840FB28C9DDFB1A">Huber, Bernhard A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4AD5FC01EB7DA40951283296B24EF4E">Benjamin, Suresh P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BBC8F61D88124603430D0DA7A0EBDE5F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="6511FAB27CF11D9879637CBE83438194">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A769ED58C8FD938938C15F636D1A5255">
<mods:date id="B09C7FFE1022468A005927EF4CAB9EB5">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="ECEBC07D9323757C22AF97D5985FCBD1">2005-11-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B34ADFCD399614022F4E8D54D94B1134">39</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="60D0B4E325D1E5A6D6D44741C750461B">37</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A6EB25AA2D8BC857968FFFCE4FF2D9DD">3305</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="827DCCFE4209443F8F1FC53676D581A1">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="990BDF121712594DE4D8CD76A15633EA" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930500145123</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="37482BB796C68F2FCC7D08A8255D50BB" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="650D678F56F3CF241AEC52AB980C8B45" type="Zenodo-Dep">4581703</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="039387D9FFCAFFF2C17D1F7AFDBB6D14" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387D9FFCAFFF2C17D1F7AFDBB6D14" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387D9FFCAFFF2C17D1F7AFDBB6D14" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="3311" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<subSubSection id="C3206544FFCAFFF3C17D1F7AFCD46E85" box="[526,797,635,659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C17D1F7AFCD46E85" blockId="8.[526,797,635,659]" box="[526,797,635,659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<heading id="D0CD81A3FFCAFFF3C17D1F7AFCD46E85" box="[526,797,635,659]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D4CFFCAFFF3C17D1F7AFD516E85" ID-CoL="87JX" ID-ENA="2069072" authority="Huber &amp; Benjamin, 2005" authorityName="Huber &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2005" box="[526,664,635,659]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wanniyala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C17D1F7AFD516E85" bold="true" box="[526,664,635,659]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Wanniyala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57A6FFCAFFF3C1D11F7AFCD46E85" box="[674,797,635,659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" rank="genus">new genus</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91FBCFD0B6EC2" blockId="8.[138,706,700,724]" box="[138,706,700,724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C3F91FBCFDE96EC2" box="[138,544,700,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<typeStatus id="5481886DFFCAFFF3C3F91FBCFF096EC2" box="[138,192,701,724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Type</typeStatus>
species.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D4CFFCAFFF3C2501FBDFDE96EC2" authority="Huber &amp; Benjamin, 2005" authorityName="Huber &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2005" box="[291,544,700,724]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wanniyala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="agrabopath" status="sp. nov.">Wanniyala agrabopath</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27D57A6FFCAFFF3C1421FBDFD776EC2" box="[561,702,700,724]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91FFEFF326F01" blockId="8.[138,251,767,791]" box="[138,251,767,791]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C3F91FFEFF326F01" box="[138,251,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91E31FB6B6FB1" blockId="8.[138,1186,816,935]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
Named for the Wanniyala-Aetto or ‘‘forest people’’, an indigenous people of
<collectingCountry id="F32D765FFFCAFFF3C7551E31FB546F5E" box="[1062,1181,816,840]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
, commonly known as Veddahs. They are the earliest inhabitants with any living descendants in
<collectingCountry id="F32D765FFFCAFFF3C3F91E6EFF326F91" box="[138,251,879,903]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
. They have lived in their forest environment as hunter-gatherers for the past 18,000 years, but are now endangered due to rapid development and destruction of the forest habitat.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91ED3FF3A6FFC" blockId="8.[138,243,978,1002]" box="[138,243,978,1002]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C3F91ED3FF3A6FFC" box="[138,243,978,1002]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91902FE6D68CC" blockId="8.[138,1185,1027,1242]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
Small pholcids (body length about
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) with six eyes, long legs, and globular abdomen, distinguished from other pholcines by the male genitalia [procursus with distinctive distal hinged sclerite (
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C2331942FDCA684D" box="[320,515,1091,1115]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[125,185,1253,1272]" captionTargetBox="[133,1168,138,1203]" captionTargetId="figure-96@11.[125,1173,133,1217]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. (a–d) Wanniyala agrabopath; (e–h) W. hakgala. (a, b, e, f) Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; (c, g) cleared epigyna, ventral views; (d, h) cleared epigyna, dorsal views. ds, dorsal sclerite; pp, proximal projection; t1–3, transparent projections. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b, e, f: all to same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 7a, b, e, f</figureCitation>
), ventral transparent projection (t
<quantity id="4CC29B2AFFCAFFF3C0F91942FC7A684D" box="[906,947,1091,1115]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C0C91942FBD5684D" box="[954,1052,1091,1115]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[125,185,1253,1272]" captionTargetBox="[133,1168,138,1203]" captionTargetId="figure-96@11.[125,1173,133,1217]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. (a–d) Wanniyala agrabopath; (e–h) W. hakgala. (a, b, e, f) Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; (c, g) cleared epigyna, ventral views; (d, h) cleared epigyna, dorsal views. ds, dorsal sclerite; pp, proximal projection; t1–3, transparent projections. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b, e, f: all to same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 7</figureCitation>
), prolateral proximal projection, and brush-like structure (t
<quantity id="4CC29B2AFFCAFFF3C1C51962FD2D686D" box="[694,740,1123,1147]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C19D1962FC86686D" box="[750,847,1123,1147]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[125,185,1253,1272]" captionTargetBox="[133,1168,138,1203]" captionTargetId="figure-96@11.[125,1173,133,1217]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. (a–d) Wanniyala agrabopath; (e–h) W. hakgala. (a, b, e, f) Left procursus, prolateral and retrolateral views; (c, g) cleared epigyna, ventral views; (d, h) cleared epigyna, dorsal views. ds, dorsal sclerite; pp, proximal projection; t1–3, transparent projections. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (a, b, e, f: all to same scale)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581725" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581725/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 7</figureCitation>
), bulb with tubular embolus and single sclerotized projection (
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C17C1983FD4B688C" box="[527,642,1154,1178]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[138,198,1377,1396]" captionTargetBox="[148,1175,133,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[138,1186,133,1341]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Wanniyala agrabopath. (a, b) Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views; (c) male prosoma and chelicerae, dorsal view; (d) tip of male cheliceral apophysis; (e) male chelicerae, frontal view. b, genital bulb; ba, bulbal apophysis; e, embolus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a–c); 50 Mm (d); 0.2 mm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581723/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 6a</figureCitation>
)], and by the combination of modified clypeus (
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C3E119A3FECA68AC" box="[146,259,1186,1210]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[138,198,1377,1396]" captionTargetBox="[148,1175,133,1327]" captionTargetId="figure-15@10.[138,1186,133,1341]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Wanniyala agrabopath. (a, b) Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views; (c) male prosoma and chelicerae, dorsal view; (d) tip of male cheliceral apophysis; (e) male chelicerae, frontal view. b, genital bulb; ba, bulbal apophysis; e, embolus. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (a–c); 50 Mm (d); 0.2 mm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581723" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581723/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 6c</figureCitation>
), reduction of ALS spigots (
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C12819A3FD2468AC" box="[603,749,1186,1210]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[138,198,1090,1109]" captionTargetBox="[138,1186,133,1054]" captionTargetId="figure-159@12.[138,1186,133,1054]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. Wanniyala hakgala. (a) Male gonopore with four epiandrous spigots; (b, c) female and male anterior lateral spinnerets with widened and pointed spigots; (d) female abdomen, ventral view. Scale bars: 20 Mm (a–c); 0.5 mm (d)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581727" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581727/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 8b, c</figureCitation>
), and large number of short vertical hairs on male metatarsi.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91804FECA690B" blockId="8.[138,259,1285,1309]" box="[138,259,1285,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C3F91804FECA690B" box="[138,259,1285,1309]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91837FDBF6958" blockId="8.[138,630,1334,1358]" box="[138,630,1334,1358]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">See descriptions of the two species below.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91878FEC26987" blockId="8.[138,267,1401,1425]" box="[138,267,1401,1425]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C3F91878FEC26987" box="[138,267,1401,1425]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F918ABFD7A69F7" blockId="8.[138,1185,1450,1505]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
Known only from
<collectingCountry id="F32D765FFFCAFFF3C21D18ABFE2A69D4" box="[366,483,1450,1474]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A4AFFCAFFF3C28418ABFD9569D4" box="[503,604,1450,1474]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[125,185,941,960]" captionTargetBox="[365,932,133,906]" captionTargetId="figure-152@13.[365,932,133,906]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. Known geographic distributions of Pholcus ceylonicus, Wanniyala agrabopath, W. hakgala, and an undescribed species of Wanniyala." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4581729" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4581729/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Figure 9</figureCitation>
). The genus might also occur in
<collectingCountry id="F32D765FFFCAFFF3C08A18ABFBF069D4" box="[1017,1081,1450,1474]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">India</collectingCountry>
, but the pholcid fauna of
<collectingCountry id="F32D765FFFCAFFF3C22118C8FE4769F7" box="[338,398,1481,1505]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">India</collectingCountry>
has barely been studied.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF3C3F91B0CFE076A33" blockId="8.[138,462,1549,1573]" box="[138,462,1549,1573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C3F91B0CFE076A33" box="[138,462,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">Composition and relationships</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536CFFFCAFFF2C3F91B3CFDBB6D14" blockId="8.[138,1185,1597,1685]" lastBlockId="9.[125,1173,137,258]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="3312" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">
The genus includes two named species (newly described below) as well as one unnamed species from Inginiyagala (7
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C2961B5CFE266A63" bold="true" box="[485,495,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">°</emphasis>
139N, 81
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C1131B5CFDA36A63" bold="true" box="[608,618,1629,1653]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">°</emphasis>
329E), Badulla District (one male), and from Rattota (7
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C2761B7CFEC66A83" bold="true" box="[261,271,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">°</emphasis>
319N, 80
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCAFFF3C20E1B7CFE4E6A83" bold="true" box="[381,391,1661,1685]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">°</emphasis>
419E), Matale District (one male) (3634–
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<collectionCode id="ED2BAE0AFFCAFFF3C0B91B7CFBD86A83" box="[970,1041,1661,1685]" pageId="8" pageNumber="3311">MZT</collectionCode>
). The latter species is not described because the female remains unknown.
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D4CFFCBFFF2C0FB1D88FBCB6CB7" authorityName="Huber &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2005" box="[904,1026,137,161]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Wanniyala" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="3312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCBFFF2C0FB1D88FBCB6CB7" box="[904,1026,137,161]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="3312">Wanniyala</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is clearly a representative of pholcines
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCBFFF2C2C41DABFE266CD7" box="[439,495,170,193]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="3312">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B3EFFCBFFF2C2861DA8FD526CD7" author="Huber BA" box="[501,667,169,193]" pageId="9" pageNumber="3312" pagination="1 - 348" refId="ref4576" refString="Huber BA. 2000. New World pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): a revision at generic level. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 254: 1 - 348." type="journal article" year="2000">Huber (2000)</bibRefCitation>
. Within this subfamily, relationships remain largely obscure. This is mainly due to the fact that the large genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D4CFFCBFFF2C0B21DC8FBDA6CF7" authorityName="Walckenaer" authorityYear="1805" box="[961,1043,201,225]" class="Arachnida" family="Pholcidae" genus="Pholcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="3312" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEADDFFCBFFF2C0B21DC8FBDA6CF7" box="[961,1043,201,225]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="3312">Pholcus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and some potential relatives have never been revised.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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