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<mods:title id="6AC09FB9C6351773D9DE477218EFE9FA">Zalmoxidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) of the Paleotropics: a catalogue of Southeast Asian and Indo-Pacific species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8848BF74BE99997255FCC63F0C2AFEE6">Sharma, Prashant P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8EEB45345812F1C76182595190B1B359">Kury, Adriano B.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="039387B3FFD39146AF974301FAD40412" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6194317" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119402839" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6194317" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039387B3FFD39146AF974301FAD40412" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039387B3FFD39146AF974301FAD40412" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
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<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AF974301FDBD0084" blockId="4.[151,607,891,918]" box="[151,607,891,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<heading id="D0CD81C9FFD39146AF974301FDBD0084" bold="true" box="[151,607,891,918]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AF974301FDBD0084" ID-CoL="7SP2X" authority="Cantrell, 1980" authorityName="Cantrell" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,607,891,918]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangodidae" genus="Bogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neogranulata">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF974301FDBD0084" bold="true" box="[151,607,891,918]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF974301FE440087" bold="true" box="[151,422,892,918]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bogania neogranulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B54FFD39146AEAE4306FDBD0084" author="Cantrell" box="[430,607,891,917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Cantrell, B. K. (1980) Additional Australian harvestmen. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 19, 241 - 253." type="journal article" year="1980">Cantrell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652EFFD39146AF9743BEFE3207FD" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AF9743BEFCDE00C9" blockId="4.[151,828,962,984]" box="[151,828,962,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AF9743BEFDF700C9" ID-CoL="7SP2X" authority="Cantrell, 1980" authorityName="Cantrell" authorityYear="1980" box="[151,533,962,984]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangodidae" genus="Bogania" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neogranulata">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF9743BEFE9E00C9" box="[151,380,962,984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bogania neogranulata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B54FFD39146AE8243BFFDF700C9" author="Cantrell" box="[386,533,962,984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Cantrell, B. K. (1980) Additional Australian harvestmen. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 19, 241 - 253." type="journal article" year="1980">Cantrell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p. 248249, figs. 26, 30, 34.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AF974478FAD8070C" blockId="4.[151,1338,1029,1054]" box="[151,1338,1029,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<bibRef id="529AA253FFD39146AF974478FAD8070C" box="[151,1338,1029,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="book">
<author id="5387DE40FFD39146AF974478FBCA070F" box="[151,1064,1029,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF974478FF17070C" bold="true" box="[151,245,1029,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Record.</emphasis>
*The Knoll, Mt. Tamborine, Queensland,
<collectingCountry id="F32D7635FFD39146ADD24478FCD9070C" box="[722,827,1029,1053]" name="Australia" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Australia</collectingCountry>
, collected 11
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B54FFD39146ACD4447BFBCA070F" author="August" box="[980,1064,1030,1054]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Record. * The Knoll, Mt. Tamborine, Queensland, Australia, collected 11 August, 1969, by B. K. Cantrell." type="book" year="1969">August</bibRefCitation>
</author>
,
<year id="FF9277F6FFD39146AB334478FB8F070C" box="[1075,1133,1029,1053]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">1969</year>
,
<title id="F93EDD93FFD39146AB794478FB52070C" box="[1145,1200,1029,1053]" jopScore="1.4108554" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="_" typeScore="59">by B</title>
.
<journalOrPublisher id="51FB3C69FFD39146ABB5447BFAD8070C" box="[1205,1338,1029,1053]" jopScore="1.485111" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">K. Cantrell.</journalOrPublisher>
</bibRef>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AF974417FDC00795" blockId="4.[151,546,1130,1156]" box="[151,546,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF974417FE4F0795" bold="true" box="[151,429,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AFEE4417FE4F0795" authority="Star" authorityName="Star" box="[238,429,1130,1156]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AFEE4417FE960795" bold="true" box="[238,372,1130,1156]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea</emphasis>
Star
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
ę
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AEBC4417FDC00795" bold="true" box="[444,546,1130,1156]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">ga, 1992</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AF9744C9FE3207FD" blockId="4.[151,1305,1204,1261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AF9744C9FE5207DB" authority="Lawrence, 1959" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1959" box="[151,432,1204,1226]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF9744C9FEE707DB" box="[151,261,1204,1226]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B54FFD39146AE0B44C8FE5207DB" author="Lawrence" box="[267,432,1204,1226]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Lawrence, R. F. (1959) Arachnides, Opilions. Faune de Madagascar. Publications de L'Institut de Recherche Scientifique Tananarive, Tsimbazaza, 9, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1959">Lawrence, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, p.: 8283; Staręga, 1989, p. 5 [unavailable name, ICZN 13.3]; Staręga, 1992, p. 295..
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AF9744AAFE2E07FD" authority="Starega, 1992: 295" authorityName="Starega" authorityPageNumber="295" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,460,1238,1261]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF9744AAFEE707FC" box="[151,261,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea</emphasis>
Staręga, 1992: 295
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652EFFD39146AF974569FE7E065E" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AF974569FC1E063D" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,1796]" box="[151,1020,1299,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AF974569FED0063D" bold="true" box="[151,306,1299,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<typeStatus id="54818807FFD39146AF974569FF30063D" box="[151,210,1300,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AE394569FD05063D" authority="Lawrence, 1959" authorityName="Lawrence" authorityYear="1959" box="[313,743,1300,1324]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AE394569FDCB063D" box="[313,553,1300,1324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea gracilipes</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B54FFD39146AD304568FD05063D" author="Lawrence" box="[560,743,1300,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Lawrence, R. F. (1959) Arachnides, Opilions. Faune de Madagascar. Publications de L'Institut de Recherche Scientifique Tananarive, Tsimbazaza, 9, 1 - 121." type="journal article" year="1959">Lawrence, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AFC5454AFE7E065E" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,1796]" box="[197,412,1335,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AFC5454AFEC60641" bold="true" box="[197,292,1335,1360]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Gender.</emphasis>
Feminine.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652EFFD39146AFC54526FBFD0536" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AFC54526FBFD0536" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AFC54526FEDD0665" bold="true" box="[197,319,1371,1396]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Ocularium placed toward the anterior margin of the carapace. Proximal segment of chelicers with shallow bulla. Legs unarmed, with leg II much longer than leg IV and three times the length of the body; tarsal formula 3: 4: 5: 6. Distitarsus I with two articles, distitarsus II with three articles.
<collectingCountry id="F32D7635FFD39146AB0745D9FBA306AD" box="[1031,1089,1444,1468]" name="Malta" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Male</collectingCountry>
genitalia long, slender; ventral plate defined only as a distal tapering setigerous portion of truncus; with 4 pairs of lateral and two pair of ventrodistal small acuminate setae and one very large foliaceous seta; stragulum long and tubular, with two pairs of square terminal processes, stylus flagelliform and needlelike; no rutrum and no pergula.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C320652EFFD39146AFC54645FAD40412" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8536A5FFD39146AFC54645FAD40412" blockId="4.[151,1437,1299,1796]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AFC54645FEDB0541" bold="true" box="[197,313,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</emphasis>
Originally in Phalangodinae, transferred to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AC2B464AFC53055E" box="[811,945,1591,1615]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zalmoxidae</taxonomicName>
by Staręga (1992). The general appearance of this genus suggests a distant relationship to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146ADAF4626FC8D0562" authority="The" authorityName="The" box="[687,879,1627,1651]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Zalmoxidae, The</taxonomicName>
penis of a
<typeStatus id="54818807FFD39146ACF24621FBB00565" box="[1010,1106,1628,1652]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AB7C4621FA8C0565" box="[1148,1390,1628,1652]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilipes">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AB7C4621FA8C0565" box="[1148,1390,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea gracilipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been dissected and examined by us, and it includes structures characteristic of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AB024602FB450586" box="[1026,1191,1663,1687]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangodidae</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="13012A20FFD39146ABB64602FB180586" box="[1206,1274,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1913,1936]" captionTargetBox="[175,1413,483,1877]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,469,1892]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 2. Male paratype of Bunofagea gracilipes Lawrence, 1959 (MNHN). Left, lateral view of penis; right, dorsal view of penis. Scale bar = 100 m." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/206630/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
); we therefore consider
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AFFE46D9FE9505AD" box="[254,375,1700,1724]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AFFE46D9FE9505AD" box="[254,375,1700,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be a member of
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AD5946DEFD1C05AA" box="[601,766,1699,1723]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangodidae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AC0646D9FBCB05AD" bold="true" box="[774,1065,1699,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">new familial assignment</emphasis>
. Furthermore, the related monotypic Madagascan genus
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AEBC46B5FD5C05CE" authority="Roewer, 1949" authorityName="Roewer" authorityYear="1949" box="[444,702,1735,1759]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Remyus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146AEBC46B5FDF105CE" box="[444,531,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Remyus</emphasis>
Roewer, 1949
</taxonomicName>
has been included in a molecular phylogeny and subsequently transferred to
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146AE344696FE3A0412" box="[308,472,1771,1795]" class="Arachnida" family="Phalangodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Phalangodidae</taxonomicName>
(Sharma &amp; Giribet, in press), suggesting a similar placement for
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D26FFD39146ABB64691FACD0415" box="[1206,1327,1772,1796]" class="Arachnida" family="Zalmoxidae" genus="Bunofagea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Opiliones" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B94EEAB7FFD39146ABB64691FACD0415" box="[1206,1327,1772,1796]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="41">Bunofagea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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