181 lines
22 KiB
XML
181 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="9D33A88419238B0A32894D7D2F38D35B" ID-CLB-Dataset="8307" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4926.1.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="dee39772-3bec-41db-9ad4-4278a2be4fec" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500738" ID-ZooBank="8358B5B1-CE6B-4531-98D5-3E3075869B94" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1612423847332" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Poorani, J., Sankararaman, H. & Anusree, S. S." docDate="2021" docId="03938789B26DFF9F2A91765FFED87FD5" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4926.1.8.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4926 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Phrynocaria funebris" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="124" masterDocId="FFAAFFF1B26AFF982A06773CFFBF7A6B" masterDocTitle="A review of Indian species of Phrynocaria Timberlake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with notes on synonymy and a new species from South India, hitherto misidentified as Coelophora circumusta (Mulsant)" masterLastPageNumber="133" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="124" updateTime="1698926726103" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="C07B738F243D0D0021B4F60FAB7ED794">A review of Indian species of Phrynocaria Timberlake (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) with notes on synonymy and a new species from South India, hitherto misidentified as Coelophora circumusta (Mulsant)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D0BDCEFD5E81BE5A796C51CA2ECF965D">Poorani, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="746F2599398276A84D2109A4A7ADC87B">ICAR-National Research Centre for Banana, Thogamalai Road, Thayanur Post, Trichy 620102, Tamil Nadu, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AB35EA5BB3BC1CA4A9B564434C6B7E12">Sankararaman, H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="90D5DAD6CFAF7B314BBB7174EA8AD8A8">Department of Entomology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 5244 - 9833</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E18E8E5FFA49DCC36B3F3211B74C449B">Anusree, S. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="4EB023FE5374DE3F2B98584E2EF72F2F">Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellayani, Trivandrum, Kerala. https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9968 - 6791</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="433CD5C59E2F18092CC5967C25FBD78C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5AC0B8DE147F5E4EBD5013502EF37405">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03938789B26DFF9F2A91765FFED87FD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177318592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4500732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03938789B26DFF9F2A91765FFED87FD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03938789B26DFF9F2A91765FFED87FD5" lastPageNumber="124" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F2A91765FFDE87B15" authority="(Crotch, 1874)" baseAuthorityName="Crotch" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[151,599,355,382]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2A91765FFDE87B15" bold="true" box="[151,599,355,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2A91765FFE247B15" bold="true" box="[151,411,355,382]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Phrynocaria funebris</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B6EB26DFF9F2BAD7658FDF17B15" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[427,590,356,382]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" refId="ref7225" refString="Crotch, G. R. (1874) A revision of the coleopterous family Coccinellidae. E. W. Janson, London, 311 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8975" type="book" year="1874">Crotch, 1874</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3206514B26DFF9F2A9176B4FF547BC9" box="[151,235,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2A9176B4FF547BC9" blockId="7.[151,599,355,418]" box="[151,235,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F2AA676B4FF5C7BC9" box="[160,227,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3206514B26DFF9F2A9176FBFDFF7B95" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2A9176FBFC847BB4" blockId="7.[151,827,455,510]" box="[151,827,455,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B108EB26DFF9F2A9176FBFD997BB4" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[151,550,455,479]" page="154" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" year="1874">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F2A9176FBFD997BB4" authority="Crotch, 1874: 154" authorityName=", Crotch" authorityPageNumber="154" authorityYear="1874" box="[151,550,455,479]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2A9176FBFED57BB4" box="[151,362,455,479]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Coelophora funebris</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B6EB26DFF9F2B7676FBFD997BB4" author="Crotch, G. R." box="[368,550,455,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" refId="ref7225" refString="Crotch, G. R. (1874) A revision of the coleopterous family Coccinellidae. E. W. Janson, London, 311 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8975" type="book" year="1874">Crotch, 1874: 154</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.—
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B108EB26DFF9F284576FBFC887BB4" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[579,823,455,479]" page="292" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B6EB26DFF9F284576FBFC887BB4" author="Korschefsky, R." box="[579,823,455,479]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" refId="ref8044" refString="Korschefsky, R. (1932) Coleopterorum Catalogus. Pars 120. Coccinellidae II. W. Junk, Berlin, 435 pp." type="book" year="1932">Korschefsky 1932: 292</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2A9176DAFDFF7B95" blockId="7.[151,827,455,510]" box="[151,576,486,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2A11B1B26DFF9F2A9176DAFDFF7B95" box="[151,576,486,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9B108EB26DFF9F2A9176DAFD837B95" author="Poorani, J." box="[151,572,486,510]" page="338" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" year="2002">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F2A9176DAFD837B95" authority=": Poorani 2002: 338" authorityName=": Poorani" authorityPageNumber="338" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,572,486,510]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2A9176DAFECE7B95" box="[151,369,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Phrynocaria funebris</emphasis>
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:
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFAB4B6EB26DFF9F2B7876DAFD837B95" author="Poorani, J." box="[382,572,486,510]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" pagination="307 - 383" refId="ref8396" refString="Poorani, J. (2002) An annotated checklist of the Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) (excluding Epilachninae) of the Indian Subregion. Oriental Insects, 36, 307 - 383. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.2002.10417335" type="journal article" year="2002">Poorani 2002: 338</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3206514B26DFF9F2A91751AFCF77F60" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2A91751AFB927898" blockId="7.[151,1437,550,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2A91751AFEB5782B" bold="true" box="[151,266,550,576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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||
:
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F2B1D751BFDB2782A" authorityName=": Poorani" authorityYear="2002" box="[283,525,551,577]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2B1D751BFDB2782A" box="[283,525,551,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Phrynocaria funebris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F2818751BFD277829" box="[542,664,551,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Figs. 4a, b</figureCitation>
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) is superficially similar to the fully melanic form of
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F2EFE751BFAC1782B" box="[1272,1406,551,576]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Phrynocaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perrotetti">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2EFE751BFAC1782B" box="[1272,1406,551,576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">P. perrotetti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having black elytra, but the pronotum is yellowish-ochreous with a pair of black maculae on basal margin and a pair of much smaller, obliquely transverse discal markings and the lateral margins of elytra are narrowly ochreous and the male genitalia are diagnostic. It also resembles
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<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F28FA75AEFCF178C7" authorityName="Pope" authorityYear="1989" box="[764,846,658,684]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Synona" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F28FA75AEFCF178C7" box="[764,846,658,684]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Synona</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. in having fully black elytra, but the latter can be distinguished by the semicircularly emarginate clypeal margin and the more convex and broader body outline with a distinct marginal bead. The male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F289675E5FD627898" box="[656,733,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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c–e) are, however, diagnostic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2AC175C1FCF77F60" blockId="7.[151,1437,550,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
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<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2AC175C1FE13797C" bold="true" box="[199,428,765,791]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Brief redescription</emphasis>
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: Form (
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<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F280875C1FD347973" box="[526,651,765,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Figs. 4a, b</figureCitation>
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) broadly rounded, dorsum strongly convex and glabrous. Head and pronotum ochreous, pronotum with a pair of characteristic black maculae on basal margin, not connected, together forming a semicircular median trough, above these a pair of much smaller, obliquely transverse markings; scutellar shield black; elytra dark brown to black, lateral margins narrowly yellowish-ochreous for up to ¾ of elytral length, apically darker. Ventral side yellowish. Head with eyes posteriorly strongly divergent, interocular distance subequal to eye width. Punctures on head irregular, closer and denser next to ocular margins than in middle, interspaces between punctures reticulately sculptured. Pronotum finely punctate, punctures shallowly impressed, separated by 2–4 diameters, interspaces with weak, reticulate sculpture. Elytral disc finely punctate, punctures slightly finer than those on pronotum, separated by 4–6 diameters, interspaces apparently smooth; lateral borders with many coarser punctures mixed with smaller ones. Prothoracic hypomera with prominent foveae on anterolateral corners. Prosternal carinae present. Legs without tibial spurs, tarsal claws appendiculate. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete. Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F2B4F73BAFE287ECB" box="[329,407,1158,1184]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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c–e) as illustrated, penis guide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F28FB73BAFCC97ECA" box="[765,886,1158,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Figs. 4c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
) shorter than parameres, broadest at 2/4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F9BD7B26DFF9F2F3D73BAFAF77EFF" attach="left" box="[1339,1352,1158,1172]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">th</superScript>
|
||
length, narrower at 3/4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F9BD7B26DFF9F2B417396FEEB7ED3" attach="left" box="[327,340,1194,1208]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">th</superScript>
|
||
length, apical 1/4
|
||
<superScript id="7C4F9BD7B26DFF9F28227396FD8E7ED3" attach="left" box="[548,561,1194,1208]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">th</superScript>
|
||
still narrower, apex broadly arcuate with a short blunt projection, outer and apical margins of parameres densely setose. Penis capsule (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13012A1AB26DFF9F292873F1FCC17E83" box="[814,894,1229,1256]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[172,1414,181,1906]" captionTargetId="figure-29@8.[172,1416,181,1943]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Phrynocaria funebris (Crotch), type material (BMNH): a, b) adult male, dorsal view; c–e: male genitalia, c) tegmen, lateral view; d) tegmen, ventral view; e) penis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500748" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4500748/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Fig. 4e</figureCitation>
|
||
) well developed, outer process wider and longer than inner one, robust in the middle, penis apex as illustrated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3206514B26DFF9F2AC17229FD2C7F38" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2AC17229FD2C7F38" blockId="7.[151,1437,550,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2AC17229FE157F44" bold="true" box="[199,426,1301,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Material examined</emphasis>
|
||
: “
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B523CC2B26DFF9F2BC57229FD307F38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3033813307" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" specimenCode="NHMUK014016390" specimenCount="2">
|
||
<typeStatus id="5481883DB26DFF9F2BC57229FE417F44" box="[451,510,1301,1327]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
(red bordered circular label) / Bengalore / Bowring 63.47* /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3A4D1CB26DFF9F2EA97229FF597F38" authority=", Crotch" authorityName=", Crotch" authorityYear="1874" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coelophora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="funebris">Coelophora funebris, Crotch</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="5481883DB26DFF9F2AF77205FE9E7F38" box="[241,289,1337,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">type</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB9C9EE4B26DFF9F2B2C7205FDAA7F38" box="[298,533,1337,1363]" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="Museum">NHMUK014016390</specimenCode>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2BAE5AB26DFF9F282B7205FD387F38" box="[557,647,1337,1363]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3206514B26DFF9F2AC17260FED87FD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="124" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B85369FB26DFF9F2AC17260FED87FD5" blockId="7.[151,1437,550,1470]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94EEA8DB26DFF9F2AC17260FEDC7F1D" bold="true" box="[199,355,1372,1398]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32D760FB26DFF9F2B6C7260FE1B7F1D" box="[362,420,1372,1398]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49FEF87DB26DFF9F2BB57260FD927F1C" box="[435,557,1372,1399]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
). This species was originally described from Bangalore and appears to be rare as it is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="5481883DB26DFF9F2BEE72BDFDA77FF0" box="[488,536,1409,1435]" pageId="7" pageNumber="124">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. We have not seen any corresponding examples in any of the major Indian collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |