250 lines
37 KiB
XML
250 lines
37 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="123D3AA324EAE10CE1DB7C47628D27D8">A systematic revision of the genus Archocentrus (Perciformes: Cichlidae), with the description of two new genera and six new species.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C74BC2F215F8811DA67552ED7A6D7991">Juan J. Schmitter-Soto</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="0DA61C21D9D632CDBCB1383B62E7C3C9">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="FFEBDE168619D201BF711FA703A450DB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248809" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100117425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248809" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FFEBDE168619D201BF711FA703A450DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFEBDE168619D201BF711FA703A450DB" lastPageNumber="68" pageNumber="66">
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<subSubSection id="D8FC974FE608AF2FF8429A24FC92BDA2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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[[ Genus
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<taxonomicName id="45EE714EA1C2655D8586521A4973DD8C" ID-CoL="328M" ID-ENA="61816" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus Gill</taxonomicName>
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]]
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="FDC3B51027E8CDB4220072DB9B61C8A4" pageNumber="3" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D94AC072E4F3DDE67705AA7503C2C303" pageNumber="66">Discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1DCA06B87AA86E0233B45D4792361E02" pageNumber="66">
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The traditional “working diagnosis” of
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<taxonomicName id="6EBF5B863C3AB43186E95D4479278CA0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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was based strongly on meristics, especially on the high number of dorsal and anal fin elements, with formulae D. XVII-XX,8-11 and A. VII-XII,6-9. There have been also morphometric attributes, albeit rather general: the pectoral fin reaching or exceeding the anal fin origin; body somewhat deep; snout short, mouth rather small, maxilla not reaching the orbital rim, neither vertically nor horizontally; teeth in the outer row subequal in size anteriorly in both jaws (
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<bibRefCitation id="1CEC7C2F7A3750438FDFC405885AA7DA" author="Regan, C. T." pageNumber="3" pagination="433 - 445" refId="ref36996" refString="Regan, C. T. (1905) A revision of the fishes of the American cichlid genus Cichlosoma and of the allied genera. Annual Magazine of Natural History, 16, 60 - 77, 225 - 243, 316 - 340, 433 - 445." type="journal article" year="1905">Regan 1905</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8755BCFAF5EFD4DAB9C8EA4063153444" author="Kullander, S. O." pageNumber="3" pagination="149 - 172" refId="ref35926" refString="Kullander, S. O. (1996) Heroina isonycterina, a new genus and species of cichlid fish from Western Amazonia, with comments on cichlasomine systematics. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 7, 149 - 172." type="journal article" year="1996">Kullander 1996</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="FA9B52C29C0691D6B88D8CCD025270C6" author="Greenfield, D. W. & Thomerson, J. E." pageNumber="3" refId="ref35309" refString="Greenfield, D. W. & Thomerson, J. E. (1997) Fishes of the Continental Waters of Belize. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, 311 pp." type="book" year="1997">Greenfield & Thomerson 1997</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="ACEE0AA53349649EE2D6F415633D50B0" author="Miller, R. R. & Minckley, W. L. & Norris, S. M." pageNumber="3" refId="ref36620" refString="Miller, R. R., Minckley, W. L. & Norris, S. M. (2005) Freshwater Fishes of Mexico. Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, & University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 652 pp." type="book" year="2005">Miller et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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). No synapomorphies were known for
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<taxonomicName id="CB3578DB031FBBAAADCF44B80D72B1E1" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DAD83DE21AD1CDC794B05062478B4FC6" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273F29E5-91F4-45BE-8447-659BDE8939E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptoheros</taxonomicName>
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, or
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<taxonomicName id="DFBA8397E88E7A217EEF35E50B0E63DB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
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, but some of these traditionally diagnostic characters have turned out to be synapomorphic, e.g. the number of anal-fin spines for
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<taxonomicName id="E1C7A44133FE2ACAEB3BB38BB9C4BE55" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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; others, as expected, were convergent, e.g. the length of the maxilla (Schmitter-Soto, in press). Still others, such as body depth, are useful for alpha-level taxonomy, but not for phylogeny reconstruction (
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<bibRefCitation id="BC6B8CA10DA1DB19CB025F5D9A3C68A5" author="Zelditch, M. L. & Swiderski, D. L. & Sheets, H. D. & Fink, W. L." pageNumber="3" refId="ref37659" refString="Zelditch, M. L., Swiderski, D. L., Sheets, H. D. & Fink, W. L. (2005) Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists. A Primer. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 443 pp." type="book" year="2005">Zelditch et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E8F712BC35D7719428F7D657D724E0C8" lastPageNumber="67" pageNumber="66">
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<bibRefCitation id="3EDF6D566C4878105B74C3DBF952488D" author="Allgayer, R." pageNumber="3" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref34520" refString="Allgayer, R. (2001) Description d'un genre nouveau, Cryptoheros, d'Amerique Centrale et d'une espece nouvelle du Panama (Pisces: Cichlidae). L’An Cichlide, 1, 13 - 20." type="journal article" year="2001">Allgayer (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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had already expressed the view that
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<taxonomicName id="5B2A9E9DD1767B7053D33378C13C316B" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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should be restricted to
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<taxonomicName id="D2C042259E6256E1AA9A9200C419CFF7" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="centrarchus">Ar. centrarchus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="02DC970AA6CDFA7E7636C1FC0C9C9917" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="spinosissimus">Ar. spinosissimus</taxonomicName>
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.
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<bibRefCitation id="D71DD943478BF052D7EB1AF3D622A798" author="Burgess, W. E." pageNumber="3" pagination="44 - 54" refId="ref34598" refString="Burgess, W. E. (2000) The Cichlasoma story. Herichthys, the break-up. Tropical Fish Hobbyist, 48, 44 - 54." type="journal article" year="2000">Burgess (2000)</bibRefCitation>
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judged that
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<taxonomicName id="7E674F1300073891F5E39DD73FC62569" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multispinosus">Ar. multispinosus</taxonomicName>
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should be added too, and
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<bibRefCitation id="7C474B4A023849DC9443D31088CD5616" author="Allgayer, R." pageNumber="3" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref34520" refString="Allgayer, R. (2001) Description d'un genre nouveau, Cryptoheros, d'Amerique Centrale et d'une espece nouvelle du Panama (Pisces: Cichlidae). L’An Cichlide, 1, 13 - 20." type="journal article" year="2001">Allgayer (2001)</bibRefCitation>
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<pageBreakToken id="76BA4D8BA1DF0CBF059E7317BB77D119" pageNumber="3">himself</pageBreakToken>
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included
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<taxonomicName id="C7063E8521FDF0D073BF4F6EC5A11909" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B9BCDD6-7318-4D82-B13F-E89502F50F24" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Herotilapia Pellegrin 1904:(165) 247" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herotilapia</taxonomicName>
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in his subtribe Archocentrina (=
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<taxonomicName id="E16DC8F3383525803ACFEF172EF2DA96" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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+
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<taxonomicName id="72CBB89630BF1C6B148B49932DEA42E8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Amatitlania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amatitlania</taxonomicName>
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+ [
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<taxonomicName id="D238BCBBB175700A1B1FF9AF77707AD9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273F29E5-91F4-45BE-8447-659BDE8939E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptoheros</taxonomicName>
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without
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<taxonomicName id="913E98D376F816C76D97FDE4D9D25C75" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Cr. panamensis</taxonomicName>
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], a group for which Schmitter-Soto [in press], found no support). This opinion, although only recently published explicitly, is a venerable one:
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<bibRefCitation id="89A87D57A537E59CFF7F4797554EBC72" author="Regan, C. T." pageNumber="3" pagination="455 - 464" refId="ref37046" refString="Regan, C. T. (1908) A collection of freshwater fishes made by Mr. C. F. Underwood in Costa Rica. Annual Magazine of Natural History, 2, 455 - 464." type="journal article" year="1908">Regan (1908)</bibRefCitation>
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called
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<taxonomicName id="C1BEE3DBEECBBE1D0C7E8E0EDF3CBF07" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B9BCDD6-7318-4D82-B13F-E89502F50F24" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Herotilapia Pellegrin 1904:(165) 247" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herotilapia</taxonomicName>
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“evidently closely allied” to
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<taxonomicName id="C690B398D36B7ADB63B7036C3CA626BC" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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. Other authors, e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="A001E7859BFA438FF80A5DF2D11BA99B" author="Bussing, W. A." pageNumber="3" pagination="157 - 175" refId="ref34665" refString="Bussing, W. A. (1976) Geographic distribution of the San Juan ichthyofauna of Central America with remarks on its origin and ecology. In: Thorson, T. B. (Ed.), Investigations of the Ichthyofauna of Nicaraguan Lakes. University of Nebraska, Lincoln, pp. 157 - 175." type="book chapter" year="1976">Bussing (1976)</bibRefCitation>
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, have considered
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<taxonomicName id="C3CED0A82F4F3B68368510001231E4DC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B9BCDD6-7318-4D82-B13F-E89502F50F24" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Herotilapia Pellegrin 1904:(165) 247" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herotilapia</taxonomicName>
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“derived” from
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<taxonomicName id="03E050676BE2A92DE2C9C23B41FBF598" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E62CB1A8517266043079120262662865" pageNumber="67">
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However, most molecular phylogenetic hypotheses (
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<bibRefCitation id="5B77AF228EB3C04C3C7D86A3FF21569A" author="Martin, P. A. & Bermingham, E." pageNumber="3" pagination="192 - 203" refId="ref36305" refString="Martin, P. A. & Bermingham, E. (1998) Systematics and evolution of lower Central American cichlids inferred from analysis of cytochrome b gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, 192 - 203." type="journal article" year="1998">Martin & Bermingham 1998</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="636DDC58E391A23D32656ADCCC72D03A" author="Farias, L. P. & Orti, G. & Sampaio, I. & Schneider, H. & Meyer, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="89 - 103" refId="ref35154" refString="Farias, L. P., Orti, G., Sampaio, I., Schneider, H. & Meyer, A. (2004). The cytochrome b gene as a phylogenetic marker: the limits of resolution for analyzing relationships among cichlid fishes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 53, 89 - 103." type="journal article" year="2004">Farias et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="E4080A74A45A8C192ACF8025D0296AE0" author="Hulsey, C. D. & Garcia de Leon, F. J. & Sanchez Johnson, Y. & Hendrickson, D. A. & Near, T. J." pageNumber="3" pagination="754 - 764" refId="ref35677" refString="Hulsey, C. D., Garcia de Leon, F. J., Sanchez Johnson, Y., Hendrickson, D. A. & Near, T. J. (2004) Temporal diversification of Mesoamerican cichlid fishes across a major biogeographic boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 754 - 764." type="journal article" year="2004">Hulsey et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="13258C000236D160C29894EB316B8013" author="Concheiro Perez, G. A. & Rican, O. & Orti, G. & Bermingham, E. & Doadrio, I. & Zardoya, R." pageNumber="3" pagination="91 - 110" refId="ref34783" refString="Concheiro Perez, G. A., Rican, O., Orti, G., Bermingham, E., Doadrio, I. & Zardoya, R. (2007) Phylogeny and biogeography of 91 species of heroine cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 91 - 110." type="journal article" year="2007">
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Concheiro
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<normalizedToken id="2C89D9431D12D2C8223FF40210D45FF4" originalValue="Pérez" pageNumber="3">Perez</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2007
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</bibRefCitation>
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-all based on the cytochrome b gene) have found
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<taxonomicName id="BC5C8B74116ACBED7C5C305EA9D6F6B8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B9BCDD6-7318-4D82-B13F-E89502F50F24" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Herotilapia Pellegrin 1904:(165) 247" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herotilapia</taxonomicName>
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quite unrelated from
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<taxonomicName id="286B3F0E27890937F6AC79ACABCF9502" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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and allies. A possible explanation for this pattern may lie on the intrinsic limitations of cytochrome b. As stated by
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<bibRefCitation id="7693345683ED70DE2B861700D0630EE5" author="Martin, P. A. & Bermingham, E." pageNumber="3" pagination="192 - 203" refId="ref36305" refString="Martin, P. A. & Bermingham, E. (1998) Systematics and evolution of lower Central American cichlids inferred from analysis of cytochrome b gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, 192 - 203." type="journal article" year="1998">Martin & Bermingham (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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, “ heroine cichlids… are unfortunately refractory to phylogenetic inference using cytochrome b sequences.” Long branches are common in “dwarf” Neotropical cichlids, such as species of
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<taxonomicName id="986A6789C4980D7D4EF38146490C05B0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
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and allies, and the cytochrome b gene presents saturation at third-codon position (
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<bibRefCitation id="BF52AD648B3FD669022786606E65D1BB" author="Farias, L. P. & Orti, G. & Sampaio, I. & Schneider, H. & Meyer, A." pageNumber="3" pagination="89 - 103" refId="ref35154" refString="Farias, L. P., Orti, G., Sampaio, I., Schneider, H. & Meyer, A. (2004). The cytochrome b gene as a phylogenetic marker: the limits of resolution for analyzing relationships among cichlid fishes. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 53, 89 - 103." type="journal article" year="2004">Farias et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). Other genes should provide interesting independent evidence to settle the issue.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E33392DC9996D383B04A05F6EE4FD674" pageNumber="67">
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My understanding of
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<taxonomicName id="F0B7F82B11F4A4E824D119EDC2CDD0A7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273F29E5-91F4-45BE-8447-659BDE8939E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptoheros</taxonomicName>
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diverges from Allgayer’s (2001), who included also what is here called
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<taxonomicName id="B8A65452F634C82706871D1066A497B8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Amatitlania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amatitlania</taxonomicName>
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, and excluded
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<taxonomicName id="72C231382775F2B0A461289F74BFFA2D" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Cr. panamensis</taxonomicName>
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. On the other hand,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0B71929A8B9C3B5351D1D4114599182A" author="Kullander, S. O." pageNumber="3" pagination="605 - 654" refId="ref35967" refString="Kullander, S. O. (2003) Family Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O. & Ferraris, C. J., Jr. (eds.). Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 605 - 654." type="book chapter" year="2003">Kullander (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who did not recognize
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CDEEF4FF98F4AC0E908EE92C8D36C233" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273F29E5-91F4-45BE-8447-659BDE8939E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptoheros</taxonomicName>
|
||
, decided to call this species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42F05604EC810F274CF023E1ED1812C8" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Archocentrus panamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, recognizing that its affinities do not lie with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7E010B456E7968C4ACF6423D8B29E77" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(nor with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E957FC35B14EE0E272B78E835D4444A7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE47DAE2DC879A57A98F56072F2EE27F" family="Cichlidae" genus="Amatitlania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nigrofasciata">Am. nigrofasciata</taxonomicName>
|
||
had been considered a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B8A839CDB54F83507E4D0C1A98E6461" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:273F29E5-91F4-45BE-8447-659BDE8939E2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Cryptoheros Allgayer 2001" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Cryptoheros</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ED8E4A00D00F022B9B7C34BC303011D3" author="Allgayer, R." pageNumber="3" pagination="13 - 20" refId="ref34520" refString="Allgayer, R. (2001) Description d'un genre nouveau, Cryptoheros, d'Amerique Centrale et d'une espece nouvelle du Panama (Pisces: Cichlidae). L’An Cichlide, 1, 13 - 20." type="journal article" year="2001">Allgayer (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and an
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C2E40F048A17382B869A8C1345764ED" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="561F444580AB4183D91659D3B91A17A2" author="Kullander, S. O." pageNumber="3" pagination="605 - 654" refId="ref35967" refString="Kullander, S. O. (2003) Family Cichlidae (Cichlids). In: Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O. & Ferraris, C. J., Jr. (eds.). Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America. Edipucrs, Porto Alegre, pp. 605 - 654." type="book chapter" year="2003">Kullander (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1362830E0EB1AFB2B2A7A65895D1E6AC" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5D2C41968441BA77C6E290ACF49BF53D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
has had a rather unfortunate usage history. Based on a very distinctive but overrated dental character (like the tricuspid teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62C4AA3C5499119BB037A1A48F183B1C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4B9BCDD6-7318-4D82-B13F-E89502F50F24" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herotilapia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Herotilapia Pellegrin 1904:(165) 247" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Herotilapia</taxonomicName>
|
||
), monotypic at first, it became an artificial group with the inclusion of several incisor-toothed cichlids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77ACF939D79A1BF221E90A2A6D51D902" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A6E61CB3-96A1-496F-BF62-312ED4C6D0C2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus carpintis Jordan & Snyder 1899:146" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpintis">
|
||
N. carpintis
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AA8F97139DA79DB6457F7564006B1D65" author="Jordan, D. S. & Snyder, J. O." pageNumber="3" pagination="115 - 147" refId="ref35848" refString="Jordan, D. S. & Snyder, J. O. (1899) Notes on a collection of fishes from the rivers of Mexico, with description of twenty new species. Bulletin of the United States Fisheries Commission 19, 115 - 147." type="journal article" year="1899">Jordan & Snyder, 1899</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4739895BEBA026104E243B792500BD3" family="Cichlidae" genus="Herichthys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carpintis">Herichthys carpintis</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6437E3433BF215F85A6A2C4271E76E23" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:18131267-24B7-479F-824F-C80F8D0703F0" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus bocourti Vaillant & Pellegrin 1902:85 [1]" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocourti">
|
||
N. bocourti
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="47F051FF9F26300691531AB1A568FD50" author="Vaillant, L. & Pellegrin, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="84 - 88" refId="ref37436" refString="Vaillant, L. & Pellegrin, J. (1902) Cichlides nouveaux de l’ Amerique centrale. Bulletin du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8, 84 - 88." type="journal article" year="1902">Vaillant & Pellegrin, 1902</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09D2291507A9301D79132974AFF0E248" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cichlasoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bocourti">‘Cichlasoma’ bocourti</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51BED07EEA89B9D398D3D03B6E05720F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2411EEF8-6445-445C-AFA1-B6C5A08A5161" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus panamensis Meek & Hildebrand 1913:90" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">N. panamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85B2B329B04E470BE35BCDAAACA0B0F6" family="Cichlidae" genus="Cryptoheros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="panamensis">Cr. panamensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Among this assemblage,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="56E7126CA885F30E7D9C0E3184BE6DFF" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nematopus">H. nematopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only species to have incisor teeth as juvenile (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9F55BEA7F9AE211932D57994C3465A28" author="Rogers, W." pageNumber="3" pagination="286 - 296" refId="ref37186" refString="Rogers, W. (1981) Taxonomic status of cichlid fishes of the Central American genus Neetroplus. Copeia, 1981, 286 - 296." type="journal article" year="1981">Rogers 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="141DC0821A48EAFF3F80602B3EE7C21B" pageNumber="67">
|
||
The synonymization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0505BA44FDDD36A0ED80EB58CB7C826" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80528E6-4EC5-48D2-9B49-38E85C7886AF" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Neetroplus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF1EB7F21F5DF5E8128131EA69D28B73" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the disadvantage of obliterating a widely used name (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BE2D52B154063DC32B8B1636950F9F4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6D4EDCB3-9A89-4702-A37B-4B203C5A2EE2" family="Cichlidae" genus="Neetroplus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Neetroplus nematopus Günther 1867:603" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nematopus">Neetroplus nematopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, a classification should also convey information about phylogeny, and this purpose is not served well by recognizing two monotypic sister genera instead of calling their clade by just one generic name. An example of this stance is the synonymization of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="308AFD45A5E37B409BA63613749FE6EF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2F2D5C0-62DA-4FC4-85BE-C3214B17F216" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Garmanella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Garmanella Hubbs 1936:218" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Garmanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C657C67C360D738E26B1A4F16A620DA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CC1B2940-9BCF-4EFE-9D61-98754E8B6AEC" family="Cyprinodontidae" genus="Jordanella" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Jordanella Goode & Bean 1879:117" order="Cyprinodontiformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Jordanella</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cyprinodontidae), in “…the interest of having generic categories define derived groups, rather than recognize individual differences…” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FC49919B13619424456E5C1CDDEAFFED" author="Parenti, L. R." pageNumber="3" pagination="335 - 557" refId="ref36850" refString="Parenti, L. R. (1981) A phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of Cyprinodontiform fishes (Teleostei, Atherinomorpha). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 168, 335 - 557." type="journal article" year="1981">Parenti 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Moreover, the sister-group relationship of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E0CD061FB225108F52841825FF693070" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nicaraguensis">H. nicaraguensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6384076610315B2E611A9800F9172BA" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nematopus">H. nematopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is supported by most proposed phylogenies (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEC4F2ACA8B1F48BB8E1EE93446FE3F" author="Martin, P. A. & Bermingham, E." pageNumber="3" pagination="192 - 203" refId="ref36305" refString="Martin, P. A. & Bermingham, E. (1998) Systematics and evolution of lower Central American cichlids inferred from analysis of cytochrome b gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 9, 192 - 203." type="journal article" year="1998">Martin & Bermingham 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4DB1CC2F8A2154EC7BE596314E1D32D4" author="Hulsey, C. D. & Garcia de Leon, F. J. & Sanchez Johnson, Y. & Hendrickson, D. A. & Near, T. J." pageNumber="3" pagination="754 - 764" refId="ref35677" refString="Hulsey, C. D., Garcia de Leon, F. J., Sanchez Johnson, Y., Hendrickson, D. A. & Near, T. J. (2004) Temporal diversification of Mesoamerican cichlid fishes across a major biogeographic boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 31, 754 - 764." type="journal article" year="2004">Hulsey et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A0CCC0710D2BD12761427286C33C9DBE" author="Concheiro Perez, G. A. & Rican, O. & Orti, G. & Bermingham, E. & Doadrio, I. & Zardoya, R." pageNumber="3" pagination="91 - 110" refId="ref34783" refString="Concheiro Perez, G. A., Rican, O., Orti, G., Bermingham, E., Doadrio, I. & Zardoya, R. (2007) Phylogeny and biogeography of 91 species of heroine cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae) based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 43, 91 - 110." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Concheiro
|
||
<normalizedToken id="72B2E3CD74D5DADE320C670AB4CEC882" originalValue="Pérez" pageNumber="3">Perez</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2C47A91E19EBBC8A76CD2CE1821FAB9" pageNumber="67">
|
||
It should be acknowledged that a classification alternative to the one here proposed, and equally congruent with the phylogeny presented by Schmitter-Soto (in press), might include all species dealt with in this work in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC2DC22AD66DE13550935537189D7C16" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7A9BA3FB-1462-4C73-A40A-F9A660B3AA90" class="Malacostraca" family="Homolidae" genus="Hypsophrys" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hypsophrys Agassiz 1859:408" order="Decapoda" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hypsophrys</taxonomicName>
|
||
(or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E9D135B2B8C604D2F476635B0764BDF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60986D0C-086A-4E68-8914-90992063465B" family="Cichlidae" genus="Amphilophus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Amphilophus Agassiz 1859:408" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Amphilophus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FC26DB6FFFA2241244DA8DBEF37D513A" family="Cichlidae" genus="Parachromis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Parachromis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, all three names having been proposed in the same work, on the same page -
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4D9B784754D3BC4D56D3991ED7785B18" author="Kullander, S. O. & Hartel, K. E." pageNumber="3" pagination="193 - 202" refId="ref36034" refString="Kullander, S. O. & Hartel, K. E. (1997) The systematic status of cichlid genera described by Louis Agassiz in 1859: Amphilophus, Baiodon, Hypsophrys and Parachromis (Teleostei: Cichlidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 7, 193 - 202." type="journal article" year="1997">Kullander & Hartel 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is my opinion, notwithstanding, that the classification proposed here is more informative, and also less disruptive with recent usage. On the other hand, since the aim of this work is to review the species formerly assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE60034228D34DDB398DB894EC157C20" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the choice of taxa was not ideal for such higher level decisions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD4261165EC8F9E9D81C9E6EDB9938D5" lastPageNumber="68" pageNumber="67">
|
||
I follow the Evolutionary Species Concept (ESC). However, the ESC is not an operational concept; to be able to recognize species under the ESC (i.e., every lineage that “maintains its identity from other such lineages and which has its own evolutionary tendencies and historical fate”:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9AEAFFF3CD17755D1EBB51308C8B0996" author="Wiley, E. O." pageNumber="3" pagination="17 - 26" refId="ref37601" refString="Wiley, E. O. (1978) The evolutionary species concept reconsidered. Systematic Zoology, 27, 17 - 26." type="journal article" year="1978">Wiley 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), I applied here both the “autapomorphic” and the “diagnosable” versions of the Phylogenetic Species Concept (PSC) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="524E5B9B1DF5CA75BCD3F8BF924C5F90" author="Mayden, R. L." pageNumber="3" pagination="381 - 424" refId="ref36347" refString="Mayden, R. L. (1997) A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. In: Claridge, M. F., Dawa, H. A. & Wilson, M. R. (Eds.) Species: The Units of Biodiversity. Chapman & Hall, London, 381 - 424." type="book chapter" year="1997">Mayden 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
): every species should display at least one derived character of its own (Rosen 1979), but, if a non-homoplastic (unique) autapomorphy is not found, then “the smallest diagnosable cluster of individual organisms within which there is a [presumed] parental pattern of ancestry and descent” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E7469F79D9C264735A00D2F0B1B53CB8" author="Cracraft, J." pageNumber="3" pagination="159 - 187" refId="ref34942" refString="Cracraft, J. (1983) Species concepts and speciation analysis. Current Ornithology, 1, 159 - 187." type="journal article" year="1983">Cracraft 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is to be recognized as a species. Thus, I agree with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C7B73936BD0566A80391C18369C98091" author="Lucena, C. A. S. & Malabarba, L. R. & Reis, R. E." pageNumber="3" pagination="138 - 146" refId="ref36211" refString="Lucena, C. A. S., Malabarba, L. R. & Reis, R. E. (1992) Resurrection of the Neotropical pimelodid catfish Parapimelodus nigribarbis (Boulenger), with a phylogenetic diagnosis of the genus Parapimelodus (Teleostei: Siluriformes). Copeia, 1992, 138 - 146." type="journal article" year="1992">Lucena et al. (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who point out that “to consider two distinguishable populations
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="BCAD923F42B19518D289366FA3390304" pageNumber="3">as</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a single species [implies] loss of information about phylogeny and biogeography.”
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E5AED9ABAA3C3095851576ED5A482561" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The phylogeny and biogeography of the species formerly assigned to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A071E02DD27F80B6AC6CDD915701F2E5" family="Cichlidae" genus="Archocentrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageNumber="3" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Archocentrus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are discussed by Schmitter-Soto (in press).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |