510 lines
48 KiB
XML
510 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-224-89" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CBEDB01D303E558088A9B775ED5D0A8E" ModsDocID="1314-2003-224-89" checkinTime="1680939035169" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Edquen, Jose D., Arista, Jessy P., Damian, Alexander & Salazar, Gerardo A." docDate="2023" docId="6D5D530B0E7059CAB26324601B812BCE" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 224: 89-99" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 224" docPubDate="2023-04-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654" docTitle="Liparis altomayoënsis Edquén & Arista & Damián & Salazar 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="CBEDB01D303E558088A9B775ED5D0A8E" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="CBEDB01D303E558088A9B775ED5D0A8E" masterDocTitle="A new species of Liparis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxidinae) from the Bosque de Proteccion Alto Mayo, San Martin, Peru" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1680939035169" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of Liparis (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae, Malaxidinae) from the Bosque de Proteccion Alto Mayo, San Martin, Peru</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Edquen, Jose D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3495-422X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Facultad de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Arista, Jessy P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8334-5538</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Facultad de Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Damian, Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-9935</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Herbario KUELAP, Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodriguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Chachapoyas, Amazonas, Peru</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salazar, Gerardo A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5203-5374</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gasc@ib.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>224</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>89</mods:start>
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<mods:end>99</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-224-89</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CBEDB01D303E558088A9B775ED5D0A8E</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D5D530B0E7059CAB26324601B812BCE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6D5D530B0E7059CAB26324601B812BCE" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6D5D530B-0E70-59CA-B263-24601B812BCE" authority="Salazar & Edquén" authorityName="Edquén & Arista & Damián & Salazar" authorityYear="2023" family="Liparidae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis altomayoënsis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis" status="sp. nov.">
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Liparis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
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Salazar &
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Edquén">Edquen</normalizedToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="89">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A plants in habitat (the pen serves as size reference) B column apex from below showing the two pollinaria on the stigmatic cavity C dissection of the perianth D labellum, ventral view E labellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834465" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">, 2</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-06-15" collectorName="Sr. Roner Espinal Gomez, J. D. Edquen" country="Peru" county="Departamento" elevation="1756" latitude="-5.6863003" location="Pardo Miguel Naranjos" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.755325" municipality="Provincia Rioja" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="San Martin" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingCounty>Departamento</collectingCounty>
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<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="San Martin">
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San
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
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</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality>Provincia Rioja</collectingMunicipality>
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, distrito
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D5D530B0E7059CAB26324601B812BCE:8B85FEF12B78BD004A7A96BA5039C8EF" country="Peru" county="Departamento" latitude="-5.6863003" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.755325" municipality="Provincia Rioja" name="Pardo Miguel Naranjos" stateProvince="San Martin">Pardo Miguel Naranjos</location>
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, sector
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D5D530B0E7059CAB26324601B812BCE:7FBE4A5F99C3EF8FA05B177B3E776DBB" country="Peru" county="Departamento" latitude="-5.6863003" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.755325" municipality="Provincia Rioja" name="Venceremos" stateProvince="San Martin">Venceremos</location>
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, camino al terreno del
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<collectorName>
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Sr. Roner Espinal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="10.68" value="-5.6863003">5°41'10.68"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.17" value="-77.755325">77°45'19.17"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7559999999999998" unit="m" value="1756.0">
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7559999999999998" unit="m" value="1756.0">1756 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2022-06-15">15 June 2022</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<collectorName>
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J. D.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Edquén">Edquen</normalizedToken>
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</collectorName>
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6111
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: KUELAP 002579!)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Edquén & Arista & Damián & Salazar" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis altomayoënsis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Liparis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is characterized by the short prostrate rhizomes and upright stems (to 5 and 8 cm long, respectively); 3-6 spirally arranged leaves per stem; leaves petiolate, the blades with strongly undulate, translucent margins and reticulate veining prominent on the upper surface and sunken on the underside. The labellum is slightly wider than long, its base provided at each side with a fleshy, rounded, channeled, erect lobule forming a tunnel with the lower half of the column; basal one-half of labellum provided with a central, rounded cavity limited on each side by a prominent, bilobulate ridge and apically by a lunate ridge; apical one-half of labellum membranaceous, trilobulate, deflexed ca. 90°. (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1F-H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A plants in habitat (the pen serves as size reference) B column apex from below showing the two pollinaria on the stigmatic cavity C dissection of the perianth D labellum, ventral view E labellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834465" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2C-E</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834465" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Edquén & Arista & Damián & Salazar" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis altomayoënsis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Liparis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Edquén">Edquen</normalizedToken>
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6111
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</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">A</emphasis>
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plants in habitat (the pen serves as size reference)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">B</emphasis>
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column apex from below showing the two pollinaria on the stigmatic cavity
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">C</emphasis>
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dissection of the perianth
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">D</emphasis>
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labellum, ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">E</emphasis>
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labellum, dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Terrestrial, decumbent, glabrous
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">herb</emphasis>
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5-15 cm tall including the inflorescence.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Roots</emphasis>
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scarce, dull white, glabrous, arising from the rhizome, up to 15 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Rhizome</emphasis>
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(prostrate portion of the stems) branching, terete, greenish white, each branch formed by several (up to 10) internodes, 2-5 cm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, partially covered by brownish remains of cataphylls; upright portion of the stem 3.5-8 cm long, 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter, formed by 4-6 internodes, these nearly completely covered by the leaf sheaths.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Leaves</emphasis>
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[2-]3-6 per stem, arranged into a spiral, petiolate; petiole (4-)10-14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3-5 mm, semi-tubular, obliquely sheathing the internode; blade 10-25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7-15 mm, ovate, acute to shortly acuminate, margins strongly undulate, translucent, 5-7 main parallel veins and several transverse ones, all veins conspicuously raised on the upper surface and slightly sunken on the underside, excepting the slightly prominent central vein; upper surface glossy dark green, lower surface opaque olive green.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Inflorescence</emphasis>
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terminal, 4-7 cm long; peduncle 20-26 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, with several longitudinal low keels; raceme 2-6 cm long, moderately lax, with 7-20 flowers opening in succession, but most can be open at a time.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Floral bracts</emphasis>
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shorter than the ovaries, divergent from the rachis at flowering, patent at fruiting stage, pale green, lanceolate, acute, 5-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.3-1.5 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Ovary</emphasis>
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spreading, pedicellate, narrowly obconical, convex dorsally, flat ventrally, slightly 3-angled, 6-6.6 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide above the middle; about one half of the length corresponds to the twisted pedicel.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Flowers</emphasis>
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resupinate, pale green with a wine-colored ridge at each side of the central cavity of the labellum.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Sepals</emphasis>
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spreading, with revolute margins, 1-veined; lateral sepals obliquely elliptic, rounded, 3.6-3.7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.6-1.7 mm, dorsal sepal linear-lanceolate, rounded and slightly calyptrate at apex, 4-4.1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.2-1.3 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Petals</emphasis>
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spreading, incurved, linear, slightly falcate, rounded, 4-4.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.5-0.6 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Labellum</emphasis>
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2.6-2.7 mm total length, 2.7-2.8 mm total width when spread out, sessile, 7-veined, in natural position its basal one-half diverging ca. 60° from the column and the apical one-half in turn deflexed ca. 90°; base provided at each side with a fleshy, rounded, channeled, erect lobule forming a tunnel with the lower half of the column; disc fleshy, deeply concave, provided at each side of the cavity with a obliquely triangular, retrorse, rounded lobe ca. 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.8 mm, which has an erect ridge projected towards the apex into an acute, narrowly triangular lobule ca. 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.1 mm; cavity limited apically by a transverse, lunate, rounded to obtuse fleshy ridge; apex membranaceous, trilobulate, the lobules rounded, mid-lobule ca. 0.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.2 mm, lateral lobules much shorter, deflexed in natural position.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Column</emphasis>
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semiterete, clavate, slightly arcuate, lacking auricles, whitish green below the middle, dark green with purplish suffusion near the apex, 1.6-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.7-0.8 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Anther</emphasis>
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apical, incumbent, transverse to the main column axis, whitish, cordiform, emarginate, 2-celled with each cavity partially subdivided in two, ca. 0.2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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0.4 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Pollinaria</emphasis>
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2, each consisting of 2 fused pollinia, yellow, obliquely ovoid, granulose, 0.3-0.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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ca. 0.2 mm.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Capsule</emphasis>
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ascending, ellipsoid, with 6 low longitudinal ribs, to 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5 mm plus a filiform pedicel ca. 4.5 mm long, when mature yellowish brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Flowering recorded in June and July. Capsules in different stages of development were observed from June to October. Mature, empty dehiscent capsules from the previous
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<normalizedToken originalValue="year’s">year's</normalizedToken>
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flowering were observed in mid-May.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
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Known only from sector Venceremos of the BPAM. Terrestrial, in deep leaf mold on steep slopes with wet montane cloud forest on a steep tepui (table mountain) slope dominated by dwarfed trees of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clusia" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Clusia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="L." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L." order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Meriania" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Meriania" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Meriania</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Sw.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" genus="Miconia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Miconia" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Miconia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mart. (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Myrtales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and stands of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chusquea" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Chusquea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kunth (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), at 1750-2160 m a.s.l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The specific epithet refers to the Bosque de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Protección">Proteccion</normalizedToken>
|
||
Alto Mayo, the protected natural area in northeastern Peru where this species was discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="taxonomic notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
We tentatively include the new species in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Decumbentes" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis subsp. section" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Decumbentes">Liparis section Decumbentes</taxonomicName>
|
||
because of its branching, prostrate rhizomes and upright stems bearing several leaves (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, in many other respects it differs from the five previously known species of the section, and its systematic position will have to be revised when material suitable for molecular analysis is available. Vegetatively,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. altomayoënsis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other species of section
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Decumbentes">Liparis Decumbentes</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its comparatively short, upward stems bearing only a few (3-6) spirally arranged leaves with strongly undulate, translucent margins and reticulate veining, with the veins prominent on the upper surface and sunken on the underside (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Florally, the most distinguishing feature of the new species is the unusual morphology of the labellum, which is slightly wider than long. The basal one-half of the labellum is fleshy, diverges from the column about 60° and has a retrose lobe on each side and a central, rounded cavity limited on each side and the apex by prominent ridges; the apical one-half of the labellum is membranaceous, deflexed ca. 90° with respect to the basal one-half, and 3-lobulate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral labellum ridges consist of a proximal, retrorse, obtuse lobule and a forwardly projecting, narrowly triangular distal lobule. The apical ridge limiting the cavity is unlobed, lunate, and rounded or obtuse. The column is semiterete, clavate, slightly arcuate, lacking auricles and the anther is terminal, transverse to the main axis of the column (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1E, I-K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The features allowing for the distinction of the six species hitherto known of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Decumbentes" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. subsp. section" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Decumbentes">L. section Decumbentes</taxonomicName>
|
||
are highlighted in the key (see below).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="reproductive biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Reproductive biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Unlike other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Decumbentes" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis subsp. section" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Decumbentes">Liparis section Decumbentes</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which fruit production seems to be very rare (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.146.47229" author="Damian, A" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="37 - 46" refId="B6" refString="Damian, A, Salazar, GA, Rimarachin, L, 2020. A new species and a new record of Liparis sect. Decumbentes (Malaxidinae; Orchidaceae) from Peru. PhytoKeys 146: 37 - 46, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.146.47229" title="A new species and a new record of Liparis sect. Decumbentes (Malaxidinae; Orchidaceae) from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.146.47229" volume="146" year="2020">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Damián">Damian</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2999" author="Salazar, GA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="506 - 514" refId="B14" refString="Salazar, GA, Edquen, JD, Trujillo, D, 2022. Liparis inaudita (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae), a new species from the Bosque de Proteccion Alto Mayo, San Martin, Peru. Botanical Sciences 100 (2): 506 - 514, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2999" title="Liparis inaudita (Orchidaceae, Malaxidinae), a new species from the Bosque de Proteccion Alto Mayo, San Martin, Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.17129/botsci.2999" volume="100" year="2022">Salazar et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a surprisingly high percentage (⁓50-100%) of flowers of the plants of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. altomayoënsis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we examined were developing into a fruit (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A habit B flowering stem C leaves D infructescence E floral bract F flower from front G flower from side H perianth dissection I column, dorsal view J column, lateral view K column, ventral view L anther M developing capsule." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834464" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A plants in habitat (the pen serves as size reference) B column apex from below showing the two pollinaria on the stigmatic cavity C dissection of the perianth D labellum, ventral view E labellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834465" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Such high frequency of fruit formation is similar to that recorded in self-pollinating populations of other, distantly related species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Liparis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as eastern Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kumokiri" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kumokiri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">L. kumokiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
F.Maek. of section
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Liparis" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Liparis">Liparis Liparis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Oh et al. 2001). We were unable to verify in the field possible evidence of self-pollination, but we could not remove the pollinaria of several fresh flowers examined and photographed
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">in situ</emphasis>
|
||
, and subsequent examination of the columns of six alcohol-preserved flowers under a stereomicroscope revealed that, in two of them, the two pollinaria were in contact with the stigmatic cavity, as if they had rotated downwards with the rostellum acting as a sort of hinge (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Liparis altomayoensis (from Edquen 6111) A plants in habitat (the pen serves as size reference) B column apex from below showing the two pollinaria on the stigmatic cavity C dissection of the perianth D labellum, ventral view E labellum, dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.224.98654.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/834465" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). A similar rotation of the pollinaria to contact the stigma has been suggested as a mechanism of self-pollination, probably promoted by the dislodgement of the anther by raindrops, in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Liparis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. loeselii" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="loeselii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">L. loeselii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="L." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L." order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Rich. in eastern North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484083" author="Catling, PM" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="525 - 529" refId="B3" refString="Catling, PM, 1980. Rain-assisted autogamy in Liparis loeselii (L.) L. C. Rich. (Orchidaceae). Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 107 (4): 525 - 529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2484083" title="Rain-assisted autogamy in Liparis loeselii (L.) L. C. Rich. (Orchidaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2484083" volume="107" year="1980">Catling 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. kumokiri" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kumokiri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">L. kumokiri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Japan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2683" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B16" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2019. Rain-triggered self-pollination in Liparis kumokiri, an orchid that blooms during the rainy season. Ecology 100(7): e02683. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2683" title="Rain-triggered self-pollination in Liparis kumokiri, an orchid that blooms during the rainy season. Ecology 100 (7): e 02683." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2683" year="2019">Suetsugu 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Facultative autonomous self-pollination resulting from rotation of the pollinarium such that the pollinia contact the stigma has been recorded in some populations of species of other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Epidendroideae">Epidendroideae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Eulophia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eulophia alta" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alta">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Eulophia alta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="L." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L." order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">L.</taxonomicName>
|
||
) Fawc. & Rendle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Goss, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Papers in Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A10427" refId="B9" refString="Goss, GJ, 1973. Pollination biology in the Orchidaceae: Polystachya flavescens, Epidendrum difforme, and Eulophia alta from south Florida; Encyclia gracilis, Encyclia altissima, and Encyclia rufa from Great Inagua, Bahamas. MsC Thesis. Florida Atlantic University, USA. http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A10427" title="Pollination biology in the Orchidaceae: Polystachya flavescens, Epidendrum difforme, and Eulophia alta from south Florida; Encyclia gracilis, Encyclia altissima, and Encyclia rufa from Great Inagua, Bahamas. MsC Thesis. Florida Atlantic University, USA." url="http://fau.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fau%3A10427" year="1973">Goss 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; G.A. Salazar, pers. obs.),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Eulophia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eulophia maculata" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Eulophia maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lindl.) Rchb.f. (as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Oeceoclades" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oeceoclades maculata" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maculata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Oeceoclades maculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Lindl.) Lindl.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00330.x" author="Aguiar, JMRBV" journalOrPublisher="Plant Species Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="86 - 95" refId="B1" refString="Aguiar, JMRBV, Pansarin, LM, Ackerman, JD, Pansarin, ER, 2012. Biotic versus abiotic pollination in Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae). Plant Species Biology 27 (1): 86 - 95, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00330.x" title="Biotic versus abiotic pollination in Oeceoclades maculata (Lindl.) Lindl. (Orchidaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2011.00330.x" volume="27" year="2012">Aguiar et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 4), and various species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Corallorhiza" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corallorhiza" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Corallorhiza</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Gagn. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Catling, PM" editor="Arditti, J" journalOrPublisher="Timber Press, Portland" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="121 - 158" refId="B4" refString="Catling, PM, 1990. Auto-pollination in the Orchidaceae. In: Arditti, J, Ed., Orchid Biology, Reviews and Perspectives, V. Timber Press, Portland: 121 - 158" title="Auto-pollination in the Orchidaceae." volumeTitle="Orchid Biology, Reviews and Perspectives, V." year="1990">Catling 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and references therein;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Freudenstein, JV" journalOrPublisher="Harvard Papers in Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="5 - 51" publicationUrl="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41761525#metadata_info_tab_contents" refId="B7" refString="Freudenstein, JV, 1997. A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae). Harvard Papers in Botany 1: 5 - 51, https://www.jstor.org/stable/41761525#metadata_info_tab_contents" title="A monograph of Corallorhiza (Orchidaceae)." url="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41761525#metadata_info_tab_contents" volume="1" year="1997">Freudenstein 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; G. A. Salazar pers. obs.). Hence, there is a possibility that at least some of the many capsules observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. altomayoënsis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may have resulted from self-pollination by the spontaneous rotation of the pollinaria. However, in fresh flowers of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. altomayoënsis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the labellum is distinctive glossy, especially the raised borders of the basal cavity and the bottom of the cavity itself, suggesting nectar mimicking, as proposed for other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Liparis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
having a glossy central band along the labellum (Oh et al. 2001). We were unable to verify whether the cavity contains nectar, which has been shown to be present at least in small quantities in some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Liparis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Margonska, HB" journalOrPublisher="Wulfenia" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" pagination="195 - 207" publicationUrl="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Wulfenia_26_0195-0207.pdf" refId="B11" refString="Margonska, HB, Narajczyk, N, Luszczek, D, Lipinska, MM, 2019. Liparis stricklandiana (Orchidaceae, Liparidinae) - a morphological study of flower structures in the context of pollination processes. Wulfenia 26: 195 - 207, https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Wulfenia_26_0195-0207.pdf" title="Liparis stricklandiana (Orchidaceae, Liparidinae) - a morphological study of flower structures in the context of pollination processes." url="https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Wulfenia_26_0195-0207.pdf" volume="26" year="2019">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Margońska">Margonska</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2683" author="Suetsugu, K" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" refId="B16" refString="Suetsugu, K, 2019. Rain-triggered self-pollination in Liparis kumokiri, an orchid that blooms during the rainy season. Ecology 100(7): e02683. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2683" title="Rain-triggered self-pollination in Liparis kumokiri, an orchid that blooms during the rainy season. Ecology 100 (7): e 02683." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2683" year="2019">Suetsugu 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The presence of nectar or a nectar-mimicking glossy surface are suggestive of visitation and probable cross-pollination mediated by insects. At the present time, it is not clear whether the high fruit set observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. altomayoënsis" order="Asparagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
L.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the result of self-pollination, pollinator-mediated cross pollination, or both, and the factors underlying its high success in setting fruit will have to be clarified by carefully designed field and laboratory experiments.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="conservation assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The BPAM was established in 1987 by the Peruvian government to protect the water sources for agriculture, industrial use, and human consumption in the valley of the Upper Mayo River, as well as to conserve the fauna and flora (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salazar, GA" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" publicationUrl="https://www.sernanp.gob.pe/alto-mayo" refId="B15" refString="2023. . https://www.sernanp.gob.pe/alto-mayo" url="https://www.sernanp.gob.pe/alto-mayo" year="2023">
|
||
Servicio Nacional de
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Áreas">Areas</normalizedToken>
|
||
Naturales Protegidas por el Estado 2023
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It encompasses 182,000 ha of rugged mountainous terrain on the eastern (Amazonian) slope of the Andes in the northwestern portion of the Department San
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Martín">Martin</normalizedToken>
|
||
and adjacent areas of Departments Amazonas and Loreto (ca. 5.4°-6.2°S, 77.2-77.8°W), covering an elevation interval from ca. 900 to 3800 m a.s.l. The vegetation includes wet lower montane forest, montane rain/cloud forest, and high-elevation grassland.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Edquén & Arista & Damián & Salazar" authorityYear="2023" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" genus="Liparis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Liparis altomayoënsis" order="Scorpaeniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="89" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="altomayoënsis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Liparis
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="altomayoënsis">altomayoensis</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from three stands (populations) of various dozen plants located on the northwestern portion of the BPAM (sector Venceremos) on a steep tepui slope. There were no signs of human alteration or potential risk factors to the populations, which are under legal protection within the BPAM. Moreover, there are large expanses of potentially suitable habitat that remain to be explored, which suggests that this species is not an immediate conservation concern, as long as its habitat remains unaltered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2022-05-17" collectingDateMax="2022-07-04" collectingDateMin="2022-05-17" collectorName="J. D. Edquen" country="Peru" elevation="2090" latitude="-5.7118692" location="As" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.74222" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="type">
|
||
<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6D5D530B0E7059CAB26324601B812BCE:EE9651AEDCDAB978649B71D24E2DEC4A" country="Peru" latitude="-5.7118692" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-77.74222" name="As">As</location>
|
||
the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="41.55" value="-5.7115417">5°42'41.55"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="19.54" value="-77.738754">77°44'19.54"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.09" unit="m" value="2090.0">2090 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2022-05-17">17 May 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
J. D.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Edquén">Edquen</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
6101
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(KUELAP!); as the
|
||
<typeStatus>type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="south" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.73" value="-5.7118692">5°42'42.73"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="31.99" value="-77.74222">77°44'31.99"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" unit="m" value="2160.0">
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.16" unit="m" value="2160.0">2160 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingDate value="2022-07-04">4 July 2022</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<collectorName>
|
||
J. D.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Edquén">Edquen</normalizedToken>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
6421
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(KUELAP!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |