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<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7801028" ID-ZooBank="2B1317DB-B3DE-47DF-9DE9-D884A884ECC3" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1680677740972" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Brown, John W., Aarvik, Leif &amp; Timm, Alicia" docDate="2023" docId="372887D33E604A31EEF0FB6CAA20FEAB" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5263.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5263 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gibbalaria occidentana Brown and Aarvik 2023, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="227" masterDocId="CB11FFAB3E684A3BEE67FF9FAF69FFCE" masterDocTitle="Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff" masterLastPageNumber="239" masterPageNumber="217" pageNumber="225" updateTime="1680678250757" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Gibbalaria: A new genus of Olethreutini from the Afrotropical Region (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Olethreutinae), and a new combination in Cosmopoda Diakonoff</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Brown, John W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-5610-9855</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA. tortricidae. jwb @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 5610 - 9855</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">tortricidae.jwb@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Aarvik, Leif</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1172 Blindern NO- 0318 Oslo, Norway.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Timm, Alicia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2023-04-05</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>5263</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>217</mods:start>
<mods:end>239</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5263.2.3</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7801028</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">2B1317DB-B3DE-47DF-9DE9-D884A884ECC3</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7800998" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7800998" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E604A31EEF0FB6CAA20FEAB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/372887D33E604A31EEF0FB6CAA20FEAB" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<subSubSection box="[151,834,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,834,1267,1330]" box="[151,834,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<heading bold="true" box="[151,834,1267,1294]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" reason="1">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,834,1267,1294]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<taxonomicName authority="Brown and Aarvik" authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,677,1267,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana" status="new species">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,436,1267,1294]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Gibbalaria occidentana</emphasis>
Brown and Aarvik
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[690,834,1267,1293]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,332,1303,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,834,1267,1330]" box="[151,332,1303,1330]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<figureCitation box="[151,250,1303,1330]" captionStart="FIGURES 3‒10" captionStartId="9.[152,270,1885,1909]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,417,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-111@9.[160,1427,417,1862]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 3‒10. Adults of Gibbalaria. 3. G. divergana holotype female; 4. G. chiloanei holotype male; 5. G. occidentana paratype female; 6. G. occidentana holotype male; 7. G. occidentana paratype female; 8. G. longiphallus holotype male; 9. G. mabalingwae holotype male; 10. G. scabellana male, South Africa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801035/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Figs 6, 7</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[262,292,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 19‒24" captionStartId="13.[152,270,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[156,1415,181,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[156,1432,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 19‒24. Male genitalia of Gibbalaria. 19. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,608; 20. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,619 (HT); 21. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,615 (PT); 22. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,616; 23. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,603; 24. G. longiphallus, Bassi slide 6441(HT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[304,332,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURES 30‒35" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 30‒35. Female genitalia of Gibbalaria. 30. G. divergana, USNM slide 145.609; 31. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,620; 32. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,979; 33. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,801; 34. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,652; 35. G. bagamoyo, NHMO slide 4116." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801043/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">31</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1375,2014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,266,1375,1401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[283,554,1375,1401]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[283,554,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Gibbalaria occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has about the same forewing length as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1016,1166,1375,1402]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[1016,1166,1375,1402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and is slightly smaller and darker than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[332,470,1411,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[332,470,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[728,899,1411,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[728,899,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1298,1436,1411,1438]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[1298,1436,1411,1438]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the size of the rounded-triangular flange at base of cucullus (distal end of sacculus), which is broader in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the configuration of the associated patch of long setae at the base of the flange, which extends beyond the width of the short flange in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[605,744,1519,1546]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[605,744,1519,1546]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but does not extending beyond the width of the flange in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The female genitalia of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[567,737,1555,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[567,737,1555,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are very similar to those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1049,1195,1555,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[1049,1195,1555,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1249,1387,1555,1582]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[1249,1387,1555,1582]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but the signum lacks the small tooth present in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[628,773,1591,1618]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[628,773,1591,1618]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">G. divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the lobe-like diverticulum of the ductus bursae is more square than round and lobe-like.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="227" pageId="8" pageNumber="225" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,1375,2014]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,151,393]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="226" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1663,1689]" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Description</emphasis>
. Head: As described for genus. Thorax: As described for genus; forewing length 7.0 mm (n = 2); male hindwing lacking patch of secondary scales on ventral surface. Abdomen: Male genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[1218,1299,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 19‒24" captionStartId="13.[152,270,1660,1684]" captionTargetBox="[156,1415,181,1637]" captionTargetId="figure-18@13.[156,1432,181,1637]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 19‒24. Male genitalia of Gibbalaria. 19. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,608; 20. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,619 (HT); 21. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,615 (PT); 22. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,616; 23. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,603; 24. G. longiphallus, Bassi slide 6441(HT)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801039/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
) with uncus distinctly differentiated from top of tegumen, slightly narrowed subbasally to about 0.75 its distal width, with apical portion bearing a few long, fine setae from venter; top of tegumen somewhat rounded; socii ill defined, fused to margin of tegumen; valva broad basally, abruptly narrowed at middle, distal 0.5 nearly uniform in width, somewhat long-rectangular, rounded apically; costa of valva with distinct subtriangular basal process bearing three slender spines; rounded-triangular flange at base of cucullus (distal end of sacculus) bearing one large socketed spine and patch of long, fine, copper-colored setae, with patch confined to valva immediately adjacent flange; second patch of similar setae midway between base and termination of sacculus; phallus as described for genus, vesica with two thorn-like, non-deciduous cornuti. Female genitalia (
<figureCitation box="[738,818,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURES 30‒35" captionStartId="18.[152,270,1921,1945]" captionTargetBox="[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetId="figure-27@18.[167,1421,181,1896]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURES 30‒35. Female genitalia of Gibbalaria. 30. G. divergana, USNM slide 145.609; 31. G. occidentana, USNM slide 145,620; 32. G. chiloanei, USNM slide 145,979; 33. G. scabellana, USNM slide 144,801; 34. G. scabellana, USNM slide 145,652; 35. G. bagamoyo, NHMO slide 4116." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801043/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="225">Fig. 31</figureCitation>
) as described for genus; sterigma a semicircular shieldlike plate, antrum with nearly straight posterior edge (= ostium), bifurcate anteriorly; ductus bursae membranous, about as long as corpus bursae, with characteristic small diverticulum immediately anterad of antrum on left side; corpus bursae rounded-oblong; signum a small, coarsely reticulated area with a very shallow pocket; anterior end of corpus bursae narrowed, rounded-triangular.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,151,393]" box="[199,1090,294,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,372,294,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">DNA barcodes</emphasis>
. Neither the
<typeStatus box="[518,616,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">holotype</typeStatus>
nor
<typeStatus box="[668,764,295,321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">paratype</typeStatus>
yielded DNA sequence data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1436,151,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,276,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">Types.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-03-16" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="M. Davis" country="South Africa" elevation="175" location="Brackenhill Falls" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[285,389,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">Holotype</typeStatus>
♁,
<collectingCountry box="[435,581,331,357]" name="South Africa" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">South Africa</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion box="[594,862,331,357]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
, above
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E604A31EEF0FB6CAA20FEAB:BA5E601E3E614A32EDDFFED4AB15FEAB" box="[952,1148,331,357]" country="South Africa" name="Brackenhill Falls" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" stateProvince="Western Cape">Brackenhill Falls</location>
,
<locationDeviation box="[1162,1343,331,357]" location="Knysna" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">
<quantity box="[1162,1220,331,357]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
E Knysna
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity box="[1357,1431,330,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="175.0">
<elevation box="[1357,1431,330,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, eucalyptus litter,
<date box="[344,491,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" value="1978-03-16">
<collectingDate box="[344,491,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" value="1978-03-16">16 Mar 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[502,609,367,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">M. Davis</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode box="[621,702,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
slide 145,608 (
<collectionCode box="[874,961,367,393]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7801035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7801035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7801035/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" startId="9.[152,270,1885,1909]" targetBox="[160,1427,417,1861]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,1885,1982]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,336,1885,1909]" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">FIGURES 3‒10.</emphasis>
Adults of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[449,562,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[449,562,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">Gibbalaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 3.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[604,738,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergana">
<emphasis box="[604,738,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. divergana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype female; 4.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[955,1082,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiloanei">
<emphasis box="[955,1082,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. chiloanei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype male; 5.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1279,1436,1886,1910]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[1279,1436,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paratype female; 6.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[353,509,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[353,509,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype male; 7.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[699,854,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="occidentana">
<emphasis box="[699,854,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. occidentana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
paratype female; 8.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Brown and Aarvik" authorityYear="2023" box="[1063,1221,1922,1946]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiphallus">
<emphasis box="[1063,1221,1922,1946]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. longiphallus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype male; 9.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Razowski" authorityYear="2008" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Gibbalaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mabalingwae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. mabalingwae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype male; 10.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Zeller" authorityYear="1852" box="[490,631,1958,1982]" class="Insecta" family="Tortricidae" genus="Sericoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="226" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scabellana">
<emphasis box="[490,631,1958,1982]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="226">G. scabellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
male, South Africa.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1978-03-15" collectingDateMax="1978-03-16" collectingDateMin="1978-03-15" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="D. &amp; M. Davis &amp; B. Akerbergs" country="South Africa" elevation="175" location="Brackenhill Falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[199,297,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">Paratype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount box="[318,351,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
).
<collectingCountry box="[376,525,151,177]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">South Africa</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion box="[537,808,151,177]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:372887D33E604A31EEF0FB6CAA20FEAB:BA5E601E3E624A31ED52FF08AC90FF7F" box="[821,1017,151,177]" country="South Africa" name="Brackenhill Falls" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" stateProvince="Western Cape">Brackenhill Falls</location>
,
<locationDeviation box="[1031,1214,151,177]" location="Knysna" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">
<quantity box="[1031,1090,151,177]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" unit="km" value="9.0">9 km</quantity>
E Knysna
</locationDeviation>
,
<quantity box="[1227,1302,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="175.0">
<elevation box="[1227,1302,150,177]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, eucalyptus litter,
<date box="[217,407,186,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" value="1978-03-15" valueMax="1978-03-16" valueMin="1978-03-15">
<collectingDate box="[217,407,186,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" value="1978-03-15" valueMax="1978-03-16" valueMin="1978-03-15">15–16 Mar 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[418,584,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">D. &amp; M. Davis</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[621,771,187,213]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">B. Akerbergs</collectorName>
,
<collectionCode box="[782,863,187,213]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
slide 145,620 (USNM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="227" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,150,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,345,222,248]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">Distribution</emphasis>
. This species is known only from near Knysna at the eastern edge of the
<collectingRegion box="[1173,1437,223,249]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">Western Cape Province</collectingRegion>
of
<collectingCountry box="[183,329,259,285]" name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, at an elevation of
<quantity box="[546,620,258,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" unit="m" value="175.0">175 m</quantity>
, the lowest elevation records from the genus. Specimens were collected in March (n = 2).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[199,1353,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1437,150,357]" box="[199,1353,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,328,331,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="227">Etymology</emphasis>
. The Latin “occidentalis” means west, and refers to the western distribution of this species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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