380 lines
36 KiB
XML
380 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245" ID-GBIF-Dataset="71bbf3b9-a613-49cc-8971-e04a31a448b8" ID-PMC="PMC8222211" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1044-41" ID-Pensoft-UUID="535A79F3B89F5699A71E2B83B65C4C21" ID-PubMed="34183875" ID-ZooBank="C6AE8C5BC5D64A09A26E00FAADBF86E1" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1044-41" checkinTime="1623875478834" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kavanaugh, David H., Maddison, David R., Simison, W. Brian, Schoville, Sean D., Schmidt, Joachim, Faille, Arnaud, Moore, Wendy, Pflug, James M., Archambeault, Sophie L., Hoang, Tinya & Chen, Jei-Ying" docDate="2021" docId="6F8FB7FBDD9C5589AD6BE214F38A097F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1044: 41-152" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1044" docPubDate="2021-06-16" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245" docTitle="Nebria (Neaptenonebria) Kavanaugh 2021, subgen. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="5CEF95B0-A9A1-48D3-A718-933B50FA7237" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="535A79F3B89F5699A71E2B83B65C4C21" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="535A79F3B89F5699A71E2B83B65C4C21" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data" masterLastPageNumber="152" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1668150468173" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogeny of the supertribe Nebriitae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) based on analyses of DNA sequence data</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kavanaugh, David H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dkavanaugh@calacademy.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Maddison, David R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-3824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Simison, W. Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schoville, Sean D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7364-434X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Joachim</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Biosciences, University of Rostock, Universitaetsplatz 2, D- 18055 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Faille, Arnaud</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Coleoptera, Stuttgart State Museum of Natural History, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moore, Wendy</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-6203</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 - 0036, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pflug, James M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Archambeault, Sophie L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA & University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall # 3200, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hoang, Tinya</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Jei-Ying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA & University of California, Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, 117 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-06-16</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1044</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>41</mods:start>
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<mods:end>152</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62245</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1044-41</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">C6AE8C5BC5D64A09A26E00FAADBF86E1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">535A79F3B89F5699A71E2B83B65C4C21</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182754134" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5CEF95B0-A9A1-48D3-A718-933B50FA7237" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6F8FB7FBDD9C5589AD6BE214F38A097F" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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Subgenus
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/5CEF95B0-A9A1-48D3-A718-933B50FA7237" authority="Kavanaugh," authorityName="Kavanaugh" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria (Neaptenonebria)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" status="subgen. nov." subGenus="Neaptenonebria">Nebria Neaptenonebria Kavanaugh,</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="41">subgen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen, 2021" authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis" status="subgen. nov.">Nebria ovipennis</taxonomicName>
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= "
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<taxonomicName authority="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen, 2021" authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis" status="subgen. nov.">Nebria ovipennis</taxonomicName>
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group" (in part) sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Lindroth, CH" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of a symposium (28 August, 1996, Florence, Italy). XX International Congress of Entomology. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" refId="B127" refString="Lindroth, CH, 1961. The ground-beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 2. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum No.20: 1-200." title="The ground-beetles (Carabidae, excl. Cicindelinae) of Canada and Alaska. Part 2. Opuscula Entomologica Supplementum No. 20: 1 - 200." year="1961">Lindroth 1961</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName authority="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen, 2021" authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="subgen. nov.">Catonebria</taxonomicName>
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Shilenkov, 1975 (in part); = "
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<taxonomicName authority="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen, 2021" authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria kincaidi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kincaidi" status="subgen. nov.">Nebria kincaidi</taxonomicName>
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group" sensu
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<bibRefCitation author="Ledoux, G" journalOrPublisher="Museum - Centre de Conservation et d'Etude des Collections et Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" refId="B121" refString="Ledoux, G, Roux, P, 2005. Nebria (Coleoptera, Nebriidae). Faune mondiale. Museum - Centre de Conservation et d'Etude des Collections et Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Lyon" title="Nebria (Coleoptera, Nebriidae). Faune mondiale." year="2005">Ledoux and Roux 2005</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria ovipennis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ovipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria ovipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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LeConte, 1878:477, by present designation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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Body size small to medium, SBL = 9.4 to 12.8 mm. Head width medium or slightly to markedly broadened, not constricted behind eyes; vertex with a pair of paramedial pale spots on vertex and one pair of supraorbital setae. Eyes moderate in size or slightly reduced, moderately convex. Antennae slightly to moderately elongate; antennal scape with one subapicodorsal seta; antennomeres 3 and 4 not laterally compressed, without extra setae. Labrum with three pairs of apical setae. Maxillary stipes typical for genus, with setae inserted flush on smooth surface. Penultimate labial palpomere with three setae (except only two present in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria carri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria carri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kavanaugh, 1979 specimens). Pronotum markedly to extremely cordate in dorsal aspect, with lateral margination faintly impressed and slightly narrow at middle; one midlateral seta and one basolateral seta present on each side (except basolateral setae absent from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. carri" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="carri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. carri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria balli" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria balli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Kavanaugh, 1979 and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria kincaidi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kincaidi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria kincaidi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Schwarz, 1900 specimens). Elytral intervals smooth, moderately convex, without macrosculpture; elytral interval 3 with two to seven setiferous pores, interval 5 with zero or one setiferous pore, and interval 7 with zero to two or more setiferous pores; umbilicate series comprised of from ten to 17 setae; intervals bearing setae faintly to moderately catenate. Hindwings reduced to short, slender strap-like vestiges. Metasternum very markedly to extremely short. Metepisterna smooth, impunctate. Protarsomeres 1-3 expanded in males (except all five tarsomeres expanded in males from some populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ovipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="ovipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. ovipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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LeConte, 1878); mesotarsomeres 2-4 longer than their apical width (except expanded in specimens from some populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ovipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="ovipennis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. ovipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); tarsi dorsally glabrous. Abdominal sternites IV-VI with from one (seen only in some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. balli" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="balli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. balli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) to five or more pairs of posterior paramedial setae and with from zero to five pairs of posterior paralateral setae; sternite VII with one pair of paramedial apical setae in males, two pairs in females. Median lobe of male aedeagus sclerotized dorsally at least to midlength on shaft, symmetrical to slightly deflected right in dorsal aspect; basal bulb expanded, quadrate, broadly open basally and closed dorsally, without a sagittal aileron present at base or with only a lightly sclerotized collar; mid-shaft parallel-sided in lateral aspect, slightly to moderately compressed in cross-section, with right lateral face with a distinctly and deeply invaginated pouch; apical orifice extremely deflected right. Right paramere narrow and slightly shortened. Female hemisternites VIII with basal apodeme very deeply emarginated. Female valvifer without vestiture; gonopods VIII fused to dorsomedial bases of gonocoxae; gonocoxae with ventral diagonal row of setiform setae and mediodorsal row of setae present, mediodorsal row oriented obliquely relative to longitudinal axis of gonocoxa. Bursa copulatrix without dorsal sclerites in vestibular chamber and without a posterodorsal extension from its longitudinal axis in lateral aspect; spermathecal chamber broadly cordate in dorsal aspect, without dorsal sclerites (in most species) or with a simple flat plate on dorsal surface of an accessory lobe (in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. kincaidi" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="kincaidi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. kincaidi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. balli" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="balli">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. balli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); spermathecal duct medium to slightly short in length and of uniform diameter throughout or nearly so, inserted basodorsally on spermathecal chamber or on a dorsal accessory lobe of that chamber; spermathecal duct slightly short to medium length; spermathecal reservoir of medium length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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The subgeneric epithet is a noun of feminine gender and combination of the Greek word,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">neos</emphasis>
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, meaning new, in reference to the Nearctic (New World) distribution of the group, the Greek word,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">aptenos</emphasis>
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, meaning unable to fly, and the genus name,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in reference to the observation that all known members of this clade have extremely reduced hindwings incapable of supporting flight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
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Members of this group are easily identified as members of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Complex using the
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<bibRefCitation author="Ledoux, G" journalOrPublisher="Museum - Centre de Conservation et d'Etude des Collections et Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Lyon" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" refId="B121" refString="Ledoux, G, Roux, P, 2005. Nebria (Coleoptera, Nebriidae). Faune mondiale. Museum - Centre de Conservation et d'Etude des Collections et Societe Linneenne de Lyon, Lyon" title="Nebria (Coleoptera, Nebriidae). Faune mondiale." year="2005">
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Ledoux and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Roux’s">Roux's</normalizedToken>
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(2005)
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</bibRefCitation>
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key to subgenera. Features that distinguish them from members of subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria (Nivalonebria)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Nivalonebria">Neaptenonebria Nivalonebria</taxonomicName>
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have been discussed above for that taxon. We have not yet identified any external morphological feature that consistently and satisfactorily distinguishes all members of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
members. The hindwings are more highly reduced (to short, slender strap-like vestiges) in all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
members than in any
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
member. The most highly reduced hindwings seen among
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Horvatovich" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria pektusanica" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pektusanica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria pektusanica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Horvatovich, 1973) from Changbei Shan (named Mt. Pektusan in North Korea), and they are short and lobate with some recognizable venation present. Features associated with wing loss in carabids, especially
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, are poor indicators of relationship, but they can still serve to aid identification. Internally,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males have the right paramere of the aedeagus narrowed and slightly shorter than is typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males, including those of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the difference is not dramatic. All males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have the right lateral face of the mid-shaft region of the aedeagal median lobe with a distinct longitudinal groove, the basal end of which is invaginated as a moderately (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ovipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="ovipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. ovipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males) to deeply invaginated and basally-directed pouch (as in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. carri" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="carri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. carri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males). Presence of an invaginated pouch is distinctive for this clade; but males of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Dejean" authorityYear="1831" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria gebleri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gebleri">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria gebleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, as well as of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. metallica" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="metallica">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. metallica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Fischer von Waldheim, 1822 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh" authorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Nebria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nebria labontei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="labontei">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Nebria labontei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Kavanaugh, 1984, also have a shallow, more or less distinct longitudinal groove in this location.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females have the mediodorsal row of setae on the gonocoxae oriented obliquely in relation to the longitudinal axis of the gonocoxa, whereas this setal row is parallel to the longitudinal axis in females of other subgenera of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kavanaugh & Maddison & Simison & Schoville & Schmidt & Faille & Moore & Pflug & Archambeault & Hoang & Chen" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Catonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Catonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Catonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">
|
||
A few additional features distinguish members of this clade from most members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade. Most adults of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are medium-sized with SBL> 10 mm, whereas all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults are smaller, with SBL ≤ 9.5 mm; but smallest the members of the former clade (SBL = 9.4 mm) overlap in size with the largest members of the latter (SBL = 9.5 mm). In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the pronotal shape is more extremely cordate with the lateral pronotal margination more faintly impressed and less narrowed at the middle than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The elytra are more convex in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species than in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, and the elytral umbilicate series is comprised of 11-17 setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species but only 8-12 setae in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. The length of the metasternum is greatly reduced in both of these clades but more extremely so among
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
adults. Most members of all species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade except
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. ovipennis" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" rank="species" species="ovipennis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">N. ovipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have paralateral setae on sternites IV-VI, and, when present, these setae are inserted much nearer to the posterior than the anterior margin of the sternite. All specimens examined of several species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade lack paralateral setae and, in the other species and those individuals in which these setae are seen, they are inserted in a more anterior position on the ventrites. In all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, all males examined have a single pair of apical paramedial setae on sternite VII and females have two pairs of these setae, whereas in all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species at least some if not most or all males have two or more pairs of setae and at least some females have three or more pairs of setae. Finally, the basal apodemes of the female hemisternites VIII are more deeply emarginate in all
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Neaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Neaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females than in any
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Palaptenonebria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Palaptenonebria" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Palaptenonebria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="41" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">Known distribution and diversity.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="41">The geographical range of this clade is restricted to western North America. It includes six species that together occupy a disjunct geographical distribution, with three species endemic to the Sierra Nevada of California and westernmost Nevada, one endemic to the mountains of Central Idaho and the Bitterroot Mountains of westernmost Montana, one to the Cascade Range of southern Washington and northern Oregon, and one to the western slope of Coast Ranges of southeastern Alaska and British Columbia south to Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula of Washington.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |