141 lines
16 KiB
XML
141 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="3ACB95A352561865901658A3E62AD095" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273503" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1efaa6f8-7a34-458c-8c20-4f23009c3d09" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273503" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459773515454" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Barraclough, David A." docDate="2006" docId="477D5D44FFE17E4A4622FAA2E1E0FDA7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01277p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1277" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Trichopsidea Westwood 1839" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="BB44253CFFEE7E5A472AFF94E079FFD1" masterDocTitle="An overview of the South African tangleveined flies (Diptera: Nemestrinidae), with an annotated key to the genera and a checklist of species" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1698217535398" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="0012CC505524C43F439EC2D454CF1792" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="8EE1BEE3389EE1332758CDC9B27B1BA5">
|
||
<mods:title id="3A6CCB90DCFBBCBB05AA63F0EB5805D2">An overview of the South African tangleveined flies (Diptera: Nemestrinidae), with an annotated key to the genera and a checklist of species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="FCB37549CED6521B53689C0835B55126" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="4DC3451BA1933D83E782A18808379FB5">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D5C0A451CE9E174AF0AC0A7CB10D64FD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="AD5683E3C7AE1B4C3C2CE698B5096597">Barraclough, David A.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="F95AE601C588DA644E3ED7676C8E4A82">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="AFC766D5DFD49684A1DBCDD74BAB4C85" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="3D70B1D12605D3FCA2D59D7DE1F14A77">
|
||
<mods:title id="94ED6904C4679CD89A7A7261E5C3735D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="E8B86466BBD1ED74D4485A288E2D0BAA">
|
||
<mods:date id="F382571C559DC3AAB55D7DE21590BB27">2006</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="3B20D90348CA543D5EA35DE07EAF3F36" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="2BA88B22787DFC5FB6FA5D4C9CDC5385">1277</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="419C8DC64F439F7A67CA2F77EF582166" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="BB39C769FDC343976BC1450617318C4D">39</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="72448BA54EC5E90B4CB92B768E1F4043">63</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="90F109D755BFCC4912FBEDACCC367D43">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CDC48B32F8487AFA3553E877396E38C2" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.273503</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="BB6EF067362667C38EC632491F4A54F9" type="GBIF-Dataset">1efaa6f8-7a34-458c-8c20-4f23009c3d09</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="83280F201EDBF24D7BC4A9834E345B92" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="10FC87F396D82B89C628F91A51495FD8" type="Zenodo-Dep">273503</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="477D5D44FFE17E4A4622FAA2E1E0FDA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6493512" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119347517" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6493512" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:477D5D44FFE17E4A4622FAA2E1E0FDA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/477D5D44FFE17E4A4622FAA2E1E0FDA7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<subSubSection id="87CEBFD9FFE17E554622FAA2E205FA81" box="[264,636,1334,1360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF6BEC52FFE17E554622FAA2E205FA81" blockId="15.[264,636,1334,1360]" box="[264,636,1334,1360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<heading id="94235B3EFFE17E554622FAA2E205FA81" bold="true" box="[264,636,1334,1360]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E554622FAA2E205FA81" ID-CoL="7ZKY" ID-ENA="2174329" authority="Westwood, 1839" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[264,636,1334,1360]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554622FAA2E205FA81" bold="true" box="[264,636,1334,1360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Trichopsidea
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFE17E55469BFAA2E205FA81" author="Westwood" box="[433,636,1334,1360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1839) Description of a new genus of dipterous insects of New South Wales. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2, 151 - 152." type="journal article" year="1839">Westwood, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="87CEBFD9FFE17E554622FA16E4B7F9D1" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF6BEC52FFE17E554622FA16E1D3FA69" blockId="15.[264,1323,1409,1464]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EFC4CB7CFFE17E554622FA16E1D3FA69" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E554622FA16E2EBFA49" ID-CoL="7ZKY" authority="Westwood, 1839: 151" authorityName="Westwood" authorityPageNumber="151" authorityYear="1839" box="[264,658,1409,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554622FA16E1EAFA48" box="[264,403,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Trichopsidea</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4E75CA43FFE17E5546B4FA15E2EBFA49" author="Westwood" box="[414,658,1409,1432]" page="151" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" year="1839">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFE17E5546B4FA15E221FA49" author="Westwood" box="[414,600,1409,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1839) Description of a new genus of dipterous insects of New South Wales. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2, 151 - 152." type="journal article" year="1839">Westwood, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 151
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="106F52F0FFE17E55458AFA15E2ACFA49" box="[672,725,1409,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E554415FA16E578FA49" ID-CoL="7D4QV" authority="Westwood, 1839" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1839" box="[831,1281,1409,1433]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oestracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554415FA16E447FA48" box="[831,1086,1410,1433]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Trichopsidea oestracea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFE17E554362FA15E578FA49" author="Westwood" box="[1096,1281,1409,1432]" pageId="15" pageNumber="58" refString="Westwood, J. O. (1839) Description of a new genus of dipterous insects of New South Wales. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 2, 151 - 152." type="journal article" year="1839">Westwood, 1839</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by monotypy.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF6BEC52FFE17E554622FA7DE4B7F9D1" blockId="15.[264,1230,1513,1537]" box="[264,1230,1513,1537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="EFC4CB7CFFE17E554622FA7DE4B7F9D1" box="[264,1230,1513,1537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554622FA7DE16CF9D0" bold="true" box="[264,277,1513,1537]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">*</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E55463FFA7DE262F9D1" ID-CoL="7CT37" authority="Loew, 1858: 113" authorityName="Loew" authorityPageNumber="113" authorityYear="1858" box="[277,539,1513,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E55463FFA7DE118F9D0" bold="true" box="[277,353,1513,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">costata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="4E75CA43FFE17E554642FA7DE262F9D1" author="Loew" box="[360,539,1513,1536]" page="113" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" year="1858">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFE17E554642FA7DE193F9D1" author="Loew" box="[360,490,1513,1536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="57" refString="Loew, H. (1858) Bidrag till kannedomen om Afrikas Diptera [part]. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar. Stockholm, 14 (1857), 337 - 383." type="journal article" year="1858">Loew, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 113
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E554501FA7EE2E4F9D0" box="[555,669,1514,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Symmictus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554501FA7EE2E4F9D0" box="[555,669,1514,1537]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Symmictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). North West; Gauteng [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFE17E55448BFA7DE42DF9D1" author="Greathead" box="[929,1108,1513,1536]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" refString="Greathead, D. J. (1960) The species of the genus Symmictus Loew (Diptera: Nemestrinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London (B), 29 (7 - 8), 103 - 106." type="journal article" year="1960">Greathead 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]; Limpopo.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="87CEBFD9FFE17E4A4622F9A5E1E0FDA7" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="CF6BEC52FFE17E554622F9A5E3F6F8C2" blockId="15.[264,1322,1585,1891]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554622F9A5E1ECF99A" bold="true" box="[264,405,1585,1611]" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Discussion:</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B7C3ACC2FFE17E5546EDF9A5E21BF99A" box="[455,610,1585,1611]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
this genus is known from rather few specimens, most of which are in poor condition.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E554551F9CDE30FF9A3" box="[635,886,1625,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFE17E554551F9CDE30FF9A3" box="[635,886,1625,1650]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Trichopsidea costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFE17E5543AEF9CDE494F9A2" box="[1156,1261,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Prosoeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caffraria">Caffraria</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFE17E554622F915E1BFF94A" author="Greathead" box="[264,454,1665,1691]" pageId="15" pageNumber="56" refString="Greathead, D. J. (1960) The species of the genus Symmictus Loew (Diptera: Nemestrinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London (B), 29 (7 - 8), 103 - 106." type="journal article" year="1960">Greathead 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is assumed to be the eastern provinces of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B7C3ACC2FFE17E55433AF915E4D3F94A" box="[1040,1194,1665,1691]" name="South Africa" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. I have not seen any Cape material or records, and it seems likely that the genus is most abundant in arid northern areas, where its locust hosts occur. In fact most of the material in South African collections was collected or reared in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B7C3ACC2FFE17E554408F96DE3F2F8C2" box="[802,907,1785,1811]" name="Namibia" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF6BEC52FFE17E4A4612F8B5E25DFE7F" blockId="15.[264,1322,1585,1891]" lastBlockId="16.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="15" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Greathead’s treatment of the genus (1958 1960 1967) should be referred to if any further detail is required about taxonomy and biology. More information exists about the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFFE7E4A46A3FE88E181FEE4" box="[393,504,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFFE7E4A46A3FE88E181FEE4" box="[393,504,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">T. costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than any other Afrotropical species. It should be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFFE7E4A4393FE88E550FEE4" box="[1209,1321,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFFE7E4A4393FE88E550FEE4" box="[1209,1321,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">T. costata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed through Africa into the southern parts of the Palaearctic Region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFFE7E4A43EDFED0E13FFE57" author="Bowden" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Bowden, J. (1980) Family Nemestrinidae. In: Crosskey, R. W. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 374 - 376." type="book chapter" year="1980">Bowden 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and is the only Afrotropical species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFFE7E4A4461FEF8E38FFE57" box="[843,1014,364,390]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Nemestrinidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
which occurs in another zoogeographical region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CF6BEC52FFFE7E4A4612FE2FE1E0FDA7" blockId="16.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFFE7E4A4612FE2FE193FE04" bold="true" box="[312,490,443,469]" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Relationships:</emphasis>
|
||
The hyaline wings of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFFE7E4A45DCFE28E3F6FE04" box="[758,911,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Trichopsidea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFFE7E4A45DCFE28E3F6FE04" box="[758,911,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Trichopsidea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its vestigial proboscis make it immediately recognizeable in the South African fauna. It does not have affinity with any of the other Afrotropical genera. In fact
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AB4591A3FFFE7E4A4412FD98E478FDF7" author="Bernardi" box="[824,1025,524,550]" pageId="16" pageNumber="56" refString="Bernardi, N. (1973) The genera of the family Nemestrinidae (Diptera: Brachycera). Arquivos de Zoologia, 24 (4), 211 - 318." type="journal article" year="1973">Bernardi (1973)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFFE7E4A4352FD98E495FDF4" box="[1144,1260,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Atriadops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFFE7E4A4352FD98E495FDF4" box="[1144,1260,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Atriadops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08D497D1FFFE7E4A4622FDA0E1EEFD9C" box="[264,407,564,589]" class="Insecta" family="Nemestrinidae" genus="Nycterimyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="16" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FDA03040FFFE7E4A4622FDA0E1EEFD9C" box="[264,407,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="55">Nycterimyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a separate subfamily (the Atriadopsinae), although this classification is not upheld here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |