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<document id="97CF7801B7D5E93FA67CB26D383E1704" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445358" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630458879514" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Biju, S. D. &amp; Bossuyt, Franky" docDate="2009" docId="03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Philautus signatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="433" masterDocId="FFCCEC27FFAB1E41FFE9FFFDFF8CC65A" masterDocTitle="Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="431" updateTime="1699278541911" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="25E9144721E34DBF35E32C1A7673F6CF">Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0CF81B78BFCF5C692705EB69C32E2EF8">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="8ED4314524794C30E44324354F48ABB8">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FF921E78FC8FFA60FAC2C3E8" box="[870,1358,1436,1458]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF921E78FC8FFA60FAC2C3E8" blockId="57.[870,1358,1436,1458]" box="[870,1358,1436,1458]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">
<heading id="D0AB9225FF921E78FC8FFA60FAC2C3E8" box="[870,1358,1436,1458]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF921E78FC8FFA60FAC2C3E8" ID-CoL="4G5KZ" authority="(BOULENGER, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[870,1358,1436,1458]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="379" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF921E78FC8FFA60FBD3C3EA" box="[870,1119,1437,1458]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">PHILAUTUS SIGNATUS</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF921E78FB98FA61FACAC3E8" author="Boulenger GA" box="[1137,1350,1436,1458]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" refId="ref43127" refString="Boulenger GA. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London: Taylor &amp; Francis." type="book" year="1882">BOULENGER, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34676C2FF921E7AFC4CFA3EFA01C32C" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="433" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF921E78FC4CFA3EFA82C383" blockId="57.[933,1294,1474,1497]" box="[933,1294,1474,1497]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">
(
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF921E78FC44FA3EFC75C382" box="[941,1017,1475,1496]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[164,243,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[167,1442,195,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-103@6.[164,1444,193,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogram (GTR + G + I; Ln L = 14 763.97) for the mitochondrial DNA data set of 1488 bp of 34 taxa of Western Ghats Philautus and five outgroup species. Numbers above branches indicate nonparametric bootstrap values under maximum parsimony (MP). Numbers below branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. *Values of less than 50." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445362/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF921E78FBE1FA3FFBB6C382" box="[1032,1082,1474,1496]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="56.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[184,1423,197,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-0@56.[184,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 53. Distribution map. A, Philautus ochlandrae; B, Philautus ponmudi; C, Philautus signatus; D, Philautus sushili sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445468/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">53C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF921E78FBA1FA3FFB7EC38D" box="[1096,1266,1474,1496]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-427@58.[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 55. Philautus signatus: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">55AC; TABLE</figureCitation>
2)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF921E78FCCFFA17FCE6C001" blockId="57.[806,1421,1513,1627]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF921E78FCCFFA17FC5EC3A4" box="[806,978,1513,1535]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Type material:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FC0AFA17FCE6C001" collectionCode="BMNH, SVL" country="India" location="Nilgherries'" municipality="Nilgiri Hills" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="lectotype">
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF921E78FC0AFA17FBD9C3A5" box="[995,1109,1514,1535]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FB80FA17FA9BC3A5" box="[1129,1303,1513,1535]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
.27.36 (ex
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFF921E78FCCFF9F5FCF4C047" box="[806,888,1544,1565]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BMNH</collectionCode>
1868.4.3.120), an adult male,
<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFF921E78FB0EF9F5FA95C047" box="[1255,1305,1544,1565]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">SVL</collectionCode>
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF921E78FACDF9F5FA04C047" box="[1316,1416,1544,1566]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" unit="mm" value="31.5">31.5 mm</quantity>
, from
<location id="8E837392FF921E78FC9BF9DBFC75C066" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C:8E837392FF921E78FC9BF9DBFC75C066" box="[882,1017,1574,1596]" country="India" municipality="Nilgiri Hills" name="Nilgherries'" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu">Nilgherries</location>
i.e.
<collectingMunicipality id="6B87BF33FF921E78FBD7F9DBFB59C066" box="[1086,1237,1574,1596]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Nilgiri Hills</collectingMunicipality>
),
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF921E78FB1AF9DBFA04C066" box="[1267,1416,1574,1596]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F34B65D9FF921E78FCCFF9B8FCEAC001" box="[806,870,1605,1627]" name="India" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">India</collectingCountry>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF921E78FCCFF97EFC6DC135" blockId="57.[806,1421,1667,1903]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF921E78FCCFF97EFBBCC0C2" box="[806,1072,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Other material studied:</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FBDEF97EFB52C0C2" box="[1079,1246,1667,1688]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FBDEF97EFB52C0C2" box="[1079,1246,1667,1688]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FB08F97EFBCEC0ED" location="Nilgiri Hills'" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1">
27.37, an adult male, from
<location id="8E837392FF921E78FC47F95CFBCEC0ED" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C:8E837392FF921E78FC47F95CFBCEC0ED" box="[942,1090,1697,1719]" name="Nilgiri Hills'" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Nilgiri Hills</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FBA7F95CFB55C0ED" box="[1102,1241,1697,1719]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4486" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FBA7F95CFB55C0ED" box="[1102,1241,1697,1719]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4486</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FB0CF95FFC41C08F" location="Coonoor" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1">
an adult male, from
<location id="8E837392FF921E78FC84F93DFC41C08F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C:8E837392FF921E78FC84F93DFC41C08F" box="[877,973,1728,1749]" name="Coonoor" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Coonoor</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FC0BF93DFBFAC08F" box="[994,1142,1728,1749]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4487" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FC0BF93DFBFAC08F" box="[994,1142,1728,1749]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4487</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FB65F93DFC56C0AE" location="Parsons Valley" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1">
an adult male, from
<location id="8E837392FF921E78FCCFF922FC56C0AE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C:8E837392FF921E78FCCFF922FC56C0AE" box="[806,986,1758,1780]" name="Parsons Valley" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Parsons Valley</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FC04F922FBF3C0AE" box="[1005,1151,1759,1780]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4488" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FC04F922FBF3C0AE" box="[1005,1151,1759,1780]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4488</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FB7AF922FC35C149" location="Naduvattam" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1">
an adult male, from
<location id="8E837392FF921E78FCCFF900FC35C149" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C:8E837392FF921E78FCCFF900FC35C149" box="[806,953,1789,1811]" name="Naduvattam" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Naduvattam</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FC2FF900FBDEC148" box="[966,1106,1789,1810]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4489" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FC2FF900FBDEC148" box="[966,1106,1789,1810]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4489</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
, an adult male, and
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FAAAF900FCECC16B" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4492" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FAAAF900FCECC16B" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4492</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FC86F8E1FB7EC168" box="[879,1266,1820,1842]" location="Avalanche" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCount="1">
an adult female, from
<location id="8E837392FF921E78FB93F8E1FB7EC168" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF921E7AFC8FFA60FA01C32C:8E837392FF921E78FB93F8E1FB7EC168" box="[1146,1266,1820,1842]" name="Avalanche" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Avalanche</location>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FAE8F8E1FCDDC10A" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4558" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FAE8F8E1FA01C16B" box="[1281,1421,1819,1841]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4558</specimenCode>
and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF921E78FCB3F8C7FBECC10A" box="[858,1120,1850,1872]" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" specimenCode="BNHS 4491" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF921E78FCB3F8C7FC69C115" box="[858,997,1850,1871]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">BNHS 4491</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF921E78FC1BF8C6FBECC10A" box="[1010,1120,1850,1872]" pageId="57" pageNumber="431" type="adult">two adult</specimenCount>
</materialsCitation>
males, from Udhagamandalam (
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF921E78FC97F8A4FC59C135" box="[894,981,1881,1903]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="57" pageNumber="431">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF911E7BFCD3FF3BFC05C743" blockId="58.[826,1441,198,281]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFCD3FF3BFBF5C681" box="[826,1145,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF911E7BFBF8FF3BFBFFC681" box="[1041,1139,198,219]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
A detailed description of the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF911E7BFC87FF19FC58C6A0" box="[878,980,228,250]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
was published in
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF911E7BFB2DFF18FC09C743" author="Bossuyt F &amp; Dubois A" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref42998" refString="Bossuyt F, Dubois A. 2001. A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica 6: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2001">Bossuyt &amp; Dubois (2001)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF911E7BFCD3FEA2FB5AC3DF" blockId="58.[826,1441,351,1413]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFCD3FEA2FC27C72E" box="[826,939,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Variation:</emphasis>
Measurements of
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF911E7BFB65FEA2FACEC72F" box="[1164,1346,351,373]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
, including the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF911E7BFC4AFE80FB80C7C9" box="[931,1036,381,403]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, are given in
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF911E7BFB23FE80FAACC7C9" box="[1226,1312,381,403]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Table 2</tableCitation>
. The skin texture is slightly variable:
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFB94FE61FB4EC78B" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4558" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFB94FE61FA8AC7E8" box="[1149,1286,412,434]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4558</specimenCode>
has a prominently granular dorsum, whereas
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFB25FE46FC22C4FD" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4489" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFB25FE46FADBC78A" box="[1228,1367,443,464]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4489</specimenCode>
has a shagreened to sparsely granular dorsum. This species has an array of dorsal coloration from light-greyish brown to dark red, and moreover, the same population shows marked difference in eye markings: iris dark-reddish brown with radiating golden stripes (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF911E7BFCABFD8FFC47C4D2" box="[834,971,626,648]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-427@58.[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 55. Philautus signatus: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Fig. 55A, B</figureCitation>
) and light brown iris without stripes (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF911E7BFCABFD6CFC29C4FD" box="[834,933,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-427@58.[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 55. Philautus signatus: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Fig. 55C</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFC52FD6CFC45C49F" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4488" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFC52FD6CFBC4C4FC" box="[955,1096,657,678]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4488</specimenCode>
, light-grey dorsum with dark X marking
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFC37FD4DFB85C51A" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4558" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFC37FD4DFBFEC49F" box="[990,1138,687,709]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4558</specimenCode>
, uniform reddish brown dorsum with irregular grey spots in life, dorsum turns greyish brown in preservation, light-blackish brown stripe between the eyes, dark-grey X mark on dorsum (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF911E7BFC76FCD7FB8DC51A" box="[927,1025,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-427@58.[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 55. Philautus signatus: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Fig. 55C</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFBFDFCD7FACFC5AD" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="SDB 089" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFBFDFCD7FBF7C565" box="[1044,1147,810,831]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">SDB 089</specimenCode>
, dark-brown dorsum with irregular black spots, light-grey stripe in between the eyes making a triangular grey snout with dark irregular brown spots, an inverted blackish brown V mark on the middle of the dorsum in life, turns light-greyish brown dorsum with dark markings in preservation, throat with blackish patches
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFABEFC1FFB4BC209" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4486" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFABEFC1FFCFDC24C" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4486</specimenCode>
with almost similar markings as the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF911E7BFADDFBFDFA11C24C" box="[1332,1437,1024,1046]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
, uniformly dark-brownish dorsum with an X marking and a stripe in between the eyes
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFB3FFBC0FA11C228" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4491" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFB3FFBC0FAEEC208" box="[1238,1378,1085,1106]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4491</specimenCode>
with uniform reddish grey dorsum with a light marking
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFCD3FB86FACEC2F5" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="SDB 098" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFCD3FB86FC25C2CA" box="[826,937,1147,1168]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">SDB 098</specimenCode>
, uniformly dark reddish with a faint X marking on dorsum and limbs (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF911E7BFB3FFB64FAB6C2F5" box="[1238,1338,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-427@58.[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 55. Philautus signatus: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Fig. 55A</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFABEFB64FBDDC33D" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4487" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFABEFB64FCFFC297" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4487</specimenCode>
, grey dorsum with a light-blackish X marking and stripe in between the eyes, scattered white spots on loreal and tympanic regions, lateral side greyish white with light-brown patches, ventral side light grey with irregular light-brown spots, both the limbs have dark cross bands
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF911E7BFB8AFAACFB5DC3DF" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" specimenCode="BNHS 4492" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF911E7BFB8AFAACFB7AC33C" box="[1123,1270,1361,1382]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">BNHS 4492</specimenCode>
, light reddish with a faint X marking (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF911E7BFB8FFA92FB46C3DF" box="[1126,1226,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetId="figure-427@58.[168,777,193,1552]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Figure 55. Philautus signatus: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Fig. 55B</figureCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2375C1FF911E7BFF4DF9D3FC87C021" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445472" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445472" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445472/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" startId="58.[164,243,1582,1601]" targetBox="[168,777,193,1552]" targetPageId="58">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF911E7BFF4DF9D3FC87C021" blockId="58.[164,779,1582,1660]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFF4DF9D3FE95C01B" bold="true" box="[164,281,1582,1601]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Figure 55.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF911E7BFECFF9D3FE7EC01B" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[294,498,1582,1601]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFECFF9D3FE7EC01B" box="[294,498,1582,1601]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Philautus signatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, specimen (SDB 098) from Avalanche; B, specimen (BNHS 4492) from Avalanche; C, specimen (BNHS 4558) from Udhagamandalam.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF911E7BFF4DF95FFE94C135" blockId="58.[164,779,1697,1903]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFF4DF95FFD8AC0ED" box="[164,518,1697,1719]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF911E7BFEC1F95CFD8AC0ED" baseAuthorityName="BOULENGER" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[296,518,1697,1719]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="signatus">Philautus signatus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium to large male adult size; (2) snout pointed in dorsal view; (3) canthus rostralis acute; (4) tongue with a lingual papilla; (5) flanks and groin flesh white or light-reddish brown, without markings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF911E7BFCD3FA36FA03C0ED" blockId="58.[826,1441,1483,1719]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFCD3FA36FB44C3BA" box="[826,1224,1483,1504]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
Nilgiri Hills and surroundings: Coonoor, Kothagiri, Udhagamandalam, Naduvattam, Avalanche, and Parsons Valley (
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF911E7BFCABF9DAFC29C067" box="[834,933,1575,1597]" captionStart="Figure 53" captionStartId="56.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[184,1423,197,1813]" captionTargetId="figure-0@56.[184,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Figure 53. Distribution map. A, Philautus ochlandrae; B, Philautus ponmudi; C, Philautus signatus; D, Philautus sushili sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445468" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445468/files/figure.png" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Fig. 53C</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF911E7BFC58F9DAFB8FC067" box="[945,1027,1575,1597]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Collection localities that are discussed in the text. Localities are arranged by state" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Table 1</tableCitation>
). In Avalanche, Coonoor, and Naduvattam, this species was located from heights of about
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF911E7BFCD3F999FCE9C023" box="[826,869,1636,1657]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
in shola vegetation. However, in Parsons Valley, calling individuals were observed invariably in the moss-covered earthen bank inside the forest patch.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF911E7BFCD3F900FA09C135" blockId="58.[826,1441,1789,1903]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFCD3F900FC2AC148" box="[826,934,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">Remarks:</emphasis>
This species was considered to be I
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFA8DF900FA2DC148" box="[1380,1441,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">xalus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF911E7BFCD3F8E1FB0EC16B" authority="Gunther, 1858" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1858" box="[826,1154,1819,1842]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="variabilis">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF911E7BFCD3F8E1FC2BC16B" box="[826,935,1820,1841]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="432">variabilis</emphasis>
Günther, 1858
</taxonomicName>
(BMNH 74.4.29.458, BMNH 74.4.29.625652 from Malabar, and BMNH 74.4.29.748764 from Pycara, by
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF911E7BFB29F8A4FAF5C135" author="Boulenger GA" box="[1216,1401,1881,1903]" pageId="58" pageNumber="432" refId="ref43127" refString="Boulenger GA. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London: Taylor &amp; Francis." type="book" year="1882">Boulenger 1882</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2375C1FF901E7AFF79FD47FD3DC4B1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445474" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445474" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445474/files/figure.png" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" startId="59.[144,223,698,717]" targetBox="[306,1261,201,666]" targetPageId="59">
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF901E7AFF79FD47FD3DC4B1" blockId="59.[144,1421,698,747]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFF79FD47FE89C497" bold="true" box="[144,261,698,717]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">Figure 56.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFE66FD47FD3AC494" bold="true" box="[399,694,698,718]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF901E7AFE66FD47FDD5C497" authority="Biju &amp; Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[399,601,698,717]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sushili" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFE66FD47FDD5C497" bold="true" box="[399,601,698,717]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">Philautus sushili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF901E7AFDB6FD46FD3AC494" box="[607,694,699,718]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(BNHS 4544). A, dorsal view; B, lateral view of head; C, ventral view of hand; D, ventral view of foot. Scale bars: 5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF901E7AFCCFFCE1FB22C50A" blockId="59.[806,1421,796,848]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF901E7AFCCFFCE1FBB0C50A" collectionCode="BNHS" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" specimenCode="BNHS 4450-4452" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-adult="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF901E7AFCCFFCE1FC16C56B" box="[806,922,796,817]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
,
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF901E7AFC5AFCE1FB03C568" box="[947,1167,796,818]" collectionCode="BNHS" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8g20-8f2r" name="Bombay Natural History Society" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
BNHS 4450
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFBA0FCE0FBD9C568" box="[1097,1109,797,818]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433"></emphasis>
4452
</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF901E7AFB41FCE1FAB9C568" box="[1192,1333,796,818]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" type="adult">three adult</specimenCount>
males collected along with the
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF901E7AFBAFFCC7FB26C50A" box="[1094,1194,826,848]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF901E7AFCCFFC7BFABDC5E1" blockId="59.[806,1421,902,955]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF901E7AFCCFFC7BFAA1C5E1" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" specimenCode="SDB 016" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFCCFFC7BFBB3C5C1" box="[806,1087,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">Other material studied:</emphasis>
<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF901E7AFBA4FC7AFB30C5C6" box="[1101,1212,902,924]" collectionCode="SDB" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">SDB 016</specimenCode>
B, an adult male collected from the
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF901E7AFBE9FC58FBEDC5E1" box="[1024,1121,933,955]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
locality (
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF901E7AFB27FC58FAA9C5E1" box="[1230,1317,933,955]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF901E7AFCCFFC0FFAC4C363" blockId="59.[806,1421,1009,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFCCFFC0FFBF8C25C" box="[806,1140,1009,1031]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
Diagnosis:
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF901E7AFC43FC0CFBF8C25C" authority="Biju &amp; Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[938,1140,1009,1030]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sushili" status="sp. nov.">Philautus sushili</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF901E7AFB69FC0FFB57C25D" box="[1152,1243,1010,1031]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium adult size (SVL 24.9 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF901E7AFC56FBB0FB9AC238" box="[959,1046,1101,1122]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFBC7FBB3FBCEC239" box="[1070,1090,1102,1123]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">N</emphasis>
= 5, male); (2) slender to elongate body; (3) head wider than long, HW 10.0 ± 1.0 mm, HL 9.1 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF901E7AFBA8FB77FB15C2FA" box="[1089,1177,1162,1184]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="0.1">0.1 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFB4CFB76FB35C2FA" box="[1189,1209,1163,1184]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">N</emphasis>
= 5; (4) snout oval in dorsal view; (5) shank longer than thigh, ShL 13.1 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF901E7AFC9AFB3AFC46C287" box="[883,970,1223,1245]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
, TL 12.3 ±
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF901E7AFBBFFB3AFB21C287" box="[1110,1197,1223,1245]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
,
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFB57FB35FB5EC287" box="[1214,1234,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">N</emphasis>
= 5; (6) ventral side of limbs coarsely granular; (7) lateral side of abdomen light grey with white spots; (8) anterior and posterior part of thighs and groin dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF901E7AFCD6FABFFA01C32C" blockId="59.[806,1421,1009,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">
For comparison with closely related species
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF901E7AFAD2FABFFA01C30D" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2006" box="[1339,1421,1346,1367]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anili">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFAD2FABFFA01C30D" box="[1339,1421,1346,1367]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">P. anili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF901E7AFCB0FA9CFC4EC32F" authority="Biju &amp; Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[857,962,1376,1398]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sushili" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFCB0FA9CFC4EC32F" box="[857,962,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">P. sushili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF901E7AFC20FA9CFBADC32C" box="[969,1057,1377,1398]" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, see the comparison of
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF901E7AFADDFA9CFA0AC32F" authorityName="Biju &amp; Bossuyt" authorityYear="2006" box="[1332,1414,1376,1398]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="433" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anili">
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF901E7AFADDFA9CFA0AC32F" box="[1332,1414,1376,1398]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="433">P. anili</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>