264 lines
36 KiB
XML
264 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="5483942C80F08CE163DC862A2E747F66" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445358" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630458879514" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Biju, S. D. & Bossuyt, Franky" docDate="2009" docId="03F5945FFF831E68FF08FDF0FDB9C553" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 155 (2)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Philautus glandulosus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="415" masterDocId="FFCCEC27FFAB1E41FFE9FFFDFF8CC65A" masterDocTitle="Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species" masterLastPageNumber="444" masterPageNumber="374" pageNumber="414" updateTime="1699278541911" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E2BB693D1BCB99F1ED3437E1B98CE7E9">Systematics and phylogeny of Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="901F2DBAF602AC511B38AD5D3296B1EA">Biju, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C9FF9B1FD2A6DCE7FB5298B50FBB7E5E">Bossuyt, Franky</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0849EE0E4B991B9A6B358190AA908542">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="5422FEAAA7CBCB9C9749D37FEF42C094">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="AA0495AB56E19F40FB83D017888BDA28">2009-02-28</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03F5945FFF831E68FF08FDF0FDB9C553" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5492421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5492421" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF831E68FF08FDF0FDB9C553" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F5945FFF831E68FF08FDF0FDB9C553" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
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<subSubSection id="C34676C2FF831E69FF08FDF0FD41C478" box="[225,717,524,546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FF08FDF0FD41C478" blockId="40.[225,717,524,546]" box="[225,717,524,546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
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<heading id="D0AB9225FF831E69FF08FDF0FD41C478" box="[225,717,524,546]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FF08FDF0FD41C478" ID-CoL="4G5GB" authority="(JERDON, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[225,717,524,546]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="441" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FF08FDF0FD83C47A" box="[225,527,525,546]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">PHILAUTUS GLANDULOSUS</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FDCBFDF0FD49C478" author="Jerdon TC" box="[546,709,524,546]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" pagination="1486 - 1488" refId="ref43806" refString="Jerdon TC. 1853. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India (continued from p. 479). Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal 1870: 1486 - 1488." type="journal article" year="1853">JERDON, 1853</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34676C2FF831E68FF16FDCEFDB9C553" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FF16FDCEFD3CC413" blockId="40.[255,688,563,585]" box="[255,688,563,585]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
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(
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FEEEFDCEFEDFC412" box="[263,339,563,584]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[164,243,1531,1550]" captionTargetBox="[167,1442,195,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-103@6.[164,1444,193,1501]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Maximum-likelihood phylogram (GTR + G + I; –Ln L = 14 763.97) for the mitochondrial DNA data set of 1488 bp of 34 taxa of Western Ghats Philautus and five outgroup species. Numbers above branches indicate nonparametric bootstrap values under maximum parsimony (MP). Numbers below branches indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities. *Values of less than 50." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445362" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445362/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">FIGS 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FE8BFDCEFEFEC413" box="[354,370,563,585]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[164,243,799,818]" captionTargetBox="[423,1184,200,767]" captionTargetId="figure-502@8.[419,1187,197,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphometric distinction between males of four green Philautus species: Z, Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov.; -, Philautus bobingeri; O, Philautus glandulosus; and •, Philautus jayarami sp. nov. The ratio of the snout length (SL)/eye length (EL) is plotted against the snout–vent length SVL (see Table 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445368/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FE6BFDCEFE2CC412" box="[386,416,563,584]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="27.[144,223,906,925]" captionTargetBox="[149,1422,197,876]" captionTargetId="figure-381@27.[144,1424,197,876]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 19. Schematic comparison of green-coloured Philautus from the Western Ghats. A, dorsal view, showing coloration of forelimbs and hindlimbs; B, lateral view of head, showing coloration of loreal/tympanic regions and forelimb; C, ventral view of snout, showing shape; D, webbing on feet. The arrows indicate extension of webbing at the fourth toe. Illustrations from left to right are: Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov., Philautus beddomii, Philautus bobingeri, Philautus chalazodes, Philautus chromasynchysi sp. nov., Philautus glandulosus, and Philautus jayarami sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445394" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445394/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">19</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FE46FDCEFE53C412" box="[431,479,563,584]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="38.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[185,1422,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-0@38.[182,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 31. Distribution map. A, Philautus dubois; B, map showing Malabar (shaded in grey), from which the type of Philautus flaviventris was collected; C, Philautus glandulosus; D, Philautus graminirupes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445420/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">31C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FE07FDCEFD81C412" box="[494,525,563,584]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="40.[164,243,1359,1378]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,888,1329]" captionTargetId="figure-545@40.[168,777,888,1329]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 34. Neotype of Ixalus glandulosus (BMNH 1947.2.27.22) from ‘Manantavadi’ (i.e. Mananthavady)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445426/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">34</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FDF5FDCEFDB6C413" box="[540,570,563,585]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="40.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,1454,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-558@40.[168,777,1454,1823]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 35. Philautus glandulosus: a specimen from Mananthavady (SDB 40239)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445428/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">35</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF831E69FDA0FDC9FD2BC413" box="[585,679,563,585]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FF4DFDA7FD7AC496" blockId="40.[164,778,602,716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FF4DFDA7FEDFC435" box="[164,339,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B342F14FF831E69FE8EFDA7FD7AC496" collectionCode="BMNH, SVL" location="Wayanad" municipality="Manantavadi'" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" specimenCode="BMNH 1947.2" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="neotype">
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<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF831E69FE8EFDA7FE44C435" box="[359,456,602,623]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<specimenCode id="DBFA8D32FF831E69FE09FDA7FD1DC435" box="[480,657,602,623]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">BMNH 1947.2</specimenCode>
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.27.22 (ex
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<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFF831E69FF4DFD84FF7AC4D4" box="[164,246,633,654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">BMNH</collectionCode>
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1882.2.10.39), an adult male,
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<collectionCode id="ED4DBD8CFF831E69FD8CFD84FD1BC4D4" box="[613,663,633,654]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">SVL</collectionCode>
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<quantity id="4CA488ACFF831E69FD48FD84FC8AC4D4" box="[673,774,633,654]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="22.3">22.3 mm</quantity>
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, from ‘
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B87BF33FF831E69FF00FD6AFE04C4F7" box="[233,392,663,685]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Manantavadi’</collectingMunicipality>
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(‘Manantodddy’) (i.e. Mananthavady),
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<location id="8E837392FF831E69FF1AFD4BFEECC496" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F5945FFF831E68FF08FDF0FDB9C553:8E837392FF831E69FF1AFD4BFEECC496" box="[243,352,694,716]" municipality="Manantavadi'" name="Wayanad" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" stateProvince="Kerala">Wayanad</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF831E69FE84FD4BFE37C496" box="[365,443,694,716]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Kerala</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FE25FD4BFD65C496" author="Bossuyt F & Dubois A" box="[460,745,694,716]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref42998" refString="Bossuyt F, Dubois A. 2001. A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica 6: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2001">Bossuyt & Dubois, 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FF4DFD14FE40C501" blockId="40.[164,778,745,859]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FF4DFD14FE3AC4A4" box="[164,438,745,766]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Other material studied:</emphasis>
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BNHS 4453, an adult male, from Mercara; SDB 40239, an adult male, from Mananthavady; BNHS 4454, an adult male, from Sulthanbathery (
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<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF831E69FE80FCB8FE33C501" box="[361,447,837,859]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Table 2</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FCD3FF3BFA96C411" blockId="40.[826,1441,198,587]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCD3FF3BFC16C681" box="[826,922,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Identity:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FC4DFF3BFA90C686" author="Bossuyt F & Dubois A" box="[932,1308,198,220]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref42998" refString="Bossuyt F, Dubois A. 2001. A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica 6: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2001">Bossuyt & Dubois (2001: 14–15)</bibRefCitation>
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||
provided a detailed review on the nomenclatural history, and considered
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FC20FEFEFAEDC743" authority="Boulenger (1882)" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" box="[969,1377,259,281]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FC20FEFEFBF6C742" box="[969,1146,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Ixalus pulcher</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FB66FEFEFAEDC743" author="Boulenger GA" box="[1167,1377,259,281]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" refId="ref43127" refString="Boulenger GA. 1882. Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London: Taylor & Francis." type="book" year="1882">Boulenger (1882)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FCD3FEDFFB64C76D" authority="Ahl, 1927" authorityName="Ahl" authorityYear="1927" box="[826,1256,290,312]" class="Diplopoda" family="Chelodesmidae" genus="Rhacophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polydesmida" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulcherrimus">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCD3FEDFFBFCC76D" box="[826,1136,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Rhacophorus pulcherrimus</emphasis>
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Ahl, 1927
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</taxonomicName>
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as synonyms of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FCD3FEBDFB55C70C" authority="Gunther, 1876" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1876" box="[826,1241,320,342]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
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<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCD3FEBDFB96C70F" box="[826,1050,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Ixalus glandulosus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FBC3FEBDFB55C70C" author="Gunther A" box="[1066,1241,320,342]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" pagination="567 - 577" refId="ref43526" refString="Gunther A. 1876. Third report on collections of Indian reptiles obtained by the British Museum. Proceedings of Zoological Society 1875: 567 - 577." type="journal article" year="1876">Günther, 1876</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
. In the original description,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FC21FEA2FB12C72F" author="Jerdon TC" box="[968,1182,351,373]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" pagination="1486 - 1488" refId="ref43806" refString="Jerdon TC. 1853. Catalogue of reptiles inhabiting the Peninsula of India (continued from p. 479). Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal 1870: 1486 - 1488." type="journal article" year="1853">Jerdon (1853: 533)</bibRefCitation>
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||
stated the snout–vent length as roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF831E69FBE5FE80FBFDC7C9" box="[1036,1137,381,403]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="30.5">30.5 mm</quantity>
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, and described the unique yellowish colour on the side and limbs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FB10FE61FAC6C7E8" box="[1273,1354,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="40.[164,243,1359,1378]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,888,1329]" captionTargetId="figure-545@40.[168,777,888,1329]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 34. Neotype of Ixalus glandulosus (BMNH 1947.2.27.22) from ‘Manantavadi’ (i.e. Mananthavady)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445426/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
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), which exactly matches with the yellow forelimbs and lateral region of the
|
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<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF831E69FC3DFE27FBA1C7B5" box="[980,1069,474,495]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FBBBFE27FB4CC7B4" authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1882" box="[1106,1216,473,495]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pulcher">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FBBBFE27FB4CC7B4" box="[1106,1216,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">I. pulcher</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which presently is the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF831E69FC83FE05FC4FC457" box="[874,963,504,525]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FC04FE04FB1EC457" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1876" box="[1005,1170,504,526]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FC04FE04FB1EC457" box="[1005,1170,504,526]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">I. glandulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Jerdon attributed the species epithet presumably because of its prominently granular (‘glandular’) yellow lateral side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FCD3FD8EFC74C5C6" blockId="40.[826,1442,626,1199]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCD3FD8EFB59C4DD" box="[826,1237,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
Diagnosis:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FC2FFD8FFB59C4DD" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[966,1237,626,647]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">Philautus glandulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
can be distinguished from known congeners by the following combination of characters: (1) medium male adult size (SVL 25.2 ± 2.0 mm,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FBD5FD32FBDCC4BE" box="[1084,1104,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); (2) snout pointed; (3) head length shorter than width, HW 10.0 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF831E69FAACFD10FA10C558" box="[1349,1436,749,771]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HL 9.2 ±
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF831E69FC43FCF6FB8DC57B" box="[938,1025,779,801]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" unit="mm" value="0.9">0.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FBF8FCF1FBA9C57B" box="[1041,1061,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 4; (4) dorsum shagreened; (5) lateral abdominal area prominently glandular; (6) fingertips rounded; (7) dorsal surface of forearm and loreal region yellow; (8) anterior and posterior surface of thighs yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FCBAFC59FC1EC2F5" blockId="40.[826,1442,626,1199]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FCBAFC59FBD5C5E3" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[851,1113,932,953]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCBAFC59FBD5C5E3" box="[851,1113,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Philautus glandulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sole Western Ghats species in the genus with an invariable yellow dorsal surface of forearm and loreal region in life, and creamy white or yellowish in preservation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FADCFBFDFA11C24F" box="[1333,1437,1024,1046]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="38.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[185,1422,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-0@38.[182,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 31. Distribution map. A, Philautus dubois; B, map showing Malabar (shaded in grey), from which the type of Philautus flaviventris was collected; C, Philautus glandulosus; D, Philautus graminirupes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445420/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Figs 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FCD3FBE2FCD4C26E" box="[826,856,1055,1076]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="40.[164,243,1359,1378]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,888,1329]" captionTargetId="figure-545@40.[168,777,888,1329]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 34. Neotype of Ixalus glandulosus (BMNH 1947.2.27.22) from ‘Manantavadi’ (i.e. Mananthavady)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445426/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">34</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FC83FBE3FC04C26E" box="[874,904,1054,1076]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="40.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,1454,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-558@40.[168,777,1454,1823]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 35. Philautus glandulosus: a specimen from Mananthavady (SDB 40239)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445428/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">35</figureCitation>
|
||
). It is closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FB55FBE2FACBC26E" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2005" box="[1212,1351,1055,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bobingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FB55FBE2FACBC26E" box="[1212,1351,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">P. bobingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FA64FBE2FC2DC209" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jayarami" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FA64FBE2FC2DC209" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">P. jayarami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF831E69FC45FBC3FB8AC209" box="[940,1030,1086,1107]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which it resembles well in overall appearance (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FC27FBA1FB9DC228" box="[974,1041,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[164,243,799,818]" captionTargetBox="[423,1184,200,767]" captionTargetId="figure-502@8.[419,1187,197,770]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphometric distinction between males of four green Philautus species: Z, Philautus akroparallagi sp. nov.; -, Philautus bobingeri; O, Philautus glandulosus; and •, Philautus jayarami sp. nov. The ratio of the snout length (SL)/eye length (EL) is plotted against the snout–vent length SVL (see Table 2)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445368" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445368/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). For differences with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FAF0FBA1FA2DC22B" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2005" box="[1305,1441,1116,1137]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bobingeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FAF0FBA1FA2DC22B" box="[1305,1441,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">P. bobingeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FC9AFB86FC77C2CA" authority="Biju & Bossuyt, 2009" authorityName="Biju & Bossuyt" authorityYear="2009" box="[883,1019,1147,1168]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jayarami" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FC9AFB86FC77C2CA" box="[883,1019,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">P. jayarami</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21B4420FF831E69FBE0FB86FBEBC2CA" box="[1033,1127,1147,1168]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, see ‘comparison’ of those species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FCD3FB2AFAB9C373" blockId="40.[826,1441,1238,1322]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCD3FB2AFBFEC2B6" box="[826,1138,1238,1260]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF831E69FBFEFB2AFBE0C2B6" box="[1047,1132,1239,1260]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A detailed description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF831E69FC99FB08FC45C350" box="[880,969,1269,1290]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was published in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCD58B8FF831E69FB29FB08FC09C370" author="Bossuyt F & Dubois A" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref42998" refString="Bossuyt F, Dubois A. 2001. A review of the frog genus Philautus Gistel, 1848 (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae, Rhacophorinae). Zeylanica 6: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2001">Bossuyt & Dubois (2001)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Measurements are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF831E69FB35FAEEFABDC373" box="[1244,1329,1299,1321]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2375C1FF831E69FF4DFAB2FD61C325" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445426" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445426" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445426/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" startId="40.[164,243,1359,1378]" targetBox="[168,777,888,1329]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FF4DFAB2FD61C325" blockId="40.[164,779,1359,1407]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FF4DFAB2FE95C338" bold="true" box="[164,281,1359,1378]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Figure 34.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FE2DFAB2FD12C338" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1876" box="[452,670,1359,1378]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Ixalus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FE2DFAB2FD12C338" box="[452,670,1359,1378]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Ixalus glandulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1947.2.27.22) from ‘Manantavadi’ (i.e. Mananthavady).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E68FCD3FAACFEC4C76D" blockId="40.[826,1441,1360,1903]" lastBlockId="41.[144,758,198,312]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="415" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FCD3FAACFC64C33C" box="[826,1000,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Colour in life:</emphasis>
|
||
BNHS 4453 (in the wild), dorsum uniform dark green with a few scattered light-brown spots, lateral side yellow, loreal and tympanic regions yellow, iris reddish brown encircled by a thin bluish outer ring, forelimb yellow with a few dark-grey spots, thigh with a green line extending from dorsum to knee, anterior and posterior margins yellow, without markings, tibia almost completely green, tarsus yellow with a few scattered dark-greyish green spots; ventral side light yellow, throat, hands, and feet light yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF831E69FBFEF97EFBF6C0C3" box="[1047,1146,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="38.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[185,1422,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-0@38.[182,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 31. Distribution map. A, Philautus dubois; B, map showing Malabar (shaded in grey), from which the type of Philautus flaviventris was collected; C, Philautus glandulosus; D, Philautus graminirupes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445420/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In captivity (either in collection bags or in terrarium), this frog has the ability to change the dorsal green colour to dark purple or violet; however, the pattern is reliably constant. SDB 40239 (in captivity), dorsum uniformly dark purple, without markings, lateral side yellow, loreal and tympanic regions yellow, forelimb yellow, thigh with a purple line extending from dorsum to knee, anterior and posterior margins yellow, without markings, tibia almost completely purple, tarsus yellow; ventral side yellowish, throat, hands, and feet yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF821E68FF03FEDFFEB7C76D" box="[234,315,289,312]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="40.[164,243,1853,1872]" captionTargetBox="[168,777,1454,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-558@40.[168,777,1454,1823]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 35. Philautus glandulosus: a specimen from Mananthavady (SDB 40239)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445428/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Fig. 35</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF2375C1FF831E69FF4DF8C0FE56C134" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445428" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5445428" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445428/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" startId="40.[164,243,1853,1872]" targetBox="[168,777,1454,1823]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF831E69FF4DF8C0FE56C134" blockId="40.[164,779,1853,1902]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FF4DF8C0FE95C10A" bold="true" box="[164,281,1853,1872]" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Figure 35.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5C5ECAFF831E69FECFF8C0FDAEC10A" baseAuthorityName="Jerdon" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[294,546,1853,1872]" class="Amphibia" family="Rhacophoridae" genus="Philautus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="40" pageNumber="414" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glandulosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF831E69FECFF8C0FDAEC10A" box="[294,546,1853,1872]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="414">Philautus glandulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a specimen from Mananthavady (SDB 40239).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF821E68FF79FE9EFE6FC7CC" blockId="41.[144,759,354,407]" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF821E68FF79FE9EFE8CC722" box="[144,256,355,376]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF821E68FE3EFE9FFD0FC722" box="[471,643,354,376]" pageId="41" pageNumber="415" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
including
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E79BEBFF821E68FF79FE7CFF65C7CC" box="[144,233,385,406]" pageId="41" pageNumber="415" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF821E68FE60FE7CFE52C7CC" box="[393,478,385,407]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="10.[113,177,400,421]" captionText="Table 2. Morphometric measurements (in mm) of the specimens used in this study" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE32549FF821E68FF79FE3CFDB9C553" blockId="41.[144,759,449,777]" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">
|
||
<emphasis id="B928F95BFF821E68FF79FE3CFD80C78C" box="[144,524,449,470]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Mananthavady and Sulthanbathery of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF821E68FE8EFE1DFE3BC7AC" box="[359,439,480,502]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Mercara in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4998EBABFF821E68FD93FE1DFD7AC7AC" box="[634,758,480,502]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="136739CCFF821E68FF71FE02FF77C44E" box="[152,251,511,533]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="38.[164,243,1842,1861]" captionTargetBox="[185,1422,197,1810]" captionTargetId="figure-0@38.[182,1425,194,1813]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 31. Distribution map. A, Philautus dubois; B, map showing Malabar (shaded in grey), from which the type of Philautus flaviventris was collected; C, Philautus glandulosus; D, Philautus graminirupes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5445420" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5445420/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Fig. 31C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6DE10F2FF821E68FEFAFE02FEE9C44F" box="[275,357,511,533]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="2.[164,228,200,219]" captionText="Table 1. Collection localities that are discussed in the text. Localities are arranged by state" pageId="41" pageNumber="415">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). This species strongly prefers vegetation layers above
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF821E68FE5BFDE0FE50C469" box="[434,476,541,563]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
in height. In Wayanad this species was located either from the rainforest canopy (about 10-m high in Mananthavady) or in forest fringes near coffee plantations (about 4-m high in Sulthanbathery). In Mercara it was observed in an isolated tree in a garden at heights above
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5AEEC0FF821E68FD91FD4BFD26C496" box="[632,682,694,716]" pageId="41" pageNumber="415" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="4CA488ACFF821E68FD91FD4BFD2AC496" box="[632,678,694,716]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="41" pageNumber="415" unit="m" value="4.0">4 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
Specimens were located by their calls, and were collected during rainy evenings after 20:00 h.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |