271 lines
34 KiB
XML
271 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="7A3BD1992209F6FC90A35E3EEA7DE171" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00641.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5494051" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630447196868" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Shimada, Tomohiko, Matsui, Masafumi, Yambun, Paul & Sudin, Ahmad" docDate="2011" docId="03F387C6FF8DFFC0AA2DF8A1E6E5FDB7" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2010.00641.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00641.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37.3:ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="FBF0BF18BB2B256F1F8008F27D80BF37" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2010-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Meristogenys stenocephalus Shimada & Matsui & Yambun & Sudin 2011, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docUuid="6901B2EC-C9B9-482C-8D04-5EE7B193B322" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="175" masterDocId="FFCAFFBEFF9DFFD2A973FF92E55AFF9B" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic study of Whitehead’s torrent frog, Meristogenys whiteheadi, with descriptions of two new species (Amphibia: Ranidae)" masterLastPageNumber="183" masterPageNumber="157" pageNumber="173" updateTime="1699273979988" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="46F14F58BACAB5BF98321D4A5B4E98FE">
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<mods:title id="AFD0EF5BECCD3BB546C4014513967EB6">A taxonomic study of Whitehead’s torrent frog, Meristogenys whiteheadi, with descriptions of two new species (Amphibia: Ranidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="022D822D9CADA9FB268CF9A2D3722353">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="38EE4DBA70710F6E19170165E7D735B3">Shimada, Tomohiko</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B3AE0488E04D28D2C0CE4367DDE9CE9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="A8F27FFFA2EB6120373D0ED44B6DB6B5">Matsui, Masafumi</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B16F2F4FE064FCD2E3A142D9B69D8F52">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7D8F52F0C4341612F78070AA631AC3EA">Yambun, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="58AD889623D4BACD47DD6AA4A03766DC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="E1F5498CA29AA5BEED9813E062D770FF">Sudin, Ahmad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9AC44FB13E64BAED9B56267E7C38FC9B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CD55666B321333C42F505049083BB1A8">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="3105D1F83872F8BC61A0B7D74785333D">
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<mods:date id="FB8AD3B7A6C2D36F7F6752E69C7433F2">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A5FAA12348FE6CD9226B29035FAF52F">2011-01-13</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="1606CF6CEF43C79D356622892E7C9EA0" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D4490FC6A5ED5294B7C56D32CD79DD5B">161</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="A6B22E1437CA87738672FBAA344DAC9E">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00641.x</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="2C2E602A7A7149CAFCD746DF434EB418" type="DOI">10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00641.x</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="123CE9722FB7E7BF5058833A4FBEF554" type="ZooBank">2CE646FA-1813-4307-97E8-3D6A6F539884</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection id="C340655BFF8DFFC2AA2DF8A1E00FF8DC" box="[862,1365,1842,1864]" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8DFFC2AA2DF8A1E00FF8DC" blockId="16.[862,1365,1842,1864]" box="[862,1365,1842,1864]" pageId="16" pageNumber="173">
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<heading id="D0AD81BCFF8DFFC2AA2DF8A1E00FF8DC" box="[862,1365,1842,1864]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D53FF8DFFC2AA2DF8A1E1BCF8DC" ID-CoL="73BD7" authority="Shimada & Matsui & Yambun & Sudin, 2011" authorityName="Shimada & Matsui & Yambun & Sudin" authorityYear="2011" box="[862,1254,1843,1864]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Meristogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stenocephalus" status="sp. nov.">MERISTOGENYS STENOCEPHALUS</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8DFFC2AD83F8A4E00FF8DC" bold="true" box="[1264,1365,1842,1863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="173">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57B9FF8DFFC2AD83F8A4E00FF8DC" box="[1264,1365,1842,1863]" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C340655BFF8DFFC3AA55F8CBE651FE08" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8DFFC3AA55F8CBE651FE08" blockId="16.[806,1309,1881,1903]" lastBlockId="17.[164,779,198,403]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="16" pageNumber="173">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4A11FEFF8DFFC3AA55F8CBE651FE08" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="174" pageId="16" pageNumber="173">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFB10C1FF8DFFC2AA55F8CBE043F8F4" author="Stuart BL" box="[806,1305,1881,1903]" page=")" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" year="2008">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D53FF8DFFC2AA55F8CBE043F8F4" ID-CoL="73BD6" authority=": Stuart (2008: 51)" authorityName="Stuart" authorityPageNumber="51" authorityYear="2008" box="[806,1305,1881,1903]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Meristogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="whiteheadi">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8DFFC2AA55F8CBE112F8F5" box="[806,1096,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="173">Meristogenys whiteheadi:</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B21FF8DFFC2AD21F8CBE043F8F4" author="Stuart BL" box="[1106,1305,1881,1903]" pageId="16" pageNumber="173" pagination="49 - 60" refId="ref20876" refString="Stuart BL. 2008. The phylogenetic problem of Huia (Amphibia: Ranidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46: 49 - 60." type="journal article" year="2008">Stuart (2008: 51)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A9D7FF54E441FF40" box="[164,283,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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A large species of the
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D53FF8CFFC3AB4EFF55E7F4FF40" ID-CoL="73BCX" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[573,686,198,220]" class="Amphibia" family="Ranidae" genus="Meristogenys" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerboa">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3AB4EFF55E7F4FF40" box="[573,686,198,220]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">M. jerboa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B21FF8CFFC3A98AFF76E4CCFF61" author="Matsui M" box="[249,406,228,250]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" pagination="623 - 630" refId="ref20206" refString="Matsui M. 1986. Three new species of Amolops from Borneo (Amphibia, Anura, Ranidae). Copeia 1986: 623 - 630." type="journal article" year="1986">Matsui, 1986</bibRefCitation>
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), with male SVL 48.0–
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<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3ABDAFF76E651FF61" box="[681,779,228,250]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="60.4">60.4 mm</quantity>
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and female SVL
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<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3A805FE91E742FE82" box="[374,536,259,281]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.155" metricValueMax="8.66" metricValueMin="7.65" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="81.55" valueMax="86.6" valueMin="76.5">76.5–86.6 mm</quantity>
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; rear of thigh dark brown, dusted with small irregular light spots; fourth toe fully webbed to disk; TL relative to SVL usually greater than 0.70; head narrow, HW and HL relative to SVL usually less than 0.35 and 0.41, respectively.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C340655BFF8CFFC0A9D7FE29E6E5FDB7" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="etymology">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3A9D7FE29E4CAFDB7" blockId="17.[164,779,443,556]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A9D7FE29E478FE4B" box="[164,290,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Specific name from
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3AB23FE29E7CFFE4B" box="[592,661,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">stenos</emphasis>
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(Greek), meaning narrow, and
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A8B5FE4BE773FE75" box="[454,553,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">cephalus</emphasis>
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(Greek) meaning heads, referring to the relatively small and narrow head of this species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3A9D7FDC6E651FD78" blockId="17.[164,779,596,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
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<materialsCitation id="3B323C8DFF8CFFC3A9D7FDC6E651FD78" collectingDate="2003-08-18" collectorName="Masafumi Matsui & Kanto Nishikawa & Tomohiko Shimada & Ahmad Sudin" country="Malaysia" elevation="550" location="Ulu Senagang" longitude="116.02917" municipality="Crocker Range National Park" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sabah" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A9D7FDC6E454FDF2" box="[164,270,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
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||
<typeStatus id="54E18872FF8CFFC3A9D7FDC6E452FDF2" box="[164,264,596,617]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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BORNEENSIS 12810; an adult male from
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<location id="8E85600BFF8CFFC3A9D7FDE0E413FD1C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387C6FF8DFFC0AA2DF8A1E6E5FDB7:8E85600BFF8CFFC3A9D7FDE0E413FD1C" box="[164,329,626,648]" country="Malaysia" longitude="116.02917" municipality="Crocker Range National Park" name="Ulu Senagang" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" stateProvince="Sabah">Ulu Senagang</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B81ACAAFF8CFFC3A825FDE0E7F5FD13" box="[342,687,626,648]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Crocker Range National Park</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="499EF832FF8CFFC3ABCFFDE0E65CFD13" box="[700,774,626,648]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Sabah</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F34D7640FF8CFFC3A9D7FD03E456FD3C" box="[164,268,657,679]" name="Malaysia" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
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(5°20′40′N,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5017FF8CFFC3A8D5FD03E768FD3D" box="[422,562,656,679]" degrees="116" direction="east" minutes="01" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" precision="15" seconds="45" value="116.02917">116°01′45″E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<elevation id="0077D1E3FF8CFFC3AB36FD03E79CFD3C" box="[581,710,657,679]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="550.0">
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||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3AB36FD03E7D0FD3D" box="[581,650,657,679]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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), collected by
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<collectorName id="26AF5306FF8CFFC3A861FD3DE4BBFD5E" box="[274,481,687,709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Masafumi Matsui</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26AF5306FF8CFFC3A89EFD22E7E3FD5E" box="[493,697,687,709]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Kanto Nishikawa</collectorName>
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,
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<collectorName id="26AF5306FF8CFFC3ABB5FD22E41CFD7F" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Tomohiko Shimada</collectorName>
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, and
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<collectorName id="26AF5306FF8CFFC3A8F6FD5CE779FD7F" box="[389,547,718,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Ahmad Sudin</collectorName>
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on
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<date id="FFE41010FF8CFFC3AB23FD5CE65DFD78" box="[592,775,718,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" value="2003-08-18">
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||
<collectingDate id="EFA0E9F8FF8CFFC3AB23FD5CE65DFD78" box="[592,775,718,739]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" value="2003-08-18">18 August 2003</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
.
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3A9D7FC9EE46DFCDB" blockId="17.[164,779,779,832]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A9D7FC9EE441FCBA" box="[164,283,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E18872FF8CFFC3A9D7FC9EE44FFCBA" box="[164,277,780,801]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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BORNEENSIS 12809; a female from the type locality.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3A9D7FCF5E46EFC42" blockId="17.[164,778,871,985]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A9D7FCF5E4C1FCE6" box="[164,411,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Referred specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B323C8DFF8CFFC3A8CAFCF5E46AFC42" county="Kimanis" location="Kepipiyo" municipality="Melalap" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" stateProvince="Sabah">
|
||
Twenty-nine males,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D5CFD59FF8CFFC3ABBDFCF5E5A4FC07" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="female">three females</specimenCount>
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||
, and
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||
<specimenCount id="9D5CFD59FF8CFFC3A834FC14E4B9FC07" box="[327,483,902,924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="juvenile">two juveniles</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
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<collectingCounty id="62844E5CFF8CFFC3AB40FC14E7CCFC07" box="[563,662,902,924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Kimanis</collectingCounty>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B81ACAAFF8CFFC3ABD4FC14E65CFC07" box="[679,774,902,924]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Melalap</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8E85600BFF8CFFC3A9D7FC36E456FC21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387C6FF8DFFC0AA2DF8A1E6E5FDB7:8E85600BFF8CFFC3A9D7FC36E456FC21" box="[164,268,932,954]" county="Kimanis" municipality="Melalap" name="Kepipiyo" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" stateProvince="Sabah">Kepipiyo</location>
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||
, and
|
||
<location id="8E85600BFF8CFFC3A814FC36E4BDFC21" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387C6FF8DFFC0AA2DF8A1E6E5FDB7:8E85600BFF8CFFC3A814FC36E4BDFC21" box="[359,487,932,954]" county="Kimanis" municipality="Melalap" name="Mendolong" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" stateProvince="Sabah">Mendolong</location>
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||
, all from
|
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<collectingRegion id="499EF832FF8CFFC3ABF3FC36E792FC21" box="[640,712,932,954]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
(see Appendix 2)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3A9D7FB93E651F9C0" blockId="17.[164,779,1024,1903]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3A9D7FB93E79DFB8E" box="[164,711,1024,1046]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E18872FF8CFFC3A83DFB92E4F6FB8E" box="[334,428,1024,1045]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(measurements in mm):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body moderately slender, SVL 60.4; head triangular, longer (24.3) than wide (19.5); snout obtusely pointed, projecting slightly beyond lower jaw; eyes elevated; canthi sharp, slightly concave; lores slightly oblique, concave; nostrils lateral, just below canthal edge, distinctly closer to tip of snout (4.3) than to eye (5.3); IND (6.1) wider than IOD (5.1); latter narrower than UEW (6.6); SL 10.1; eye–mouth distance 1.8; nostril– mouth distance 3.3; pineal spot visible, slightly behind the line connecting anterior corners of orbits; tympanum distinct, TDv (5.2) and TDh (5.0) less than two-thirds of EL (9.1); T–EL (2.1) two-fifths of TDv and TDh; nostril–tympanum distance 15.6; snout– tympanum distance 20.4; vomerine teeth obvious, in small oblique groups separated by the half of one group, groups on line connecting rear rims of choanae; tongue deeply notched, without papilla; paired subgular vocal sacs forming gular pouches at corners of throat; vocal opening just inside commissures of jaws.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3A9CFF9F6E77BF8F4" blockId="17.[164,779,1024,1903]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Fingers slender, first (8.2) and second subequal, much shorter than third (12.4); tips expanded into disks having circummarginal grooves; the disk of first finger smallest of all; disks of second, third (2.4), and fourth fingers subequal in diameter, half of TDv and TDh; no fringes of skin along fingers; no supernumerary metacarpal tubercles; distinct nuptial pads covering dorsal and medial surfaces of the first finger from its base to subarticular tubercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3AA20FF54E1E0FDD0" blockId="17.[826,1441,198,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Hindlimb (127.3) approximately 3.2 times length of FLL (39.4); LAL 31.2; HAL 18.1; tibia long (43.3); heels overlapping when limbs are held at right angles to body; THIGH (36.8) and FL (33.7) much shorter than TL. Toe disks similar to those of fingers in shape and size (disk diameter of fourth toe 2.4); all toes fully webbed to disks; excision of web between fourth and fifth toes reaching to middle of proximal and middle subarticular tubercle of fourth toe; a narrow fringe of skin along medial edge of first toe; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, shorter (2.9) than distance between it and subarticular tubercle of first toe; a small round, raised outer metatarsal tubercle.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3AA20FDC6E1D7FD78" blockId="17.[826,1441,198,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Skin of dorsum finely granular on head and trunk; a weak fold from above eye to axilla; a low dorsolateral glandular fold; side of trunk coarsely granular; thighs strongly rugose above; throat smooth; chest and abdomen weakly rugose.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3AA49FC99E160FB77" blockId="17.[826,1441,779,1260]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3AA49FC99E181FCBB" box="[826,1243,779,801]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
Colour in life (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A55FF8CFFC3AD66FC9EE136FCBB" box="[1045,1132,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="4.[144,223,1765,1784]" captionTargetBox="[367,1199,1074,1735]" captionTargetId="figure-403@4.[367,1199,1074,1735]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Figure 2. Profiles of M. cf. whiteheadi. Patterns of upper lip were separated into five types: (A) pattern 1-a, several large black spots similar to those of lower lip; (B) pattern 1-b, irregular black blotches smaller than lower lip spots; (C) pattern 2, uniformly black; (D) pattern 3, uniformly grey; (E) pattern 4, uniformly white. Specimen vouchers: (A) BORNEENSIS 12560 from Mahua; (B) BORNEENSIS 12512 from Mahua; (C) BORNEENSIS 23302 from Wario; (D) BORNEENSIS 23340 from Wario; BORNEENSIS 12810 from Ulu Senagang." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494056" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494056/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A55FF8CFFC3ADDEFC99E194FCBB" box="[1197,1230,779,800]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[164,243,1145,1164]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,196,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-336@15.[387,1219,195,1115]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Adults and larvae of three Meristogenys species treated in this study. A, B, Meristogenys stigmachilus sp. nov. (BORNEENSIS 12512 and 03B1 from Mahua). C, D, Meristogenys stenocephalus sp. nov. (B12808 and 05B217 from Ulu Senagang). E, F, Meristogenys whiteheadi (B22971 and 05B209 from Wario). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494067/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsum light to dark brown, without markings; supratympanic fold with interrupted dark streak; upper lip whitish yellow without markings; lower lip whitish with weak dark spots; iris bicoloured, yellowish green above and below, with a small portion of reddish orange in between; centre of tympanum dark without light spot; a blackish brown band beginning behind eye, bordering rear of the tympanum, diverging above the tympanum, and nearly reaching the inguinal area; dorsal and ventral boundaries obscure; limbs marked dorsally with alternating light- and dark-brown crossbars; rear of thigh light brown with scattered light spots; throat, chest, and abdomen whitish; ventral surfaces of legs whitish, with dense dots of melanophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3AA49FA81E190FA1E" blockId="17.[826,1441,1299,1413]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3AA49FA81E147FAB3" box="[826,1053,1299,1321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Colour in alcohol:</emphasis>
|
||
Colour pattern has not been changed after preservation in ethanol for several years, except for iris colour, which soon disappeared after fixation in formalin solution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3AA49FA3FE138F9C0" blockId="17.[826,1441,1452,1903]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8CFFC3AA49FA3FE153FA59" box="[826,1033,1453,1474]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">
|
||
Larvae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A55FF8CFFC3AAD5FA3FE6A1FA59" box="[934,1019,1453,1474]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="15.[164,243,1145,1164]" captionTargetBox="[387,1219,196,1115]" captionTargetId="figure-336@15.[387,1219,195,1115]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 7. Adults and larvae of three Meristogenys species treated in this study. A, B, Meristogenys stigmachilus sp. nov. (BORNEENSIS 12512 and 03B1 from Mahua). C, D, Meristogenys stenocephalus sp. nov. (B12808 and 05B217 from Ulu Senagang). E, F, Meristogenys whiteheadi (B22971 and 05B209 from Wario). Scale bars: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5494067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5494067/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We examined
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D5CFD59FF8CFFC3ADA6FA3EE023FA59" box="[1237,1401,1452,1474]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" type="generic">26 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of stage 26–40 of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B21FF8CFFC3AA99FA59E1D7FA7A" author="Gosner K" box="[1002,1165,1483,1505]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" pagination="183 - 190" refId="ref19694" refString="Gosner K. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae, with notes on identification. Herpetologica 16: 183 - 190." type="journal article" year="1960">Gosner (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from Sg. Tinuman and Ulu Senagang. Head–body length ranges from
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3AC10FA7BE6C7F985" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.375" metricValueMax="1.49" metricValueMin="1.26" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="13.75" valueMax="14.9" valueMin="12.6">12.6– 14.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in stages 26–29,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3AD17F99AE05EF985" box="[1124,1284,1544,1566]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.765" metricValueMax="1.89" metricValueMin="1.64" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="17.65" valueMax="18.9" valueMin="16.4">16.4–18.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in stages 30– 33, 19.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3AAD0F9B5E15FF9A7" box="[931,1029,1575,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.21" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="22.1">22.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in stages 34–37, and
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8CFFC3AC72F9B5E0FBF9A7" box="[1281,1441,1575,1596]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.28" metricValueMax="2.44" metricValueMin="2.12" pageId="17" pageNumber="174" unit="mm" value="22.799999999999997" valueMax="24.4" valueMin="21.2">21.2–24.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in stages 38–40 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D8036BFF8CFFC3AA8CF9D7E10EF9C0" box="[1023,1108,1605,1627]" captionStart="Table 7" captionStartId="14.[144,208,526,547]" captionText="Table 7. Measurements of larval Meristogenys examined in this study" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Table 7</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC3AA20F9F6E17DF94E" blockId="17.[826,1441,1452,1903]" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Head–body oval, broadly rounded at snout, flat below, eyes dorsolateral, not visible from below, pointing outward; nostril open, rim not raised, closer to eye than to tip of snout.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8CFFC0AA20F94CE4A6FE74" blockId="17.[826,1441,1452,1903]" lastBlockId="18.[144,759,198,1291]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="175" pageId="17" pageNumber="174">Oral disk ventral; upper lip separated from snout by a groove; upper lip with short marginal papillae in lateral third, inframarginal papillae near corner; lower lip with uninterrupted row of short marginal papillae; LTRF 7(4–7)/7(1) to 7(4–7)/8(1); upper jaw sheaths M-shaped, lower jaw sheaths V-shaped; upper jaw sheaths divided; lower jaw sheaths undivided; jaw sheaths heavy, completely black except for outer margins covered by thin film; upper sheath film thicker than the lower sheath film; outer surface of lower jaw sheaths with several weak ribs; margin finely serrate, 8–19 and 7–13 serrae on half of upper and lower jaw sheaths, respectively; a large suctorial abdominal disk following oral disk; peripheral part of disk darkened and keratinized.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8FFFC0A9DBFE6AE45EFBE9" blockId="18.[144,759,198,1291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Spiracle sinistral; tube moderately long, length subequal to length of eyeball, pointing upward and backward, free of body wall for half its length; anal tube median, free of tail; tail heavily muscled, dorsal margin strongly convex, deepest before middle, tapering to slightly pointed tip; caudal muscle deeper than fins in basal half; dorsal fin origin behind body, fin deeper than ventral fin, except in final fourth; ventral fin origin at end of proximal third of tail; head–body with four pairs of glandular clusters; a postorbital cluster about an eye length behind eye, with between one and six glands; a infraorbital at the base of snout, with up to three glands; a prespiracular cluster just anterior to the spiracle, with up to nine glands; a midlateral at the posterior end of the body, with up to six glands; no dorsal fin glands; up to six ventral fin glands; whole head–body scattered dorsally with minute protuberances in older larvae; the area occupied by spinules, and their density larger in older larvae than in younger larvae; lateral line pores indistinct.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8FFFC0A9DBFBE8E746FA90" blockId="18.[144,759,198,1291]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Head–body light brown dorsally and laterally, sometimes posterior half of lateral surface dark brown; caudal muscle light brown; fins translucent, with scattered pigmentations; pigmentations densely covering both fins in older larvae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8FFFC0A9E3FAC3E743F9E1" blockId="18.[144,759,1361,1658]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8FFFC0A9E3FAC3E584FAFD" box="[144,222,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Range:</emphasis>
|
||
Besides the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E18872FF8FFFC0A8E2FAC3E498FAFD" box="[401,450,1361,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (Ulu Senagang;
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0A9E3FAFDE58CFA1E" box="[144,214,1391,1413]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), this species has been collected from Kimanis (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0A86EFA1CE439FA38" box="[285,355,1422,1443]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="820.0">820 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), Kepipiyo (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0AB16FA1CE7F1FA38" box="[613,683,1422,1443]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="380.0">380 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), Melalap (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0A98CFA3FE41CFA59" box="[255,326,1453,1474]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), Mendolong (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0AB5DFA3EE72FFA59" box="[558,629,1452,1474]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="590.0">590 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.), and Sg. Tinuman (
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0A846FA59E426FA7B" box="[309,380,1483,1505]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.). The larvae collected from the Kaingeran River (a part of larva D in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B21FF8FFFC0AB06FA78E7ADFA64" author="Inger RF" box="[629,759,1513,1535]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 402" refId="ref19808" refString="Inger RF. 1966. The systematics and zoogeography of the Amphibia of Borneo. Fieldiana: Zoology 52: 1 - 402." type="journal article" year="1966">Inger, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B21FF8FFFC0A9B1F99BE4F6F985" author="Inger RF & Gritis PA" box="[194,428,1544,1566]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref19884" refString="Inger RF, Gritis PA. 1983. Variation in Bornean frogs of the Amolops jerboa species group, with descriptions of two species. Fieldiana: Zoology New Series 19: 1 - 13." type="book chapter" year="1983">Inger & Gritis, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) also seem to be this species (see comparison with known larvae). This species is most likely distributed in hilly areas of the Crocker Range, Western
|
||
<collectingRegion id="499EF832FF8FFFC0A823F9F6E4C0F9E1" box="[336,410,1636,1658]" country="Malaysia" name="Sabah" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Sabah</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D7640FF8FFFC0A8DAF9F6E74FF9E1" box="[425,533,1636,1658]" name="Malaysia" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8FFFC0A9E3F952E7C1F8F4" blockId="18.[144,759,1728,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8FFFC0A9E3F952E412F94E" box="[144,328,1728,1749]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Larvae collected in
|
||
<date id="FFE41010FF8FFFC0AB41F952E799F94E" box="[562,707,1728,1749]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" value="2003-08">August 2003</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="FFE41010FF8FFFC0A9E3F94CE41EF96F" box="[144,324,1758,1780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" value="2006-11">November 2006</date>
|
||
at Ulu Senagang and in
|
||
<date id="FFE41010FF8FFFC0AB1EF94CE7ADF968" box="[621,759,1758,1780]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" value="2007-03">March 2007</date>
|
||
at Sg. Tinuman, showed a wide range of developmental stages. Thus, there seems to be no particular reproductive season. Larvae were collected from rivers of
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0A989F8CBE406F8F5" box="[250,348,1881,1903]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="m" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 m</quantity>
|
||
in width in both localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536D0FF8FFFC0AA55FF54E6E5FDB7" blockId="18.[806,1421,198,556]" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAC2FF8FFFC0AA55FF54E6CDFF40" box="[806,919,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Variation:</emphasis>
|
||
Males and females differ greatly in SVL (male, 48.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0AAB3FF76E17EFF61" box="[960,1060,228,250]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.04" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="60.4">60.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; female,
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B35FF8FFFC0ADD6FF76E01CFF61" box="[1189,1350,228,250]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.155" metricValueMax="8.66" metricValueMin="7.65" pageId="18" pageNumber="175" unit="mm" value="81.55" valueMax="86.6" valueMin="76.5">76.5–86.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and relative ratio of TDh and TDv to SVL (male, 8.0– 10.1% in TDh, 6.6–9.6% in TDv; female, 6.3–6.9% in TDh, 5.5–5.8% in TDv; see
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6D8036BFF8FFFC0AD10FED2E1E2FECD" box="[1123,1208,320,342]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="10.[144,208,433,454]" captionText="Table 4. Comparisons of snout–vent length (SVL, means ± 2SE, followed by ranges in parenthesis, in mm) and percentage ratios of each of the other character dimensions compared with SVL (medians, followed by ranges in parenthesis) in Meristogenys cf. whiteheadi" pageId="18" pageNumber="175">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). The iris of specimens from Ulu Senagang was bicoloured, as shown above, whereas those from Kimanis were bicoloured, with yellow above and reddish orange below. We have no information for iris coloration of specimens from other localities. Dorsal coloration changes from dark brown to light brown depending on the surrounding environment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |