761 lines
93 KiB
XML
761 lines
93 KiB
XML
<document id="2726DB2FA6EED1ECE429701F4546F528" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3919.2.8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7481c9c7-cebe-4f61-ab79-2966d3f14f6a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="243332" ID-ZooBank="DA3D4F61-2483-42AA-BA7E-7C97F6976821" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460991977823" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Martins, Luciana & Souto, Camilla" docDate="2015" docId="03F387A8FFCC4F42FF1CF92A51ECFD9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03919p374.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3919 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Euthyonidiella occidentalis Ludwig 1875, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="368" masterDocId="FFCAFFD0FFCD4F44FF8BFF99526AFF83" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of four western Atlantic dendrochirotids (Holothuroidea) with the description of a new Brazilian cucumariid species and designation of neotypes" masterLastPageNumber="374" masterPageNumber="362" pageNumber="363" updateTime="1698561840332" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="390F71530795B6CCA8511A498EE91847">
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<mods:title id="B40BA7BA5551C3013212E33AC332BF28">Taxonomic review of four western Atlantic dendrochirotids (Holothuroidea) with the description of a new Brazilian cucumariid species and designation of neotypes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="669B1141C1C3165E5F1132A1297C41FB">Martins, Luciana</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2BB27B176209F7E2666C6B7CFE09CBC2">Souto, Camilla</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D3543BDA586EF6EE24DE49E922490275">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="E7FEA4B4360438075575C41E3A01A549">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="44F4CD083262A304BC3596F9BE65C8AB">
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<mods:date id="8539AD6771950AA491D268DBBE93F44A">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="622978080745F6C38874F7CD28D0C952" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CD7243D4F424D7DB4D9A764283E62B1C">3919</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="709E7C70E7C33DE31035837D0FFA2AAD">2</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C954B4AB87491C326A937BA5ADE3BDFD" type="GBIF-Dataset">7481c9c7-cebe-4f61-ab79-2966d3f14f6a</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03F387A8FFCC4F42FF1CF92A51ECFD9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6119419" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119596779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6119419" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F387A8FFCC4F42FF1CF92A51ECFD9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387A8FFCC4F42FF1CF92A51ECFD9B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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<subSubSection id="C3406535FFCC4F45FF1CF92A5345F96D" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCC4F45FF1CF92A5140F94E" blockId="1.[151,810,1715,1774]" box="[151,810,1715,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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<heading id="D0AD81D2FFCC4F45FF1CF92A5140F94E" bold="true" box="[151,810,1715,1741]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF92A5140F94E" bold="true" box="[151,810,1715,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCC4F45FF1CF92A50F7F94E" ID-CoL="3DDLW" authority="Ludwig 1875" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,669,1715,1741]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF92A538AF94E" bold="true" box="[151,480,1715,1741]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCC4F45FE64F92A50FFF94E" author="Ludwig" box="[495,661,1715,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" refString="Ludwig, H. L. (1875) Beitragezur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeitenausdem Zoologischen Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2 (2), 77 - 120." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig 1875</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCC4F45FD2FF92A5140F94E" box="[676,810,1715,1741]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCC4F45FF1CF94C5345F96D" blockId="1.[151,810,1715,1774]" box="[151,303,1749,1774]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCC4F45FF15F94C534CF96D" box="[158,294,1749,1774]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1061,1083]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1778,1800]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox-0="[150,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetBox-1="[150,1436,301,1039]" captionTargetBox-2="[150,1436,1225,1756]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[150,1437,301,1040]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[150,1437,1225,1756]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875) (MZUSP 1139): (A) lateral view of body, and (B) calcareous ring. Additional specimens, in vivo, (UFBA 1379 A): (C) lateral view of body (on the left, notice calcareous ring visible across the translucent body wall); (D) specimen relaxed in the aquaria (in the bottom left, drawing of one tentacle); and (E) detail of expanded dendritic tentacles in lateral view; (UFBA 1335): (F) brownish dendritic tentacles (white arrow indicates inner circle of tentacles). Scale bars: A, 4 cm; B, 0.2 cm; C – D, 3 cm; E – F, 1 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067 A): (A – B) calcareous ring (white arrow indicates broken points on a posterior process); SEM images of (C) the calcareous ring stereom; (D) a radial plate, (E) the anterior view of a radial plate (white arrow indicates the insertion point of the retractor muscle), and (F) an interradial plate. Scale bars: A – B, 1 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067 A): (A) red arrow indicates insertion of stone canal, yellow arrow indicates the madreporite, and white arrows indicate the two Polian vesicles attached to the calcareous ring; (B) red arrow indicates the stone canal in detail and the yellow arrow indicated the madreporite; and (C) detail of Polian vesicles." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/243333/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/243334/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/243335/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Figures 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3406535FFCC4F45FF1CF88451A2F82D" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCC4F45FF1CF88450EFF8B0" blockId="1.[151,968,1821,1966]" box="[151,645,1821,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4A1190FFCC4F45FF1CF88450EFF8B0" box="[151,645,1821,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCC4F45FF1CF8845026F8B0" authority="Ludwig 1875: 119" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1875" box="[151,588,1821,1843]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Cucumariidae" genus="Thyonidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentale">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF88453E0F8B0" box="[151,394,1821,1843]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Thyonidium occidentale</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFB10AFFFCC4F45FE1AF8845026F8B0" author="Ludwig" box="[401,588,1821,1843]" page="119" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" year="1875">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCC4F45FE1AF8845076F8B0" author="Ludwig" box="[401,540,1821,1843]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" refString="Ludwig, H. L. (1875) Beitragezur Kenntniss der Holothurien. Arbeitenausdem Zoologischen Zootomischen Institut in Wurzburg, 2 (2), 77 - 120." type="journal article" year="1875">Ludwig 1875</bibRefCitation>
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: 119
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–120.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCC4F45FF1CF8A55037F8F3" blockId="1.[151,968,1821,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4A1190FFCC4F45FF1CF8A55037F8F3" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCC4F45FF1CF8A55005F8D1" ID-CoL="3DDLR" authority="Cherbonnier 1961: 611" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityPageNumber="611" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,623,1852,1874]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentata">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF8A55314F8D1" box="[151,382,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Euthyonidiella dentata</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AFB10AFFFCC4F45FE0FF8A55005F8D1" author="Cherbonnier" box="[388,623,1852,1874]" page="611" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" year="1961">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCC4F45FE0FF8A55055F8D1" author="Cherbonnier" box="[388,575,1852,1874]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1961) Deux Nouvelles especes d'holothuries Dendrochirotes des cotes Bresilienes. Bulletin do Museum National d'histoire Naturelle, 33 (6), 611 - 615." type="journal article" year="1961">Cherbonnier 1961</bibRefCitation>
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: 611
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
–613, fig. 1.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCC4F45FF1CF8C35326F8F3" box="[151,332,1882,1904]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Thyone" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="constituta">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF8C35326F8F3" box="[151,332,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Thyone constituta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFB10AFFFCC4F45FEEEF8C3507DF8F3" author="Sluiter" box="[357,535,1882,1904]" page="340" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" year="1910">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCC4F45FEEEF8C3538FF8F3" author="Sluiter" box="[357,485,1882,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1910) Westindische Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 11 (Supplement), 331 - 342." type="journal article" year="1910">Sluiter 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 340
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. F.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCC4F45FF1CF8E051A2F82D" blockId="1.[151,968,1821,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4A1190FFCC4F45FF1CF8E051A2F82D" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCC4F45FF1CF8E053F5F80C" box="[151,415,1913,1935]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF8E053F5F80C" box="[151,415,1913,1935]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Phyllophorus occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFB10AFFFCC4F45FE32F8E050F6F80C" author="Deichmann" box="[441,668,1913,1935]" page="148" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" year="1930">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCC4F45FE32F8E05000F80C" author="Deichmann" box="[441,618,1913,1935]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 148
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</treatmentCitation>
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, pl. 18.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCC4F45FF1CF8015044F82D" box="[151,558,1944,1966]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus="Urodemella">
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF801534AF82D" box="[151,288,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Phyllophorus</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FEA5F80153CCF82D" box="[302,422,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Urodemella</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FE3FF8015044F82D" box="[436,558,1944,1966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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<treatmentCitation id="0AFB10AFFFCC4F45FDC2F801511EF82D" author="Heding" box="[585,884,1944,1966]" page="164" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" year="1954">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCC4F45FDC2F8015128F82D" author="Heding" box="[585,834,1944,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae: eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologische Musei Hauniensis, 13, 7 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding & Panning 1954</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 164
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 76.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3406535FFCC4F46FF1CF84351AEFB67" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCC4F46FF1CF843503AFF57" blockId="1.[151,1436,2010,2035]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="364" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCC4F45FF1CF843532CF870" bold="true" box="[151,326,2010,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCC4F45FF1CF84352B8F870" box="[151,210,2010,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Type</typeStatus>
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||
material.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCC4F45FEC5F84253DBF870" box="[334,433,2011,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
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||
: designated herein, Itapuã beach,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCC4F45FCB8F84351F2F870" box="[819,920,2010,2035]" name="El Salvador" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Salvador</collectingCountry>
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||
, BA,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCC4F45FC50F8435675F870" box="[987,1055,2010,2035]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="363">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCC4F45FBBAF84356F3F870" box="[1073,1177,2010,2035]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCC4F45FB2CF8425771F870" box="[1191,1307,2011,2035]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="363" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
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||
): intertidal,
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||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FF1CFF015339FF33" box="[151,339,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="2014-01-12">12 January 2014</date>
|
||
, 1 spm
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FE22FF01538AFF2C" box="[425,480,152,176]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FDACFF0150ECFF33" box="[551,646,152,176]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1139). [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCF4F46FD69FF0E5127FF33" box="[738,845,151,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
originally at the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FB86FF015627FF2C" box="[1037,1101,152,175]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8syf-d21i" name="Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (Zoological Collections)" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">ZMB</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCF4F46FBD2FF0156E3FF33" box="[1113,1161,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FB78FF0E570BFF33" box="[1267,1377,151,176]" name="Suriname" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
, now lost (Dr. Carsten Lueter, pers. comm.)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFF4657EAFD07" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFF465395FF7B" bold="true" box="[199,511,223,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Other material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FD83FF79500EFF74" box="[520,612,224,247]" name="Panama" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Caribbean Sea: 1973, 5 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FC4DFF465671FF74" box="[966,1051,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FBEDFF7956D3FF7B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1126,1209,224,248]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9409AB5DFFCF4F46FB4AFF79574CFF7B" box="[1217,1318,224,248]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/E22300" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" type="EnaNcbi">E 22300</accessionNumber>
|
||
). Itaparica Island, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FEA2FE9D5307FE9E" box="[297,365,260,285]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FE08FE9D5384FE9F" box="[387,494,260,285]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-12.9">12°54’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FD8BFE9D5012FE9F" box="[512,632,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-38.616665">38°37’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FD1AFE9C5132FE9F" box="[657,856,260,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1993-02-07">7 February 1993</date>
|
||
, 1 spm
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FC36FE9D5190FE9F" box="[957,1018,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FBC7FE9D56CAFE9F" box="[1100,1184,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
1719). Itapuã beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FF1CFEBE5296FEC3" box="[151,252,295,320]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FEC8FEBE53EDFEC3" box="[323,391,295,320]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FE10FEBE506EFEC3" box="[411,516,295,320]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-12.95">12°57’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FD9FFEB150E0FEC3" box="[532,650,296,320]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-38.35">38°21’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
): intertidal,
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FC9CFEB151B0FEC3" box="[791,986,296,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="2014-01-12">12 January 2014</date>
|
||
, 4 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FBCEFEBE56F6FEBC" box="[1093,1180,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FB61FEB15723FEC3" box="[1258,1353,296,320]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
1067). Amaralina beach,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FEE8FED553A2FEE6" box="[355,456,332,357]" name="El Salvador" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FD8CFED55021FEE6" box="[519,587,332,357]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FDD0FED550ABFEE7" box="[603,705,332,356]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-13.0">13°00’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FD46FED55155FEE7" box="[717,831,332,356]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-38.466667">38°28’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
): intertidal,
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FC4EFED5563CFEE7" box="[965,1110,332,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="2008-04-08">8 April 2008</date>
|
||
, 3 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FB3DFED55763FEE7" box="[1206,1289,332,357]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FADBFED557F6FEE7" box="[1360,1436,332,356]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">UFBA</collectionCode>
|
||
635); intertidal,
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FEDBFEE95398FE0B" box="[336,498,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="2011-04-19">19 April 2011</date>
|
||
, 14 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FDEDFEE950A3FE04" box="[614,713,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="2.0">2–10 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FC9FFEE9510BFE0B" box="[788,865,368,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">UFBA</collectionCode>
|
||
1335); intertidal,
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FBBAFEE956B9FE0B" box="[1073,1235,367,392]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="2011-04-21">21 April 2011</date>
|
||
, 19 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FACCFEF657F6FE04" box="[1351,1436,367,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FF53FE0D534FFE2F" box="[216,293,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">UFBA</collectionCode>
|
||
1341); intertidal,
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FE7AFE0D5016FE2F" box="[497,636,404,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="2011-05-01">1 May 2011</date>
|
||
, 1 spm
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FD5FFE0D5161FE2F" box="[724,779,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FCDEFE0D51C8FE2F" box="[853,930,404,428]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">UFBA</collectionCode>
|
||
1379). Porto Seguro, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FB5AFE0D577FFE2E" box="[1233,1301,404,429]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FAADFE0D57F2FE2F" box="[1318,1432,404,429]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-16.416666">16°25’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FF1CFE215297FE53" box="[151,253,440,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-39.033333">39°02’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FE98FE2153A3FE53" box="[275,457,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1980-08-27">27 August 1980</date>
|
||
, 11 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FDB3FE2E50E1FE4C" box="[568,651,439,464]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FD5FFE215142FE53" box="[724,808,440,464]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
607). Cumuruxatiba, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FBDEFE2E56F3FE53" box="[1109,1177,439,464]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FB21FE2E577AFE53" box="[1194,1296,439,464]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-17.933332">17°56’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FA96FE2157FAFE53" box="[1309,1424,440,464]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-39.2">39°12’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FF1CFE45533FFE77" box="[151,341,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1982-10-14">14 October 1982</date>
|
||
, 2 spms 2.5 cm long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FDCCFE4550E5FE77" box="[583,655,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/pjvz-tkai" name="Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">UFPB</collectionCode>
|
||
1876). Abrolhos, BA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FC04FE4551B9FE76" box="[911,979,476,501]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FC68FE455622FE77" box="[995,1096,476,500]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-18.05">18°03’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FBDFFE4556ADFE77" box="[1108,1223,476,500]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-38.683334">38°41’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FB51FE4557F2FE77" box="[1242,1432,476,501]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1997-10-29">29 October 1997</date>
|
||
, 7 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FF7BFE66532EFD94" box="[240,324,511,536]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FE04FD995389FD9B" box="[399,483,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
1878);
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FDB5FD9950B0FD9B" box="[574,730,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1998-05-31">31 May 1998</date>
|
||
, 1 spm 3.5 cm long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FC46FD99564BFD9B" box="[973,1057,512,536]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
1879). Piloto beach, Vitória, ES,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FF1CFDBD52B1FDBE" box="[151,219,548,573]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FF60FDBD5338FDBF" box="[235,338,548,572]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-19.816668">19°49’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FED4FDBD53B8FDBF" box="[351,466,548,572]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-40.033333">40°02’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FE6DFDBD50C9FDBF" box="[486,675,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1979-01-28">28 January 1979</date>
|
||
, 1 spm
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FD71FDBD515BFDBF" box="[762,817,548,572]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FCF1FDBD51A4FDBF" box="[890,974,548,572]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
726);
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FB93FDBD56C6FDBF" box="[1048,1196,548,573]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1981-07-20">20 July 1981</date>
|
||
, 3 spms
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FA84FDBD5708FDBF" box="[1295,1378,548,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="3.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.0">2–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FF15FDD15298FDE3" box="[158,242,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
726). Armação beach, Búzios, RJ,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FD1BFDDE50BEFDE3" box="[656,724,583,608]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FD6CFDDE513AFDE3" box="[743,848,583,608]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-22.75">22°45’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FCD4FDDE51BEFDE3" box="[863,980,583,608]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-41.85">41°51’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FC60FDD15614FDE3" box="[1003,1150,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1983-05-01">May 1983, 1</date>
|
||
spm
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FB4AFDD15691FDDC" box="[1217,1275,584,608]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FAC3FDD157F6FDE3" box="[1352,1436,584,608]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
891). Ferradura beach, Búzios, RJ,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FDA8FDF5500DFD06" box="[547,615,620,645]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FDFCFDF550B7FD07" box="[631,733,620,645]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-22.766666">22°46’ S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE6E5079FFCF4F46FD62FDF55136FD07" box="[745,860,620,645]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" precision="925" value="-41.866665">41°52’ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
):
|
||
<date id="FFE4107EFFCF4F46FCE4FDF55662FD07" box="[879,1032,620,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" value="1999-05-12">12 May 1999</date>
|
||
, 1 spm
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FBD6FDF556FEFD07" box="[1117,1172,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FB57FDF5575AFD07" box="[1244,1328,620,644]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">EQMN</collectionCode>
|
||
1923).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFD1656B0FD73" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFD16503BFD2B" bold="true" box="[199,593,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Comparative material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FDDCFD16513DFD2B" box="[599,855,655,680]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDDCFD16513DFD2B" box="[599,855,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Euthyonidiella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCF4F46FCF8FD1651BEFD2B" box="[883,980,655,680]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
slides deposited in the
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED4BAE7BFFCF4F46FB52FD095745FD24" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1241,1327,656,679]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
(edentata dorsal hol 001; edentata dorsal hol 002; edentata dorsal hol 003; edentatatenthol 001; edentatatenthol 002; edentatatenthol 003; edentata ventral hol 001; edentata ventral hol 002; edentata ventral hol 003).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFD6550BAFC03" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFD6553C2FC96" bold="true" box="[199,424,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCF4F46FF4CFD655343FC96" box="[199,297,764,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
diagnosis.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body U-shaped; twenty tentacles distributed in two circles (10+10), the inner circle has smallest tentacles. Calcareous ring compact; radials with short and undivided posterior processes. Deposits in body wall are tables with two pillars low spire, and dentate margins; introvert with rosettes and tables; tentacles with rods and rosettes; tube feet with rods and endplate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFC1551AEFB67" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFC1553ABFC26" bold="true" box="[199,449,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFCF4F46FF4CFC155343FC26" box="[199,297,908,933]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" type="neotype">Neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
description.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body U-shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FD1FFC1550BDFC27" box="[660,727,908,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875) (MZUSP 1139): (A) lateral view of body, and (B) calcareous ring. Additional specimens, in vivo, (UFBA 1379 A): (C) lateral view of body (on the left, notice calcareous ring visible across the translucent body wall); (D) specimen relaxed in the aquaria (in the bottom left, drawing of one tentacle); and (E) detail of expanded dendritic tentacles in lateral view; (UFBA 1335): (F) brownish dendritic tentacles (white arrow indicates inner circle of tentacles). Scale bars: A, 4 cm; B, 0.2 cm; C – D, 3 cm; E – F, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C, D). Tube feet scattered over entire body. 20 tentacles arranged in 2 circles (10+10): 5 large pairs in outer circle alternating with 5 small pairs in inner circle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FA91FC365730FC4B" box="[1306,1370,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875) (MZUSP 1139): (A) lateral view of body, and (B) calcareous ring. Additional specimens, in vivo, (UFBA 1379 A): (C) lateral view of body (on the left, notice calcareous ring visible across the translucent body wall); (D) specimen relaxed in the aquaria (in the bottom left, drawing of one tentacle); and (E) detail of expanded dendritic tentacles in lateral view; (UFBA 1335): (F) brownish dendritic tentacles (white arrow indicates inner circle of tentacles). Scale bars: A, 4 cm; B, 0.2 cm; C – D, 3 cm; E – F, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
E, F). Anal region bears five groups with three papillae each. Calcareous ring compact; radials with a deep anterior notch, and short and undivided posterior processes; interradials slightly shorter than the radials, with a broad base that overlap with the radials, and very short posterior bifurcation (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FCC9FB8051E6FBB1" box="[834,908,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1492,1514]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[150,1436,193,1470]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875) (MZUSP 1139): (A) lateral view of body, and (B) calcareous ring. Additional specimens, in vivo, (UFBA 1379 A): (C) lateral view of body (on the left, notice calcareous ring visible across the translucent body wall); (D) specimen relaxed in the aquaria (in the bottom left, drawing of one tentacle); and (E) detail of expanded dendritic tentacles in lateral view; (UFBA 1335): (F) brownish dendritic tentacles (white arrow indicates inner circle of tentacles). Scale bars: A, 4 cm; B, 0.2 cm; C – D, 3 cm; E – F, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243333/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 2). Two Polian vesicles
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FB32FB835693FBB2" box="[1209,1273,1050,1074]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FAB4FB8057EAFBB1" box="[1343,1408,1049,1074]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1225,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1437,1225,1756]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067 A): (A) red arrow indicates insertion of stone canal, yellow arrow indicates the madreporite, and white arrows indicate the two Polian vesicles attached to the calcareous ring; (B) red arrow indicates the stone canal in detail and the yellow arrow indicated the madreporite; and (C) detail of Polian vesicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, C), madreporite filamentous, stone canal 4.8 mm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FC9AFBA4513EFBD5" box="[785,852,1085,1110]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1778,1800]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,1225,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1437,1225,1756]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067 A): (A) red arrow indicates insertion of stone canal, yellow arrow indicates the madreporite, and white arrows indicate the two Polian vesicles attached to the calcareous ring; (B) red arrow indicates the stone canal in detail and the yellow arrow indicated the madreporite; and (C) detail of Polian vesicles." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243335/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B). Deposits: body wall tables (40–60 Μm) with dentate margins, 4–8 perforations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FDA4FBF9501CFBFA" box="[559,630,1120,1145]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
A), and a reduced spire with two short pillars ending in four spines; introvert with rosettes (30–60 Μm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FDB5FB1D50EFFB1E" box="[574,645,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and tables with several perforations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FBEBFB1D56C2FB1E" box="[1120,1192,1156,1181]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D); tentacles with rudimentary rods (35–75 Μm) (Fig. E) and rosettes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FD69FB3E514DFB43" box="[738,807,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
B); tube feet with rods (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FBBEFB3E5612FB43" box="[1077,1144,1191,1216]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
E) and endplate (150–300 Μm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCF4F46FF5FFB525372FB60" box="[212,280,1227,1252]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1876,1898]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1435,265,1855]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Neotype of Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles— (A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C – D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A – E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
F). Body color light brown (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDDFFB5550CAFB60" box="[596,672,1228,1251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
and preserved specimen).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3406535FFCF4F42FF4CFB7751ECFD9B" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="368" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFB7757FAFAA9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFB77530AFA84" bold="true" box="[199,352,1262,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FEECFB7653DEFA84" box="[359,436,1263,1287]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Florida), Caribbean Sea (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FD57FB775151FA84" box="[732,827,1262,1287]" name="Antigua and Barbuda" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Antigua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FCCDFB7751E5FA84" box="[838,911,1262,1287]" name="Aruba" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Aruba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FC12FB77566CFA84" box="[921,1030,1262,1287]" name="Barbados" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FB9AFB7656F2FA84" box="[1041,1176,1262,1287]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FB28FB7757FAFA84" box="[1187,1424,1262,1287]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FF1CFA8B5369FAA8" box="[151,259,1298,1323]" name="Suriname" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFCF4F46FEB2FA8B5317FAA8" box="[313,381,1298,1323]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(up to Rio de Janeiro); depth: intertidal region up to
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FC44FA8B5193FAA9" box="[975,1017,1298,1322]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="m" value="2.0">2 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCF4F46FB83FA8B56B4FAA8" author="Hendler" box="[1032,1246,1298,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FBE0FA8A56C9FAA8" box="[1131,1187,1298,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFAAC512FFAF2" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFAAC53E6FACD" bold="true" box="[199,396,1333,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Biological notes.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FDB2FAAE5088FACD" box="[569,738,1333,1358]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDB2FAAE5088FACD" box="[569,738,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCF4F46FD67FAAC5100FACE" box="[748,874,1333,1358]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
live burrowed in soft sediment, under rocks and associated with seagrass (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCF4F46FE3EFAC050F8FAF1" author="Hendler" box="[437,658,1369,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" refString="Hendler, G., Miller, J. E., Pawson, D. L. & Kier, P. M. (1995) Sea stars, sea urchins and allies: echinoderms of Florida and the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 390 pp." type="book" year="1995">
|
||
Hendler
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FD93FAC3503BFAF1" box="[536,593,1369,1394]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present paper).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CFAE55768F9E9" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF4CFAE5531CFA16" bold="true" box="[199,374,1404,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Genus change.</emphasis>
|
||
We noticed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FDBDFAE55100FA16" box="[566,874,1404,1429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDBDFAE55100FA16" box="[566,874,1404,1429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCF4F46FCF9FAE55185FA17" box="[882,1007,1404,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
was distinct from the members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FF7AFA0653F6FA3B" box="[241,412,1439,1464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by possessing a calcareous ring compact, which in turn characterizes the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FF1CFA5A533FFA5F" box="[151,341,1475,1500]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Sclerodactylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Within this family, this species should be placed within the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FB1DFA5A5747FA5F" box="[1174,1325,1475,1500]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladolabinae">Cladolabinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is characterized by the presence of 15–20 tentacles (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FD5DFA71509FFA7C" box="[726,757,1512,1535]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
10 tentacles in Sclerodactylinae and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FB28FA7F5734FA7C" box="[1187,1374,1510,1535]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sclerothyoninae">Sclerothyoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and within this subfamily, this species fits perfectly the diagnosis of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FB90F99356AAF9A0" box="[1051,1216,1546,1571]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FB90F99356AAF9A0" box="[1051,1216,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Euthyonidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by possessing 20 tentacles (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FE80F9B65343F9C5" box="[267,297,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FEB9F9B45307F9C5" box="[306,365,1581,1606]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="in" value="15.0">15 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FEFDF9B4538DF9C5" box="[374,487,1581,1606]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Clarkiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FEFDF9B4538DF9C5" box="[374,487,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Clarkiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), short spired tables in the body wall (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FC2CF9B651AFF9C5" box="[935,965,1583,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
no tables in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FBD7F9B75682F9C5" box="[1116,1256,1582,1606]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Afrocucumis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FBD7F9B75682F9C5" box="[1116,1256,1582,1606]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Afrocucumis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and tall spired tables in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FF77F9C85316F9E9" box="[252,380,1617,1642]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Cladolabes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF77F9C85316F9E9" box="[252,380,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Cladolabes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and regular rods and plates (vs. thorny rods and spinuos plates in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FBFBF9C8569BF9E9" box="[1136,1265,1617,1642]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Ohshimella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FBFBF9C8569BF9E9" box="[1136,1265,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Ohshimella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CF9EC51D1F899" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCF4F46FF4CF9EC5027F90E" author="Pawson" box="[199,589,1652,1677]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" refString="Pawson, D. L. & Miller, J. E. (1992) Phyllophorus (Urodemella) arenicola, a new sublittoral sea cucumber from the southeastern United States (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105 (3), 483 - 489." type="journal article" year="1992" yearSuffix="p">Pawson & Miller (1992, p. 483)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed inconsistencies regarding the tentacles’ arrangement and the morphology of the calcareous ring within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FC91F90151F4F932" box="[794,926,1688,1713]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Urodemella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FC91F90151F4F932" box="[794,926,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Urodemella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; nevertheless, they preferred to describe the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FF65F92251F2F957" authority="Pawson & Miller 1992" authorityName="Pawson & Miller" authorityYear="1992" box="[238,920,1723,1748]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Urodemella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF65F92253EFF957" box="[238,389,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Phyllophorus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FE1FF9225073F957" box="[404,537,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Urodemella</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDA2F92250F9F957" box="[553,659,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCF4F46FD11F92551F2F957" author="Pawson" box="[666,920,1723,1748]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" refString="Pawson, D. L. & Miller, J. E. (1992) Phyllophorus (Urodemella) arenicola, a new sublittoral sea cucumber from the southeastern United States (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 105 (3), 483 - 489." type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Pawson & Miller
|
||
<quantity id="4CA29B5BFFCF4F46FCEBF92551F2F957" box="[864,920,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05968" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" unit="in" value="1992.0">1992</quantity>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this subgenus because of its similarity
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FAECF9245374F97B" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FA0FF9245374F97B" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">E. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCF4F46FEA0F94653C6F974" box="[299,428,1759,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Therefore, we believe that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FD70F97951AAF97B" box="[763,960,1759,1784]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" subGenus="Urodemella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FD70F9795167F974" box="[763,781,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FCAEF979512AF974" box="[805,832,1760,1783]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">U.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FCDDF94651AAF97B" box="[854,960,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should also be transferred to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FF1CF89B5356F898" box="[151,316,1794,1819]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FF1CF89B5356F898" box="[151,316,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Euthyonidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and be accepted as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FDA9F89B515DF898" box="[546,823,1794,1819]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDA9F89B515DF898" box="[546,823,1794,1819]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Euthyonidiella arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCF4F46FCB4F89B51D1F899" box="[831,955,1794,1819]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCF4F46FF4CF8BE574AF86C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,2032]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">
|
||
A revision of the families
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FD88F8BF50C4F8BC" box="[515,686,1830,1855]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FD65F8BF51C3F8BC" box="[750,937,1830,1855]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Sclerodactylidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is needed since the classification of these dendrochirotids was built on divergent opinions and an agreement has not yet been reached. Regarding the calcareous ring, there are clearly two extreme morphologies that define the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FB01F8F4575FF805" box="[1162,1333,1901,1926]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Phyllophoridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the subfamily Sclerodactylinae: plates subdivided in a mosaic of pieces
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FC1FF80851D8F82B" box="[916,946,1937,1960]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
plates compact (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCF4F46FB10F8095750F82A" author="Thandar" box="[1179,1338,1936,1961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" refString="Thandar, A. S. (1989) The Sclerodactylid holothurians of southern Africa, with the erection of one new subfamily and two new genera (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). South African Journal of Zoology, 24 (4), 290 - 304." type="journal article" year="1989">Thandar 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 1A, B). However, the calcareous ring of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FDB2F82D50BAF84E" box="[569,720,1972,1997]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCF4F46FDB2F82D50BAF84E" box="[569,720,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="364">Phyllophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(i.e. plates subdivided in large pieces) and of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCF4F46FB6DF82D57F6F84E" box="[1254,1436,1972,1997]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="2" pageNumber="364" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Sclerothyoninae">Sclerothyoninae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(radial processes long and subdivided in small pieces), for instance, fall in between those two extremes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF256636FFCE4F47FF1CFA4D51AFF9E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243333/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="365" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1469]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCE4F47FF1CFA4D51AFF9E7" blockId="3.[151,1436,1492,1636]" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCE4F47FF1CFA4D5379FA69" bold="true" box="[151,275,1492,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCE4F47FE18FA4D50C3FA69" box="[403,681,1492,1514]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCE4F47FE18FA4D50C3FA69" box="[403,681,1492,1514]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCE4F47FD3AFA4D5148FA69" box="[689,802,1492,1514]" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Ludwig 1875) (MZUSP 1139): (A) lateral view of body, and (B) calcareous ring. Additional specimens,
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCE4F47FDC6FA6A50FBF98B" box="[589,657,1523,1544]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, (UFBA 1379A): (C) lateral view of body (on the left, notice calcareous ring visible across the translucent body wall); (D) specimen relaxed in the aquaria (in the bottom left, drawing of one tentacle); and (E) detail of expanded dendritic tentacles in lateral view; (UFBA 1335): (F) brownish dendritic tentacles (white arrow indicates inner circle of tentacles). Scale bars: A, 4 cm; B, 0.2 cm; C–D, 3 cm; E–F, 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCE4F47FF4CF91456EEF823" blockId="3.[151,1437,1676,2024]" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">
|
||
Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCE4F47FECEF915501EF926" author="Heding" box="[325,628,1676,1701]" pageId="3" pageNumber="365" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae: eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologische Musei Hauniensis, 13, 7 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding & Panning (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCE4F47FC10F9155645F926" box="[923,1071,1676,1701]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladolabinae">Cladolabinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and divided it into two groups based on the presence of tables in the body wall and on the presence of subdivisions in the calcareous ring. Given the great amount of tables in the body wall of these taxa it would be probably hard to miss it; however, the radial processes of their calcareous ring are generally short and fragile, breaking easily when manipulated. For instance, some processes broke down into smaller pieces recalling subdivided posterior processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13612A3BFFCE4F47FB4BF8855762F8B7" box="[1216,1288,1820,1845]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1061,1083]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,301,1039]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[150,1437,301,1040]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Euthyonidiella occidentalis comb. nov. (Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067 A): (A – B) calcareous ring (white arrow indicates broken points on a posterior process); SEM images of (C) the calcareous ring stereom; (D) a radial plate, (E) the anterior view of a radial plate (white arrow indicates the insertion point of the retractor muscle), and (F) an interradial plate. Scale bars: A – B, 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243334/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) when we removed the tentacles from the calcareous ring or after bleaching it. In addition, the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCE4F47FB5CF8A65701F8DB" box="[1239,1387,1855,1880]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cladolabinae">Cladolabinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCE4F47FE87F8FD53C9F8FE" box="[268,419,1892,1917]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Phyllophoridae" genus="Phyllophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="3" pageNumber="365" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCE4F47FE87F8FD53C9F8FE" box="[268,419,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">Phyllophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess an uncommon number and arrangement of tentacles (i.e. 10+10, 15+5, 15+5+5), distinguishing these taxa from the other dendrochirotids, which are mainly 10+0 and 8+2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCE4F40FF4CF8345389FF7B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1676,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,248]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="366" pageId="3" pageNumber="365">
|
||
In this regard, phylogenetic studies based on morphological data could help to redefine the dendrochirotid clades by assessing phylogenetically informative traits. In addition, molecular data can provide a great set of characters in the absence of unambiguous morphological data, especially within the genera. However, regardless of the classification used, we believe the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FD12FF255154FF56" box="[665,830,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FD12FF255154FF56" box="[665,830,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Euthyonidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
best fit both species (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FBB7FF245765FF56" box="[1084,1295,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">
|
||
i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FBECFF245765FF56" box="[1127,1295,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">E. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFC94F40FA93FF2557F2FF57" box="[1304,1432,188,213]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FF4DFF785325FF7B" box="[198,335,223,248]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FF4DFF785325FF7B" box="[198,335,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">E. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFC94F40FEDCFF4653BCFF7B" box="[343,470,223,248]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF256636FFC94F40FF1CFBBC53EBFB1B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243334/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" targetBox="[150,1436,301,1039]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFC94F40FF1CFBBC53EBFB1B" blockId="4.[151,1437,1061,1176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FF1CFBBC537FFBB8" bold="true" box="[151,277,1061,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FE95FBBC505CFBB8" box="[286,566,1061,1083]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FE95FBBC505CFBB8" box="[286,566,1061,1083]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFC94F40FDB4FBBC50D8FBB8" box="[575,690,1061,1083]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067A): (A–B) calcareous ring (white arrow indicates broken points on a posterior process); SEM images of (C) the calcareous ring stereom; (D) a radial plate, (E) the anterior view of a radial plate (white arrow indicates the insertion point of the retractor muscle), and (F) an interradial plate. Scale bars: A–B, 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF256636FFC94F40FF1CF96B533BF8E7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243335/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" targetBox="[150,1436,1225,1756]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFC94F40FF1CF96B533BF8E7" blockId="4.[151,1436,1778,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FF1CF96B537FF88B" bold="true" box="[151,277,1778,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FE95F96B505DF88B" box="[286,567,1778,1800]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FE95F96B505DF88B" box="[286,567,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFC94F40FDCBF96B50D9F88B" box="[576,691,1778,1800]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1067A): (A) red arrow indicates insertion of stone canal, yellow arrow indicates the madreporite, and white arrows indicate the two Polian vesicles attached to the calcareous ring; (B) red arrow indicates the stone canal in detail and the yellow arrow indicated the madreporite; and (C) detail of Polian vesicles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFC94F41FF4CF809570EFF57" blockId="4.[151,1436,1936,2034]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="367" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FF4CF8095124F829" bold="true" box="[199,846,1936,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FF4CF8095068F82A" box="[199,514,1936,1961]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FF4CF8095068F82A" bold="true" box="[199,514,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FDB4F809512DF82A" box="[575,839,1936,1961]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FDB4F809512DF82A" bold="true" box="[575,839,1936,1961]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Euthyonidiella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
After analyzing slides of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFC94F40FB14F808576BF829" box="[1183,1281,1937,1962]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FAA3F80B57F6F829" box="[1320,1436,1937,1962]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FAA3F80B57F6F829" box="[1320,1436,1937,1962]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">E. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its original description (in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFC94F40FE72F82D50A3F84E" author="Cherbonnier" box="[505,713,1972,1997]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1961) Deux Nouvelles especes d'holothuries Dendrochirotes des cotes Bresilienes. Bulletin do Museum National d'histoire Naturelle, 33 (6), 611 - 615." type="journal article" year="1961">Cherbonnier 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we concluded that there is no difference between this species and
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FF4DF8435315F872" box="[198,383,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FF4DF8435306F871" box="[198,364,2009,2034]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">E. occidentalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
c
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
omb. nov.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC94F40FE7FF840509EF871" box="[500,756,2009,2034]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC94F40FE7FF840509EF871" box="[500,756,2009,2034]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Euthyonidiella dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54E1881CFFC94F40FC75F8405609F871" box="[1022,1123,2009,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="366" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, collected in Bahia (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F34D762EFFC94F40FACDF84057FAF871" box="[1350,1424,2009,2034]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="366">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
), and was never mentioned again, probably because the specimens collected were identified as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC84F41FB39FF0057E2FF33" box="[1202,1416,151,176]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="367" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" subGenus="Urodemella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FB39FF0056AFFF33" box="[1202,1221,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">P.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FB5DFF005698FF33" box="[1238,1266,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">U.</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FA8AFF0E57E2FF33" box="[1281,1416,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. Therefore, we suggest that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC84F41FE4CFF245050FF56" box="[455,570,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="367" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FE4CFF245050FF56" box="[455,570,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">E. dentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be designated as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC84F41FBB1FF24568AFF56" box="[1082,1248,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="367" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FBB1FF24568AFF56" box="[1082,1248,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFC84F41FB63FF25570EFF57" box="[1256,1380,188,213]" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF256636FFC84F41FF1CF8CD5638F824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/243336/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="367" targetBox="[151,1435,265,1853]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFC84F41FF1CF8CD5638F824" blockId="5.[151,1435,1876,1959]" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FF1CF8CD5373F8E9" bold="true" box="[151,281,1876,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Neotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFC84F41FE27F8CD50A2F8E9" box="[428,712,1876,1898]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="5" pageNumber="367" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFC84F41FE27F8CD50A2F8E9" box="[428,712,1876,1898]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFC84F41FD5EF8CD5127F8E9" box="[725,845,1876,1898]" pageId="5" pageNumber="367">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(Ludwig 1875), (MZUSP 1139): SEM images of the ossicles—(A) table from body wall; (B) rosettes from introvert and tentacles; (C–D) tables from introvert; (E) rods from tentacles and tube feet; and (F) endplate from tube feet. Scale bars: (A–E), 10 µm; (F), 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE536BEFFCB4F42FF4CFF0E51ECFD9B" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FF4CFF0E5000FF33" bold="true" box="[199,618,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">Comparison with other species.</emphasis>
|
||
Considering the modifications proposed herein, ten species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FF1CFF255356FF56" box="[151,316,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FF1CFF255356FF56" box="[151,316,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">Euthyonidiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recorded:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FE6CFF2450FAFF56" box="[487,656,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FE6CFF2450FAFF56" box="[487,656,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCB4F42FD10FF255177FF57" box="[667,797,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FCA0FF24560CFF57" authority="Ludwig 1894" authorityName="Ludwig" authorityYear="1894" box="[811,1126,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FCA0FF2451C7FF56" box="[811,941,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FC4BFF255635FF57" author="Ludwig" box="[960,1119,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Ludwig, H. (1894) Reports on an exploration off the west coasts of Mexico, Central and South America, and off the Galapagos Islands, in charge of Alexander Agassiz, by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Albatross, during 1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., commanding, xii. The Holothurioidea. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 17 (3), 1 - 183. [Harvard]" type="journal article" year="1894">Ludwig 1894</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FBFDFF24571FFF57" authority="Sluiter 1910" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1910" box="[1142,1397,188,213]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FBFDFF2456A2FF57" box="[1142,1224,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. trita</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FB51FF255707FF57" author="Sluiter" box="[1242,1389,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1910) Westindische Holothurien. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 11 (Supplement), 331 - 342." type="journal article" year="1910">Sluiter 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FA0FFF245385FF7B" authority="Deichmann 1930" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1930" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="destichata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FA0FFF245360FF7B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. destichata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FE96FF46538DFF7B" author="Deichmann" box="[285,487,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Deichmann, E. (1930) The holothurians of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 71 (3), 1 - 226." type="journal article" year="1930">Deichmann 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FDB9FF7850ABFF7B" box="[562,705,223,248]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FDB9FF7850ABFF7B" box="[562,705,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCB4F42FD47FF465126FF74" box="[716,844,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
[West Atlantic];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FB92FF78573DFF7B" authority="Cherbonnier 1958" authorityName="Cherbonnier" authorityYear="1958" box="[1049,1367,223,248]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FB92FF785616FF7B" box="[1049,1148,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. dubia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FB0CFF46573DFF7B" author="Cherbonnier" box="[1159,1367,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Cherbonnier, G. (1958) Holothuries des cotes de Sierra-Leone. 4 e note. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle Paris, Serie 2, 30 (3), 294 - 299." type="journal article" year="1958">Cherbonnier 1958</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[East Atlantic];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FE86FE9C5003FE9F" authority="Yang 1937" authorityName="Yang" authorityYear="1937" box="[269,617,260,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tungshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FE86FE9C53A4FE9E" box="[269,462,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. tungshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FE6AFE9D500BFE9F" author="Yang" box="[481,609,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Yang, P. F. (1937) Report on the holothurians from the Fukien Coast. Bulletin Marine Biology, Amoy, China, 2, 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1937">Yang 1937</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FD23FE9C5613FE9E" authority="Heding & Panning 1954" authorityName="Heding & Panning" authorityYear="1954" box="[680,1145,260,285]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kyushuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FD23FE9C513BFE9E" box="[680,849,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. kyushuensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FCD7FE9D5613FE9E" author="Heding" box="[860,1145,260,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Heding, S. G. & Panning, A. (1954) Phyllophoridae: eine Bearbeitung der Polytentaculaten Dendrochiroten Holothurien des Zoologischen Museums in Kopenhagen. Spolia Zoologische Musei Hauniensis, 13, 7 - 209." type="journal article" year="1954">Heding & Panning 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[West Pacific];
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FAB2FE9C5307FEC3" authority="Deichmann 1938" authorityName="Deichmann" authorityYear="1938" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zacae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FAB2FE9C57F6FE9F" box="[1337,1436,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. zacae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FF15FEBE530FFEC3" author="Deichmann" box="[158,357,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Deichmann, E. (1938) Eastern Pacific Expeditions of the New York Zoological Society. XVI. Holothurians from the western coasts of Lower California and Central America, and from the Galapagos Islands. Zoologica, 23, 361 - 387. [New York]" type="journal article" year="1938">Deichmann 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[East Pacific], and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FDD1FEB051F8FEC3" authority="Heding 1942" authorityName="Heding" authorityYear="1942" box="[602,914,295,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FDD1FEB050B5FEC3" box="[602,735,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFCB4B4FFFCB4F42FD7AFEBE51E0FEC3" author="Heding" box="[753,906,295,320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" refString="Heding, S. G. (1942) Uber Cucumella triplex und zwei neue Holothurien der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 137, 217 - 220." type="journal article" year="1942">Heding 1942</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[Mediterranean].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FBEFFEBE57F6FEC3" box="[1124,1436,295,320]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="occidentalis" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FBEFFEBE57F6FEC3" box="[1124,1436,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">Euthyonidiella occidentalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCB4F42FF1CFED5537FFEE7" box="[151,277,332,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FE26FED45394FEE7" box="[429,510,333,356]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trita">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FE26FED45394FEE7" box="[429,510,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. trita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FD85FED450FBFEE6" box="[526,657,332,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ambigua">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FD85FED450FBFEE6" box="[526,657,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. ambigua</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FD2AFED45122FEE6" box="[673,840,332,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kyushuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FD2AFED45122FEE6" box="[673,840,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. kyushuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FC09FED45189FEE6" box="[898,995,332,357]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FC09FED45189FEE6" box="[898,995,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. dubia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the arrangement of the tentacles in two circles with ten tentacles each (vs. 15+5, 10+5+5, 14, 10+5+5, respectively), from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FB0AFEE85769FE0B" box="[1153,1283,367,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aculeata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FB0AFEE85769FE0B" box="[1153,1283,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. aculeata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FA98FEE8571EFE0B" box="[1299,1396,369,392]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="zacae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FA98FEE8571EFE0B" box="[1299,1396,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. zacae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FA0FFEE85360FE2E" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="destichata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FA0FFEE85360FE2E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. destichata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FE93FE0C53D7FE2E" box="[280,445,404,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kyushuensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FE93FE0C53D7FE2E" box="[280,445,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. kyushuensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FE7FFE0C503EFE2E" box="[500,596,404,429]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="dubia">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FE7FFE0C503EFE2E" box="[500,596,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. dubia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of tables with dentate margins (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FBF8FE0C56F8FE2F" box="[1139,1170,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
oval or circular shape), from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FF5EFE2053FEFE53" box="[213,404,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tungshanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FF5EFE2053FEFE53" box="[213,404,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. tungshanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of tables with low spire (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FCFBFE2051E4FE53" box="[880,910,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
high spire), and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C5A4D3DFFCB4F42FB06FE20577DFE53" box="[1165,1303,439,464]" class="Holothuroidea" family="Sclerodactylidae" genus="Euthyonidiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Dendrochirotida" pageId="6" pageNumber="368" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="arenicola" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FB06FE20577DFE53" box="[1165,1303,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">E. arenicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21D57D7FFCB4F42FA94FE2E57F6FE4C" box="[1311,1436,439,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the morphology of the tables, which have pointy projections in their discs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FBA3FE44562CFE77" box="[1064,1094,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
blunt projections) and pillars fusing together at the base (
|
||
<emphasis id="B92EEAACFFCB4F42FE46FD985381FD9B" box="[461,491,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="368">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
pillars linked by a horizontal ridge).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |