211 lines
24 KiB
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211 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="E2CBEFB78CD3A0A0E6ABE82F9990CEF8">Contribution to the Erebidae fauna of the Great Nicobar Island, India with description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="91279266D20AE6A33E1E9CAD7747C1EE">Singh, Navneet</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8ABCC65F1175D65B9BDA7FD62AB96A5E">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & nsgill 007 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6657 - 7983</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="09675AFA87C37E10CADE8ED6F951D37B">Ahmad, Jalil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="420D6BABB38982843D72BEF4888D66C6">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & jalilahmad 23046 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7719 - 864 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C5220FEAA04930031300F81426227B9D">Raha, Angshuman</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E08E7DD812D748434B50F64FD8A9974C">Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700053, WB, India. & adroitangshuman @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 6992 - 7056</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="6B7D8788F505371A15A0673BEFADB15E">2022</mods:date>
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Genus
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species:
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[
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E5F34D11FE00FA89" box="[387,415,1372,1395]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">sic</emphasis>
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(by original designation) (
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locality:
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[
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,
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=
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE164E4DC4DD5FE00FA4A" ID-CoL="94N4H" authority="Walker, 1858 c" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1858" box="[172,415,1432,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Galapha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E4DC4DD5FE9AFA4A" box="[172,261,1432,1456]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Galapha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E57A4DD5FE00FA4A" author="Walker, F." box="[266,415,1432,1456]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="1522 - 1888" refId="ref11402" refString="Walker, F. (1858 c) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 15. Edward Newman, London, pp. 1522 - 1888." type="book chapter" year="1858">Walker, 1858c</bibRefCitation>
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, 15: 1850. (preoccupied)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E5794DFAFE6CFA35" author="Wallengren H. D. J." box="[265,499,1463,1487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref11706" refString="Wallengren H. D. J. (1860) Lepidopterologische Mittheilungen. Wiener Entomologische Monatschrift, 4 (6), 33 - 46 + 161 - 176." type="journal article" year="1860">Wallengren, 1860: 170</bibRefCitation>
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.
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=
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E4DC4D9BFE99FA14" box="[172,262,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Baxagha</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E57C4D9BFE3EFA14" author="Walker, F." box="[268,417,1494,1518]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref11594" refString="Walker, F. (1865 b) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 31. Edward Newman, London, pp. 1 - 321." type="book chapter" year="1865">Walker, 1865b</bibRefCitation>
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, 33: 1002.
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE164E4DC4DB8FE46F9F7" ID-CoL="95HQ6" authority="Moschler, 1880: 432" authorityName="Moschler" authorityPageNumber="432" authorityYear="1880" box="[172,473,1524,1549]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Arctinia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E4DC4DB8FF61F9F6" box="[172,254,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Arctinia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E5744DB9FE46F9F7" author="Moschler, H. B." box="[260,473,1524,1549]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="379 - 486" refId="ref10051" refString="Moschler, H. B. (1880) Beitrage zu Schmetterlingsfauna von Surinam III. Verhandlungen der kaiserlichkoniglichen zoologisch - botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 30, 379 - 486, pls. 8 - 9. [in German]" type="journal article" year="1880">Möschler, 1880: 432</bibRefCitation>
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.
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=
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E4DC4E59FE99F9D1" box="[172,262,1556,1579]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Bessacta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E57C4E59FE21F9D1" author="Warren, W." box="[268,446,1555,1579]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" pagination="1 - 57" refId="ref11736" refString="Warren, W. (1912) New Noctuidae in the Tring Museum, mainly from the Indo - Oriental Region. Novitates Zoologicae, 19, 1 - 57, 14 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1542" type="journal article" year="1912">Warren, 1912: 52</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE5E51CFB3EE167E4E74E14FA1FFF2F" blockId="1.[151,1437,1625,2012]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,150,213]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E4E74E14FEC0F989" bold="true" box="[151,351,1625,1651]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Taxonomic note:</emphasis>
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The species of
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE164E6634E14FDC3F989" ID-CoL="9224D" authorityName="Walker, 1858 c:" authorityYear="1844" box="[531,604,1625,1651]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Anoba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E6634E14FDC3F989" box="[531,604,1625,1651]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Anoba</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are usually moderate to large bodied with slightly falcate forewing apex. The genus may be broadly divided into two groups based on the overall wing pattern. The
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE164E0FC4E33FB6FF96D" ID-CoL="94MBC" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1912" box="[1164,1264,1662,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Bessacta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E0FC4E33FB6FF96D" box="[1164,1264,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Bessacta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group includes species having typical dark greenish-brown archipelagic patches on pale brown or fawn forewings, while, the other group with members having dark brown, black or grey fascies of variable sizes and shapes on relatively pale forewings. The antennae, in males, are either fasciculate or narrowly bipectinate. The male genitalia are characterised by a dorsal rod-like process to the uncus, short and narrow vinculum and well sclerotised costal process of the valva. However, according to
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E5ED4F7CFDC0F8B6" author="Holloway, J. D." box="[413,607,1841,1868]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refId="ref9467" refString="Holloway, J. D. (2005) The Moths of Borneo: Parts 15 & 16; Family Noctuidae: Catocalinae. Malayan Nature Journal, Southdene Sdn Bhd., 529 pp., 28 pls." type="book" year="2005">Holloway (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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, the genus requires major taxonomic revision to identify synapomorphies, which can firmly define the genus characters. The genus comprises nearly 40 species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with exceptionally rich diversity in Afrotropics. Till date, the genus is known by six species from
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<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3EE164E55D4FD0FEF6F84D" box="[301,361,1949,1975]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">India</collectingCountry>
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, with four species in
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|
<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE164E6274FD3FD24F84D" ID-CoL="94MBC" authorityName="Warren" authorityYear="1912" box="[599,699,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Bessacta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E6274FD3FD24F84D" box="[599,699,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">Bessacta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group, of which, two species are widely distributed viz.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE164E14D4FD3FE0AF821" authority="(Hampson, 1896)" baseAuthorityName="Hampson" baseAuthorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anoba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E14D4FD3FF56F821" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">A. pectinata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE164E4A84F8CFE13F821" author="Hampson, G. F." box="[216,396,1985,2011]" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refId="ref9137" refString="Hampson, G. F. (1896) Fauna of British India, Moths. Vol. IV. Taylor and Francis, London, 595 pp." type="book" year="1896">Hampson, 1896</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Himalayan, Indo-Burmese and Sundanian hotspot regions, and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3EE167E0DB4F8FFF47FF4B" authority="(Fabricius, 1775)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anoba" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="81" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sinuata">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3EE164E0DB4F8FFA83F821" box="[1195,1308,1986,2012]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="80">A. sinuata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3EE167E15B4F8CFF4FFF4B" author="Fabricius, J. C." lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="1" pageNumber="80" refId="ref8690" refString="Fabricius, J. C. (1775) Systema Entomologiae, sistens insectorum classes, ordines genera, species, adiectis, synonymis, locis, descriptionibus, observationibus. Korte, Flensburg and Leipzig, 832 pp. [in Latin] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 36510" type="book" year="1775">Fabricius, 1775</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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in the Peninsular
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<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3DE167E5D448DAFE41FF4B" box="[420,478,151,177]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">India</collectingCountry>
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and Afrotropical countries, whereas, the other two viz.,
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3DE167E02848DAFA03FF4B" authority="(Walker, 1865 b)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1112,1436,150,177]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anoba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="polyspila">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3DE167E02848DAFB40FF4B" box="[1112,1247,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">A. polyspila</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3DE167E09D48DAFA0BFF4B" author="Walker, F." box="[1261,1428,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 321" refId="ref11594" refString="Walker, F. (1865 b) List of the specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum. Part 31. Edward Newman, London, pp. 1 - 321." type="book chapter" year="1865">Walker, 1865b</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="4C5A9E9FFB3DE167E4B748F6FE65FF2F" authority="(Moore, 1867)" baseAuthorityName="Moore" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[199,506,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Noctuidae" genus="Anoba" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessellata">
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<emphasis id="B92E390EFB3DE167E4B748F6FECFFF2F" box="[199,336,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">A. tessellata</emphasis>
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|
(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFCB98EDFB3DE167E52E48F6FE6EFF2F" author="Moore, F." box="[350,497,187,213]" pageId="2" pageNumber="81" pagination="755 - 822" refId="ref9926" refString="Moore, F. (1867) On the lepidopterous insects of Bengal. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1867, 755 - 822." type="journal article" year="1867">Moore, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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)
|
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</taxonomicName>
|
|
are restricted to Northeast Indian states and in the adjacent areas of
|
|
<collectingCountry id="F34DA58CFB3DE167E08648F6FAE3FF2F" box="[1270,1404,187,213]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="2" pageNumber="81">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |