457 lines
53 KiB
XML
457 lines
53 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A6A65EA467BB688377DE328A736612AC">A review of world Diallactiini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Winnertziinae), with the description of six new genera and seventeen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F1A36014CB3AA4F52CF58896C7F04920">Jaschhof, Mathias</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="978E1A36B5F2BDBCAD9D2D3AA738347E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4F37BA6B0FC44C167E22DAF030DC5A2F">
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<mods:date id="1C019707F6F3A18BFDEB89EDF968608E">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="836DCC8999DA73786FA876B76D7AB5D2">4127</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03DFD426285A4B08FF35F8A0FEE0E341" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6059574" ID-GBIF-Taxon="124814607" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6059574" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DFD426285A4B08FF35F8A0FEE0E341" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DFD426285A4B08FF35F8A0FEE0E341" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<subSubSection id="C36C36BB285A4B0EFF35F8A0FDDEE0AD" box="[151,521,1911,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC96530285A4B0EFF35F8A0FDDEE0AD" blockId="19.[151,521,1911,1937]" box="[151,521,1911,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<heading id="D081D25C285A4B0EFF35F8A0FDDEE0AD" bold="true" box="[151,521,1911,1937]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B902B922285A4B0EFF35F8A0FDDEE0AD" bold="true" box="[151,521,1911,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285A4B0EFF4CF8A0FDDEE0AD" ID-CoL="4TMB" authority="Karsch, 1877" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1877" box="[238,521,1911,1937]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B902B922285A4B0EFF4CF8A0FE8AE0AD" bold="true" box="[238,349,1911,1937]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Haplusia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285A4B0EFEC6F8A0FDDEE0AD" author="Karsch" box="[356,521,1911,1937]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Karsch, F. (1877) Revision der Gallmucken. Munster i. W., E. C. Brunn; 58 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1877">Karsch, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36C36BB285A4B09FF35F869FDFFE7F0" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285A4B0EFF35F869FB64E0CE" blockId="19.[151,1436,1982,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB66421E285A4B0EFF35F869FB64E0CE" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285A4B0EFF35F869FF23E0E8" ID-CoL="4TMB" box="[151,244,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B902B922285A4B0EFF35F869FF23E0E8" box="[151,244,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285A4B0EFEAFF869FE6CE0E8" author="Karsch" box="[269,443,1982,2004]" page="16" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" year="1877">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285A4B0EFEAFF869FE44E0E8" author="Karsch" box="[269,403,1982,2004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Karsch, F. (1877) Revision der Gallmucken. Munster i. W., E. C. Brunn; 58 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1877">Karsch 1877</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 16
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
<typeStatus id="54CDDB92285A4B0EFE64F868FE2FE0E8" box="[454,504,1983,2004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species,
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285A4B0EFDFBF869FCD1E0E8" ID-CoL="3JQB6" authority="Karsch" authorityName="Karsch" box="[601,774,1982,2004]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
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||
<emphasis id="B902B922285A4B0EFDFBF869FD62E0E8" box="[601,693,1982,2004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="220">plumipes</emphasis>
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||
Karsch
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, by original designation.—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285A4B0EFBBDF869FB06E0E8" author="Gagne" box="[1055,1233,1982,2004]" page="518" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285A4B0EFBBDF869FB48E0E8" author="Gagne" box="[1055,1183,1982,2004]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1978) New synonymy and a review of Haplusia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 517 - 519." type="journal article" year="1978">Gagné 1978</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 518
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(new concept, new synonymy, discussion);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285A4B0EFE19F80BFDBBE0CE" author="Spungis" box="[443,620,2012,2034]" page="39" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" year="1985">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285A4B0EFE19F80BFD9EE0CE" author="Spungis" box="[443,585,2012,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Spungis, V. (1985) [Gall midges of the subtribe Diallactina (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) in Latvia.] Latvijas Entomologs, 28, 38 - 53." type="journal article" year="1985">Spungis 1985</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 39
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(discussion);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285A4B0EFD58F80BFBFCE0CE" author="Jaschhof" box="[762,1067,2012,2034]" page="59" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" year="2013">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285A4B0EFD58F80BFBDFE0CE" author="Jaschhof" box="[762,1032,2012,2034]" pageId="19" pageNumber="220" refString="Jaschhof, M. & Jaschhof, C. (2013) The Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of Sweden, with notes on extralimital species. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 20, 1 - 392." type="journal article" year="2013">Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2013</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 59
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(discussion).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FF4FFDFFE7F0" blockId="20.[151,1436,152,204]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB66421E285D4B09FF35FF4FFDFFE7F0" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FF4FFEC4E792" box="[151,275,152,174]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chastomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FF4FFEC4E792" box="[151,275,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Chastomera</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
—
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285D4B09FE8FFF4FFE35E792" author="Skuse" box="[301,482,152,174]" page="112" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" year="1888">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FE8FFF4FFE7DE792" author="Skuse" box="[301,426,152,174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1888) Diptera of Australia. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (2), 3 (1 - 2), 7 - 144, pls. 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1888">Skuse 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 112
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285D4B09FE51FF4EFD14E792" author="Mamaev" box="[499,707,152,174]" page="902" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" year="1964">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FE51FF4EFD5AE792" author="Mamaev" box="[499,653,152,174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1964) [Gall midges of the USSR. 6. New species of the tribe Porricondylini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).] Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43, 894 - 913. Translated in Entomological Review, 43 (4) (1965), 456 - 465." type="journal article" year="1964">Mamaev 1964</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 902
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(discussion);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285D4B09FCFFFF4FFBC8E792" author="Panelius" box="[861,1055,152,174]" page="24" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FCFFFF4FFC22E792" author="Panelius" box="[861,1013,152,174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Panelius, S. (1965) A revision of the European gall midges of the subfamily Porricondylinae (Diptera: Itonididae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 113, 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1965">Panelius 1965</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 24
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(discussion);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AD74321285D4B09FB1AFF4FFAA5E792" author="Gagne" box="[1208,1394,152,174]" page="518" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" year="1978">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FB1AFF4FFAEBE792" author="Gagne" box="[1208,1340,152,174]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1978) New synonymy and a review of Haplusia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 517 - 519." type="journal article" year="1978">Gagné 1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 518
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FEE7FF61FE75E7F0" ID-CoL="4TMB" box="[325,418,182,204]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FEE7FF61FE75E7F0" box="[325,418,182,204]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, discussion).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C36BB285D4B09FF35FF2EFE51E62E" box="[151,390,248,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="synonymic_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FF2EFE51E62E" blockId="20.[151,390,248,274]" box="[151,390,248,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<heading id="D081D25C285D4B09FF35FF2EFE51E62E" bold="true" box="[151,390,248,274]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FF2EFE51E62E" bold="true" box="[151,390,248,274]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Species of
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FEB1FF2FFEAAE62D" box="[275,381,248,273]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FEB1FF2FFEAAE62D" bold="true" box="[275,381,248,273]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C36BB285D4B09FF35FE96FC3BE56A" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FE96FD61E642" blockId="20.[151,1004,321,598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FE96FEAAE666" ID-CoL="8C9CM" authority="Jaschhof" authorityName="Jaschhof" box="[151,381,321,346]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afrotropica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FE96FEC2E665" box="[151,277,321,345]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">afrotropica</emphasis>
|
||
Jaschhof
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2310459285D4B09FE26FE95FE0AE665" box="[388,477,322,345]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, described below. Afrotropical.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FEB2FEA6E642" ID-CoL="6LCLQ" authority="Skuse, 1888" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1888" box="[151,369,357,382]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FEB2FF18E642" box="[151,207,357,382]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">bella</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FF7CFEB2FEBEE642" author="Skuse" box="[222,361,357,382]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1888) Diptera of Australia. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (2), 3 (1 - 2), 7 - 144, pls. 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1888">Skuse, 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE20FEB2FDDCE642" box="[386,523,357,382]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chastomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE20FEB2FDDCE642" box="[386,523,357,382]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Chastomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Australasian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FE5EFD6BE6FA" blockId="20.[151,1004,321,598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FE5EFECFE69E" box="[151,280,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">braziliensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FE85FE5EFE4CE69E" author="Felt" box="[295,411,393,418]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Felt, E. P. (1915) New South American gall midges. Psyche, 22, 152 - 157. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1915 / 42393" type="journal article" year="1915">Felt, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE16FE5EFD81E69E" ID-CoL="87GM2" box="[436,598,393,418]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE16FE5EFD81E69E" box="[436,598,393,418]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Neotropical.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FE79FEB0E6FA" ID-CoL="6LCLK" authority="Felt, 1912" authorityName="Felt" authorityYear="1912" box="[151,359,429,454]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FE79FF0BE6F9" box="[151,220,430,453]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">cincta</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FF48FE7AFE89E6FA" author="Felt" box="[234,350,429,454]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Felt, E. P. (1912) New Itonididae (Dipt.), Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 20, 102 - 107." type="journal article" year="1912">Felt, 1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FED5FE7AFDCEE6FA" ID-CoL="87GM2" box="[375,537,429,454]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FED5FE7AFDCEE6FA" box="[375,537,429,454]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Neotropical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FE06FD31E532" blockId="20.[151,1004,321,598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FE06FEC7E6D6" box="[151,272,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">obscuripes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FEBDFE06FE1FE6D6" author="Mamaev" box="[287,456,465,490]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1968) [New Nematocera of the USSR (Diptera, Axymyiidae, Mycetobiidae, Sciaridae, Cecidomyiidae).] Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 605 - 616. Translated in Entomological Review, 47 (3) (1969), 371 - 377." type="journal article" year="1968">Mamaev, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE42FE06FD55E6D6" ID-CoL="87GM2" box="[480,642,465,490]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE42FE06FD55E6D6" box="[480,642,465,490]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Palearctic.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FE22FF31E532" box="[151,230,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">pallida</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FF57FE21FE49E532" author="Mamaev" box="[245,414,501,526]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1966) [New and little known Palaearctic gall midges of the tribe Porricondylini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).] Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 63, 213 - 239." type="journal article" year="1966">Mamaev, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE14FE22FD8FE532" ID-CoL="87GM2" box="[438,600,501,526]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE14FE22FD8FE532" box="[438,600,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]. Palearctic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FDCEFDE5E50E" blockId="20.[151,1004,321,598]" box="[151,562,537,562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FDCEFE4CE50D" ID-CoL="3JQB6" authority="Karsch, 1877" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1877" box="[151,411,537,562]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FDCEFF2BE50E" box="[151,252,537,562]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FEA1FDCEFE4CE50D" author="Karsch" box="[259,411,537,562]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Karsch, F. (1877) Revision der Gallmucken. Munster i. W., E. C. Brunn; 58 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1877">Karsch, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Neotropical.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FDEAFC3BE56A" blockId="20.[151,1004,321,598]" box="[151,1004,573,598]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Nine unnamed species from the Nearctic, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C36BB285D4B09FF35FD52FA4DE1B2" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF35FD52FCBEE482" blockId="20.[151,1437,645,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
The original descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE7CFD52FD92E5A2" box="[478,581,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE7CFD52FD92E5A2" box="[478,581,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FD2CFD52FD05E5A2" box="[654,722,645,670]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FD46FD52FCAEE5A2" author="Karsch" box="[740,889,645,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Karsch, F. (1877) Revision der Gallmucken. Munster i. W., E. C. Brunn; 58 pp., 1 pl." type="book" year="1877">Karsch 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FC32FD52FBCEE5A2" box="[912,1049,645,670]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chastomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FC32FD52FBCEE5A2" box="[912,1049,645,670]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Chastomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FBC1FD52FB1DE5A2" box="[1123,1226,645,670]" name="Australia" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FB79FD52FAB5E5A2" author="Skuse" box="[1243,1378,645,670]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Skuse, F. A. A. (1888) Diptera of Australia. Part I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales (2), 3 (1 - 2), 7 - 144, pls. 2 - 3." type="journal article" year="1888">Skuse 1888</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FD7EFEEEE5FE" box="[151,313,681,706]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FD7EFEEEE5FE" box="[151,313,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from North
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FE6CFD7EFDF9E5FE" box="[462,558,681,706]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">America</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FDE2FD7EFD67E5FE" author="Felt" box="[576,688,681,706]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Felt, E. P. (1908) Appendix D. Pp. 286 - 422, 489 - 510, pls. 33 - 34. In his 23 d report of the State Entomologist on injurious and other insects of the State of New York 1907. New York State Museum Bulletin, 124, 5 - 541, 44 pls." type="journal article" year="1908">Felt 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) are so imprecise that subsequent authors read them in different ways.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FF43FD19FEA9E5DA" author="Gagne" box="[225,382,718,742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1978) New synonymy and a review of Haplusia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 517 - 519." type="journal article" year="1978">Gagné (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
outlined the varying uses of these names in the past (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FBBFFD1AFB32E5DA" author="Rubsaamen" box="[1053,1253,717,742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1892) Die Gallmucken des Koniglichen Museums fur Naturkunde zu Berlin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 37, 319 - 411, pls. VII - XVII. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18920370305" type="journal article" year="1892">Rübsaamen 1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FB50FD19FA4FE5DA" author="Mamaev" box="[1266,1432,717,742]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1964) [Gall midges of the USSR. 6. New species of the tribe Porricondylini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).] Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 43, 894 - 913. Translated in Entomological Review, 43 (4) (1965), 456 - 465." type="journal article" year="1964">Mamaev 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FF35FD26FF07E436" author="Mamaev" box="[151,208,753,778]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1966) [New and little known Palaearctic gall midges of the tribe Porricondylini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).] Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 63, 213 - 239." type="journal article" year="1966">1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and, with reference to the wing venation that he deemed characteristic, subsumed the three genera under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FCC2FF29E412" box="[151,254,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FCC2FF29E412" box="[151,254,789,814]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At the same time he suggested the possibility that a broad study of world
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FBC8FCC2FB3FE412" box="[1130,1256,789,814]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Diallactiini">Diallactiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
might consider separating his broadly defined
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FDA1FCEEFDBEE46E" box="[515,617,825,850]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FDA1FCEEFDBEE46E" box="[515,617,825,850]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in two or more genera. The present review arrived at the very same standpoint. Accordingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE1EFC8AFD89E44A" box="[444,606,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE1EFC8AFD89E44A" box="[444,606,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here released from the synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FBFCFC8AFB12E44A" box="[1118,1221,861,886]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FBFCFC8AFB12E44A" box="[1118,1221,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and restored as a distinct genus (see below), and several of the species that were previously classified with either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FAB0FC56FAAEE4A6" box="[1298,1401,897,922]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FAB0FC56FAAEE4A6" box="[1298,1401,897,922]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FC72FEF7E482" box="[151,288,933,958]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chastomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FC72FEF7E482" box="[151,288,933,958]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Chastomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are newly combined in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FD8FFC71FD0DE481" box="[557,730,934,957]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Gynapteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FD8FFC71FD0DE481" box="[557,730,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Gynapteromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see above).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF65FC1EFCFBE23D" blockId="20.[151,1437,645,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF65FC1EFEF9E4DE" box="[199,302,969,994]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF65FC1EFEF9E4DE" box="[199,302,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as conceived here, are showy, eye-catching midges as Marshall’s (2012: 180, fig. 3) color photograph, possibly of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FE61FC39FDFCE339" box="[451,555,1006,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cincta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FE61FC39FDFCE339" box="[451,555,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">H. cincta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, attests. Karsch’s (1877) description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDDB92285D4B09FB83FC39FB86E33A" box="[1057,1105,1006,1030]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FB19FC39FA93E33A" box="[1211,1348,1005,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FB19FC39FA93E33A" box="[1211,1348,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">H. plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, makes mention of several of the characters regarded by me as diagnostic of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FB9FFBC6FB73E316" box="[1085,1188,1041,1066]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FB9FFBC6FB73E316" box="[1085,1188,1041,1066]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see Diagnosis). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDDB92285D4B09FF35FBE2FF2EE372" box="[151,249,1077,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FED3FBE1FE2EE372" box="[369,505,1077,1102]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FED3FBE1FE2EE372" box="[369,505,1077,1102]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">H. plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, last studied and redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FCC5FBE2FBE9E372" author="Rubsaamen" box="[871,1086,1077,1102]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1892) Die Gallmucken des Koniglichen Museums fur Naturkunde zu Berlin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 37, 319 - 411, pls. VII - XVII. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18920370305" type="journal article" year="1892">Rübsaamen (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, was upon request not found in the collections of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FD58FB8DFCB5E34E" box="[762,866,1114,1138]" name="Germany" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Joachim Ziegler, in litt.), so is presumably lost. It should be possible, however, to collect fresh specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FCE5FBA9FC05E3AA" box="[839,978,1149,1174]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plumipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FCE5FBA9FC05E3AA" box="[839,978,1149,1174]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">H. plumipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FC5FFBAAFB96E3AA" box="[1021,1089,1149,1174]" name="Brazil" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
to appropriately describe this species, including the male. Except for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FDFDFB75FD6CE386" box="[607,699,1185,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FDFDFB75FD6CE386" box="[607,699,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">H. bella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the other species classified here in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FBC2FB76FB10E386" box="[1120,1223,1185,1210]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FBC2FB76FB10E386" box="[1120,1223,1185,1210]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35FB12FEEEE3E2" box="[151,313,1221,1246]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35FB12FEEEE3E2" box="[151,313,1221,1246]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but one should bear in mind that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FD15FB12FCF9E3E2" author="Felt" box="[695,814,1221,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Felt, E. P. (1912) New Itonididae (Dipt.), Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 20, 102 - 107." type="journal article" year="1912">Felt (1912</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FC9BFB12FCA3E3E2" author="Felt" box="[825,884,1221,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Felt, E. P. (1915) New South American gall midges. Psyche, 22, 152 - 157. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1155 / 1915 / 42393" type="journal article" year="1915">1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), on the one hand, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FBDAFB11FAF1E3E2" author="Mamaev" box="[1144,1318,1221,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1966) [New and little known Palaearctic gall midges of the tribe Porricondylini (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae).] Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 63, 213 - 239." type="journal article" year="1966">Mamaev (1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FA93FB12FABBE3E2" author="Mamaev" box="[1329,1388,1221,1246]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Mamaev, B. M. (1968) [New Nematocera of the USSR (Diptera, Axymyiidae, Mycetobiidae, Sciaridae, Cecidomyiidae).] Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 47, 605 - 616. Translated in Entomological Review, 47 (3) (1969), 371 - 377." type="journal article" year="1968">1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), on the other hand, used different definitions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FD21FB3EFCF2E23E" box="[643,805,1257,1282]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FD21FB3EFCF2E23E" box="[643,805,1257,1282]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF65FADAFD8AE28A" blockId="20.[151,1437,645,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF65FADAFEF9E21A" box="[199,302,1293,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF65FADAFEF9E21A" box="[199,302,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is here confirmed as a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FCAAFADAFC46E21A" box="[776,913,1293,1318]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chastomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FCAAFADAFC46E21A" box="[776,913,1293,1318]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Chastomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following the view of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FB3AFADAFABAE21A" author="Rubsaamen" box="[1176,1389,1293,1318]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Rubsaamen, E. H. (1892) Die Gallmucken des Koniglichen Museums fur Naturkunde zu Berlin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 37, 319 - 411, pls. VII - XVII. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 18920370305" type="journal article" year="1892">Rübsaamen (1892)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FF35FAE5FEE3E276" author="Gagne" box="[151,308,1330,1354]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Gagne, R. J. (1978) New synonymy and a review of Haplusia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80, 517 - 519." type="journal article" year="1978">Gagné (1978)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. That
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FEDAFAE6FDD6E276" box="[376,513,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Chastomera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FEDAFAE6FDD6E276" box="[376,513,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Chastomera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FD4EFAE6FC84E276" box="[748,851,1329,1354]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FD4EFAE6FC84E276" box="[748,851,1329,1354]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is apparent from Skuse’s (1888) original description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDDB92285D4B09FF46FA81FEC3E252" box="[228,276,1366,1390]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FEDDFA82FE3EE252" box="[383,489,1365,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FEDDFA82FE3EE252" box="[383,489,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ch. bella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as well as from photographs of male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FB91FA82FB4AE252" box="[1075,1181,1365,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FB91FA82FB4AE252" box="[1075,1181,1365,1390]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Ch. bella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(including the female
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDDB92285D4B09FF35FAAEFF2CE2AE" box="[151,251,1401,1426]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) made available to me through the kindness of Peter Kolešik, who is preparing a redescription of this species for publication (Kolešik, in litt.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B09FF65FA15FA4DE1B2" blockId="20.[151,1437,645,2038]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
I have seen specimens of unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FDC2FA16FD11E2E6" box="[608,710,1473,1498]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FDC2FA16FD11E2E6" box="[608,710,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FCC5FA16FC29E2E6" box="[871,1022,1473,1498]" name="United States of America" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">United States</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Maryland and Virginia, 2 species),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FF35FA32FED2E2C2" box="[151,261,1509,1534]" name="Dominica" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1 species),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FE3EFA31FDCFE2C2" box="[412,536,1509,1534]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(5 species), and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FD43FA32FCFAE2C2" box="[737,813,1509,1534]" name="Brunei" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Brunei</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1 species), which renders the genus cosmopolitan in distribution. The species from Maryland was illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FC8EF9DEFC00E11E" author="Plakidas" box="[812,983,1545,1570]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Plakidas, J. D. (1999) Identification of North American porricondyline larvae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Loyalfield Publishing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [2 unnumb. +] 129 pp." type="book" year="1999">Plakidas (1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 50–53; 2007: figs 16–18) under the name of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF5CF9FAFDF6E17A" authority="Felt" authorityName="Felt" box="[254,545,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF5CF9FAFE3EE17A" box="[254,489,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia rubra</emphasis>
|
||
Felt
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species treated below. All the species from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36125A0285D4B09FB9FF9F9FB6DE17A" box="[1085,1210,1581,1606]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
were collected at a single site. Most of the named species assigned here to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FCA1F986FCBDE156" box="[771,874,1617,1642]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FCA1F986FCBDE156" box="[771,874,1617,1642]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were described on the basis of only one sex. With respect to preimaginal stages,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFE718C1285D4B09FE4BF9A2FD4DE1B2" author="Plakidas" box="[489,666,1653,1678]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" refString="Plakidas, J. D. (1999) Identification of North American porricondyline larvae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Loyalfield Publishing, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, [2 unnumb. +] 129 pp." type="book" year="1999">Plakidas (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described larvae of an unnamed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FBAEF9A2FBA4E1B2" box="[1036,1139,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FBAEF9A2FBA4E1B2" box="[1036,1139,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FB03F9A2FA5DE1B2" box="[1185,1418,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FB03F9A2FA5DE1B2" box="[1185,1418,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia rubra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36C36BB285D4B08FF65F94EFEE0E341" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285D4B08FF65F94EFAD6E6BB" blockId="20.[151,1437,645,2038]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1437,151,1149]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="222" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF65F94EFE96E18E" bold="true" box="[199,321,1689,1714]" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The focus here is on delimitating
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FD73F94EFCEFE18E" box="[721,824,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FD73F94EFCEFE18E" box="[721,824,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from particularly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FBA9F94EFB7AE18E" box="[1035,1197,1689,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Johnsonomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FBA9F94EFB7AE18E" box="[1035,1197,1689,1714]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Johnsonomyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FB4AF94DFA42E18D" box="[1256,1429,1690,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Gynapteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FB4AF94DFA42E18D" box="[1256,1429,1690,1713]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Gynapteromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285D4B09FF35F96AFF29E1EA" box="[151,254,1725,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285D4B09FF35F96AFF29E1EA" box="[151,254,1725,1750]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="221">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
displays striking coloration, typically a combination of chalky white and bright yellow. One to three of the following characters may be found in a species: white antennae with long white hairs; milky white wings with dark spots around Rs and CuA; and bicolored, banded legs (with the coloration attributable to pigmentation of the the leg segment itself, or its vestiture, or both). Light-colored specimens studied by transmitted-light microscope appear extremely pale and low in contrast, with their white setae and white wing membranes being close to invisible. Male body lengths exceed, often considerably,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EC8D5285D4B09FCB4F8A6FCBAE0B5" box="[790,877,1905,1930]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(corresponding females are even slightly longer); the eye bridge, which is (6–)7–12 ommatidia long dorsally, usually occupies the entire vertex; on male flagellomeres, the subbasal setae are arranged in a irregular single to double whorl intermingled with hair-shaped translucent sensilla; the 4-segmented palpus is longer than the head height; the clypeus is unsetose; the wing base is broad, with the anal lobe moderately convex; the wing membrane is fully covered with setae; Rs and the membrane around it are darkened, which produces a marked spot (a similar spot may be present on CuA); and empodia are untraceable. Male genitalic characters typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285C4B08FD6AFF08FCF8E7C4" box="[712,815,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Haplusia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FD6AFF08FCF8E7C4" box="[712,815,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Haplusia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are as follows. Tegmina occur in two different
|
||
<typeStatus id="54CDDB92285C4B08FAF8FF37FA4FE7C4" box="[1370,1432,224,248]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, either poorly sclerotized, subtrapezoid to subtriangular, often serrate apicolaterally, or strongly sclerotized, with apicolateral processes and concave posterior edge. Of the gonocoxae, the medial bridges are usually densely covered with ordinary to bristle-like setae, and the dorsal portions are strongly sclerotized at the medial edges. Gonostylar teeth are slender and pointed, and the individual spines making them are barely apparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC96530285C4B08FF65FE43FEE0E341" blockId="21.[151,1437,151,1149]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FF65FE43FE4CE691" bold="true" box="[199,411,404,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Other characters.</emphasis>
|
||
Male body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8EC8D5285C4B08FDD2FE43FD2CE690" box="[624,763,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.85" metricValueMax="5.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="3.85" valueMax="5.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FCA7FE43FC9BE691" bold="true" box="[773,844,404,429]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Head.</emphasis>
|
||
Postfrons unsetose. Genal setae 10–15, more or less clearly clustered. Scape and pedicel concolorous with, or lighter than flagellum, scape slightly larger than pedicel. Scape usually with setae, pedicel unsetose. Male flagellomeres 14; fourth flagellomere with neck usually longer than node, rarely shorter; node subcylindrical to barrel-shaped, a crenulate whorl of long sensory hairs with hooded alveoli medially, further such sensory hairs distally, either in short line(s) or scattered, numerous hair-shaped translucent sensilla distally, microtrichia only basally. Female flagellomeres 14; neck of fourth flagellomere as long as node or shorter, none or a few sensory hairs with hooded alveoli medially/distally, hooded alveoli shorter than in male, translucent sensilla same as in male but more numerous. Labella slender. Palpus: translucent sensilla typically on first to third segments, occasionally on all segments, simply hair-shaped, variable in size.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FA9EFD63FA4BE5F1" bold="true" box="[1340,1436,692,717]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
||
Antepronotum and pleural sclerites unsetose. Scutum with sparse lateral and dorsocentral setae. Scutellum sparsely setose.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FF4CFD2BFEE1E429" bold="true" box="[238,310,764,789]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Wing.</emphasis>
|
||
Membrane either milky white (meaning completely transparent in slide-mounted specimens) or brownish. Length / width 2.5–2.7. Costal break usually distinct. Vein btv always setose. CuA extending to wing margin.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FF57FC93FEFAE461" bold="true" box="[245,301,836,861]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
with both setae and narrow scales of various lengths. Basitarsi without spine. Vestiture on distitarsi same as on proximal tarsomeres. Claws small, very slightly bent, untoothed.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FB82FCB0FB4BE4BC" bold="true" box="[1056,1180,871,896]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
||
Tergites and sternites entire, with scattered setae. Sternum 1 and pleura unsetose.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FC8FFC5BFC09E499" bold="true" box="[813,990,908,933]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Male genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
Ninth tergite subtrapezoid. Gonocoxae: ventral emargination with more or less deeply U-shaped outline, membranous and thus vaguely contoured basally; ventral bridge in some species with faint transverse suture; dorsal apodemes long, anterior processes usually about as long as distance separating them, rarely shorter. Gonostylus of normal size and shape. Parameral apodemes small, protruding ventrally. Ejaculatory apodeme present as long, strong, sclerotized rod, occasionally slightly modified apically and / or basally.
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FD86FBE8FD73E364" bold="true" box="[548,676,1087,1112]" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Ovipositor</emphasis>
|
||
similar to that described above for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C761EB3285C4B08FB99FB97FB3FE36B" box="[1083,1256,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Cecidomyiidae" genus="Gynapteromyia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B902B922285C4B08FB99FB97FB3FE36B" box="[1083,1256,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="222">Gynapteromyia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No sclerotized spermathecae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |