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<mods:title id="48DE37F25922DBD8DB76B1F9E554577F">Annotated species list of Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman, with new records</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E0D4284D2446BA06" authority="Ljungman, 1866" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,556,297,324]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0D4284D2446BA06" bold="true" box="[151,556,297,324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0D4284D270ABA01" bold="true" box="[151,352,297,324]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura kinbergi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E12B284D2446BA06" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[360,556,297,324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="163 - 166" refId="ref16009" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1866) Om nagra nya arter af Ophiurider. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 1866, 23, 163 - 166." type="journal article" year="1866">Ljungman, 1866</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E0D4280A2441BAC3" authority="Ljungman, 1866: 166" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityPageNumber="166" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,555,365,390]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0D4280A272CBAC3" box="[151,326,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura kinbergi</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="0AB80108FFB8FF90E10E28092441BAC3" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[333,555,365,390]" page="166" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" year="1866">
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E10E28092441BAC3" author="Ljungman, A. V." box="[333,555,365,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="163 - 166" refId="ref16009" refString="Ljungman, A. V. (1866) Om nagra nya arter af Ophiurider. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Forhandlingar 1866, 23, 163 - 166." type="journal article" year="1866">Ljungman, 1866: 166</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0D428D72696BA8B" bold="true" box="[151,252,435,462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Habitat:</emphasis>
Gravel, sand with clay, grass bed and subtidal sand,
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E3FF28D02212BA8B" author="Mortensen, T." box="[956,1144,436,462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref16691" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Part 2, 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen 1940</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E4C028D02294BA8B" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[1155,1278,436,462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 15" refId="ref17861" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1981) Studies on the echinoderm fauna of the western Arabian Gulf. Journal of Natural History, 15, 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938100770011" type="journal article" year="1981">Price 1981</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E54928D0232CBA8B" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[1290,1350,436,462]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 108" refId="ref17950" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1983) Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia: Echinoderms of the Arabian Gulf Coast of Saudi Arabia. In: Wittmer, W. &amp; Buttiker, W. (Eds.), Fauna of Saudi Arabia. Karger Libri, Basel, pp. 28 - 108." type="book chapter" year="1983">1983</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA62719FFB8FF90E08428B3240FB952" blockId="5.[151,1437,435,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E08428B3242BBAB7" bold="true" box="[199,577,471,498]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
Persian Gulf and Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E1B528B3242BBAB7" box="[502,577,471,498]" name="Oman" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Oman</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
: Bushehr (2), Bahrain, Kish Island (7), Kuh-Mobarak (14), Ras Tanura (24), Tarut Bay (25), Stiffes Bank (28) (ibid.).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA62719FFB8FF90E0842B7B2710B9C7" blockId="5.[151,1437,435,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0842B7B2700B97F" bold="true" box="[199,362,543,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Indian Ocean</emphasis>
:
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E1392B442469B97F" box="[378,515,544,570]" name="Madagascar" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E24C2B4424C9B97F" box="[527,675,544,570]" name="Mozambique" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E2982B442501B97F" box="[731,875,544,570]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E33A2B442597B97F" author="Clark, A. M." box="[889,1021,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="534 - 558" refId="ref14189" refString="Clark, A. M. (1980) Some Ophiuroidea from the Seychelles Islands and Inhaca, Mozambique (Echinodermata). Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 94, 534 - 558." type="journal article" year="1980">Clark 1980</bibRefCitation>
), West Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E4B52B442765B91B" author="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Marshall, J. I." pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="671 - 687" refId="ref16505" refString="Marsh, L. M. &amp; Marshall, J. I. (1983) Some Aspects of the Zoogeography of Northwestern Australian Echinoderms (Other Than Holothurians). Bulletin of Marine Science, 33, 671 - 687." type="journal article" year="1983">Marsh &amp; Marshall 1983</bibRefCitation>
), Red Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E1D32B202460B91A" author="Vine, P." box="[400,522,580,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refId="ref19013" refString="Vine, P. (1986) Red Sea Invertebrates. Immel Publishing, London, 224 pp." type="book" year="1986">Vine 1986</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E25D2B202417B91B" box="[542,637,580,606]" name="Réunion" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Réunion</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E2CE2B20250CB91B" author="Bollard, S. &amp; Pinault, M. &amp; Quod, J. - P. &amp; Boissin, E. &amp; Hemery, L. &amp; Conand, C." box="[653,870,580,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="491 - 497" refId="ref13700" refString="Bollard, S., Pinault, M., Quod, J. - P., Boissin, E., Hemery, L. &amp; Conand, C. (2013) Biodiversity of echinoderms on the underwater lava flows with different ages from the volcano Piton de La Fournaise (Reunion Island, Indian Ocean). Cahiers De Biologie Marine, 54, 491 - 497." type="journal article" year="2013">
Bollard
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E2A92B212549B91B" box="[746,803,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
), Scattered Isl. (
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E45F2B202293B91A" author="Conand, C. &amp; Mulochau, T. &amp; Stohr, S. &amp; Eleaume, M. &amp; Chabanet, P." box="[1052,1273,580,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="53 - 61" refId="ref14582" refString="Conand, C., Mulochau, T., Stohr, S., Eleaume, M. &amp; Chabanet, P. (2016) Inventory of echinoderms in the Iles Eparses (Europa, Glorieuses, Juan de Nova), Mozambique Channel, France. Acta Oecologica, 72, 53 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. actao. 2015.06.007" type="journal article" year="2016">
Conand
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E43E2B2122DCB91B" box="[1149,1206,580,606]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E54E2B2023F7B91B" box="[1293,1437,580,606]" name="South Africa" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E0DC2B0C2704B9C7" author="Olbers, J. M. &amp; Griffiths, C. L. &amp; O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Samyn, Y." box="[159,366,616,642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refId="ref17400" refString="Olbers, J. M., Griffiths, C. L., O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Samyn, Y. (2019) Field guide to the brittle and basket stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa. ABCTaxa. Vol. 19. Belgian National Focal Point to the Global Taxonomy Initiative, Brussels, 346 pp." type="book" year="2019">
Olbers
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0B12B0D2740B9C7" box="[242,298,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3037492FFB8FF90E0842BE8230DB882" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA62719FFB8FF90E0842BE8230DB882" blockId="5.[151,1437,435,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E0842BE82757B9E3" bold="true" box="[199,317,652,678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Remarks:</emphasis>
Molecular data suggest that
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E2C02BE92568B9E3" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1866" box="[643,770,652,679]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E2C02BE924FDB9E2" box="[643,663,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E2E52BE82568B9E3" box="[678,770,652,678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">kinbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a southern Australian species (T. OHara, personal communication,
<date id="FFA701D9FFB8FF90E1622BD427D8B98F" box="[289,434,688,714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" value="2019-08">August 2019</date>
) and that Indian Ocean specimens could be called
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E3A02BD42359B98F" authority="(Brock, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Brock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[995,1331,688,714]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E3A02BD422E4B98F" box="[995,1166,688,714]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura indica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E4DF2BD42341B98F" author="Brock, J." box="[1180,1323,688,714]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="465 - 539" refId="ref13772" refString="Brock, J. (1888) Die Ophiuridenfauna des indischen Archipels. Zeitschrift fur wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 47, 465 - 539." type="journal article" year="1888">Brock, 1888</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E57E2BD426B7B9AB" baseAuthorityName="Brock" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="indica">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E57E2BD426B7B9AB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura indica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by its noticeably rounded primary disc plates (T. OHara, personal communication,
<date id="FFA701D9FFB8FF90E0D42B9C2746B857" box="[151,300,760,786]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" value="2019-08">August 2019</date>
), but since we did not collect this species, we cannot decide, whether reports from the study area are based on misidentifications.
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E1952A7924F5B873" author="Mortensen, T." box="[470,671,796,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="55 - 112" refId="ref16691" refString="Mortensen, T. (1940) Echinoderms from the Iranian Gulf. Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea. Danish Scientific Investigations in Iran, Part 2, 55 - 112." type="book chapter" year="1940">Mortensen (1940)</bibRefCitation>
neither discussed his identification of this species nor figured it, and the drawings in
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E10B2A2427B9B81F" author="Price, A. R. G." box="[328,467,832,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="28 - 108" refId="ref17950" refString="Price, A. R. G. (1983) Echinoderms of Saudi Arabia: Echinoderms of the Arabian Gulf Coast of Saudi Arabia. In: Wittmer, W. &amp; Buttiker, W. (Eds.), Fauna of Saudi Arabia. Karger Libri, Basel, pp. 28 - 108." type="book chapter" year="1983">Price (1983)</bibRefCitation>
are inconclusive.
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E2DF2A2425E5B81F" author="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E." box="[668,911,832,859]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refId="ref14301" refString="Clark, A. M. &amp; Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of Shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 234 pp." type="book" year="1971">Clark &amp; Rowe (1971)</bibRefCitation>
included
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E3BF2A252213B81F" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1866" box="[1020,1145,832,859]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E3BF2A25227AB81E" box="[1020,1040,833,859]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">O</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E45E2A242213B81F" box="[1053,1145,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">kinbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the only shallow-water species of
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E14D2A002707B83B" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[270,365,868,894]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E14D2A002707B83B" box="[270,365,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the Indian Ocean, but they figured a specimen from
<collectingCountry id="F30E6789FFB8FF90E39E2A00224AB83B" box="[989,1056,868,894]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">China</collectingCountry>
(pl. 22, figs 5, 6) with almost circular primary plates, for which the name
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E22B2AEC25BFB8E7" authority="(Lyman, 1871)" baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1871" box="[616,981,904,930]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E22B2AEC254DB8E7" box="[616,807,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura sinensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E3752AEC25A7B8E7" author="Lyman, T." box="[822,973,904,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 17" refId="ref16355" refString="Lyman, T. (1871) Supplement to the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 6, 1 - 17, pls. 1 - 2. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 40079" type="journal article" year="1871">Lyman, 1871</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
would be available (
<bibRefCitation id="EF885AE8FFB8FF90E4832AEC23FBB8E7" author="Olbers, J. M. &amp; Griffiths, C. L. &amp; O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Samyn, Y." box="[1216,1425,904,930]" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" refId="ref17400" refString="Olbers, J. M., Griffiths, C. L., O'Hara, T. D. &amp; Samyn, Y. (2019) Field guide to the brittle and basket stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) of South Africa. ABCTaxa. Vol. 19. Belgian National Focal Point to the Global Taxonomy Initiative, Brussels, 346 pp." type="book" year="2019">
Olbers
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E5572AED2327B8E7" box="[1300,1357,904,930]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">et al.</emphasis>
2019
</bibRefCitation>
). Until the relationships between the putative species have been resolved, we retain the name
<taxonomicName id="4C195C9AFFB8FF90E4DE2AC82335B883" authorityName="Ljungman" authorityYear="1866" box="[1181,1375,940,966]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="5" pageNumber="82" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="kinbergi">
<emphasis id="B96DFB0BFFB8FF90E4DE2AC82335B883" box="[1181,1375,940,966]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="82">Ophiura kinbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>