435 lines
56 KiB
XML
435 lines
56 KiB
XML
<document id="E0066C948793E238D8728676F9717C49" ID="10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.12SLASH10279" ID-CLB-Dataset="25098" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.12" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ca3faf3-3edd-4eb2-a2e7-825faf90dfeb" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="321799" ID-ZooBank="43E1D901-D818-4006-B0BD-8FF1B3774C69" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1487841514486" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cho, Hee-Wook & Świętojańska, Jolanta" docDate="2017" docId="039C87CEFFFAA14BFF32FC9D90F7FC5D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4236.2.12SLASH10279.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4236 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Plagiosterna aenea Linnaeus 1758" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="388" masterDocId="FFA5FFB6FFF9A14CFFA5FFF59366FFA8" masterDocTitle="Larval morphology of Plagiosterna adamsii (Baly) and P. aenea (Linnaeus) with resurrection of Gastrolinoides Chûjô & Kimoto and P. formosana (Bates) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)" masterLastPageNumber="391" masterPageNumber="381" pageNumber="384" updateTime="1698437262608" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D004149AC29A9DA579752D8703376EF4">Larval morphology of Plagiosterna adamsii (Baly) and P. aenea (Linnaeus) with resurrection of Gastrolinoides Chûjô & Kimoto and P. formosana (Bates) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="490BB86E4D0E695873288E25457C6DA6">Cho, Hee-Wook</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D32235905D17352B2FF4FC0253A1DBC4">Świętojańska, Jolanta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="B201F4C3A09C399FBAE0E6224E96DABE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A3B29647906191B7775A3311FF5D796F">
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<mods:date id="CD04D91F5E3CB17C8C361F503097911B">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F902CCC2C086FEA5A0682C10B681AA56">2017-02-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="099008D84164609024C9E0CD684DAABC">4236</mods:number>
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<subSection id="E2BA2F33FFFAA14BFF32FC9D90F7FC5D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="multiple">
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<treatment id="039C87CEFFFAA14BFF32FC9D90F7FC5D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6019035" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159868449" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6019035" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C87CEFFFAA14BFF32FC9D90F7FC5D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C87CEFFFAA14BFF32FC9D90F7FC5D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFAA14FFF32FC9D90C3FC2A" box="[151,933,871,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF32FC9D90C3FC2A" blockId="3.[151,933,871,931]" box="[151,933,871,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<heading id="D0C281B4FFFAA14FFF32FC9D90C3FC2A" bold="true" box="[151,933,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF32FC9D90C3FC2A" bold="true" box="[151,933,871,898]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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Description of the larva of
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<treatmentCitation id="0A9410C9FFFAA14FFE40FC9290C3FC2A" author="Linnaeus, C." authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" bookContentInfo="824 pp." box="[485,933,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" journalOrPublisher="Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" refId="ref6195" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, iv + 824 pp." species="aenea" title="Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata" treatmentTaxon="Plagiosterna aenea" type="book" year="1758">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFAA14FFE40FC9290C3FC2A" authority="Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[485,933,871,898]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFE40FC9291A8FC29" bold="true" box="[485,718,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFAA14FFD79FC9D90FBFC2A" author="Linnaeus, C." bookContentInfo="824 pp." box="[732,925,872,898]" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" journalOrPublisher="Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" refId="ref6195" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, iv + 824 pp." title="Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFAA148FF32FC7F915BFCF4" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF32FC7F92BBFC0B" blockId="3.[151,933,871,931]" box="[151,477,906,931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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(
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFF3AFC7F9262FC0B" box="[159,260,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,913,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Habitus of Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 4. dorsal view; 5. lateral view; 6. ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321801/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Figs 4–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFEAAFC7F923EFC0B" box="[271,344,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">15–22</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFEC6FC7E92E4FC0B" box="[355,386,907,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 24" captionStartId="7.[151,263,645,668]" captionTargetBox="[509,1080,215,603]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[488,1099,193,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 24. Tibia and tarsungulus, last instar larva. 23. Plagiosterna adamsii; 24. P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321804/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">24</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFE28FC7E92B3FC0B" box="[397,469,907,931]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">27–29</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF32FC27922CFBD3" blockId="3.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF32FC279210FC43" bold="true" box="[151,374,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">First instar larva.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFFAA14FFD87FC2791ABFC42" box="[546,717,978,1003]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="2.6" valueMin="2.4">2.40–2.60 mm</quantity>
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, width
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||
<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFFAA14FFC88FC2690BEFC42" box="[813,984,979,1003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.70–0.80 mm</quantity>
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, head width
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||
<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFFAA14FFBDFFC279783FC42" box="[1146,1253,978,1003]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="0.58">0.58 mm</quantity>
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(n = 2). Body yellowish-white with head dark brown, tubercles and legs brown. Sclerotized platelets on dorsum rather dense, on venter sparse. Defensive glands present on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments I–VII. Small egg bursters present on meso- and metathorax. Head and mouthparts similar in the shape and chaetotaxy to those of the last instar larva.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FB739281FAA3" blockId="3.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FB73927EFB37" box="[199,280,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Thorax</emphasis>
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. Prothorax with D-DL-EPa (8–11L 7–9S 3–4M); EPp (1S 2M); P (3S); ES-SS (1S 2M) (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFA92FB7396E9FB37" box="[1335,1423,1158,1183]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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). Meso- and metathorax with Da (2–4S 0–2M); Dp (1L 0–1S) smaller than Da; DLi (1L 2S) with a small egg burster situated anterior to a long seta; DLe (1L 5–6S 0–1M) conical with a defensive gland; EPa (4–5S); EPp (1L 3–4S); P (2S); SS (1M); ES (1S 1M).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FAE39713FA33" blockId="3.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FAE39257FA87" box="[199,305,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Abdomen</emphasis>
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. Segments I–VI with D (1L 4–6S); DL (1L 2S 1–2M) with a defensive gland; EP (1L 4–5S); P (1L 2–3S); PS-SS (2–3S 1M) generally divided into 2 tubercles; ES (2S) on both sides fused; as1 (1M). Segment VII with D on both sides fused; DL with a defensive gland. Segment VIII with dorsal and dorsolateral tubercles fused. Segment IX with D-DL-EP (5S 4–5M) fused. Segment X with pygopod well developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA14FFF62FA539649F912" blockId="3.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62FA539289FA17" bold="true" box="[199,495,1446,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Third (last) instar larva.</emphasis>
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Body length
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFFAA14FFD29FA539042FA16" box="[652,804,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.35" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="8.6" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="9.35" valueMax="10.1" valueMin="8.6">8.6–10.1 mm</quantity>
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, width
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFFAA14FFCDFFA529763FA16" box="[890,1029,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="2.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="2.8" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="2.3">2.3–3.3 mm</quantity>
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, head width
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<quantity id="4CCD9B3DFFFAA14FFB3DFA52965BFA16" box="[1176,1341,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.32" metricValueMax="1.37" metricValueMin="1.27" pageId="3" pageNumber="384" unit="mm" value="1.32" valueMax="1.37" valueMin="1.27">1.27–1.37 mm</quantity>
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(n = 8). Body elongate, widest at abdominal segments II–III and moderately convex dorsally (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFBD7FA3F97BAFA4B" box="[1138,1244,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,913,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Habitus of Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 4. dorsal view; 5. lateral view; 6. ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321801/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Figs 4–5</figureCitation>
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). Head brown to dark brown with mouthparts partially yellowish-white; dorsal tubercles brown to pale brown, whereas ventral ones unpigmented (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFE9CF9E79219F983" box="[313,383,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="4.[151,263,1916,1939]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,913,1895]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,913,1895]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Habitus of Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 4. dorsal view; 5. lateral view; 6. ventral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321801/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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); median region of D-DL-EPa on prothorax unpigmented; sometimes median region of D on abdominal segments VI–IX unpigmented; very rarely all tubercles pigmented (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFBF7F9C397C9F9E7" box="[1106,1199,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
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); dorsal integument yellowish-brown except median line of thorax on account of dense and moderately sclerotized platelets, whereas ventral one pale yellow on account of sparse and weakly sclerotized platelets; legs pale yellow with apex of each segment dark brown. Defensive glands present on meso- and metathorax and abdominal segments I–VII.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFAA148FF62F9339090FE04" blockId="3.[151,1437,978,2011]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,861]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="385" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">
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<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFAA14FFF62F9339262F977" box="[199,260,1734,1759]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Head</emphasis>
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. Hypognathous, rounded, strongly sclerotized (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFCBEF9339009F977" box="[795,879,1734,1759]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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). Vertex with 4 pairs of minute setae; epicranium with 7–9 pairs of setae; temporal side of head with 4 pairs of setae. Epicranial suture distinct; frontal suture short, not reaching antennal socket; endocarina well developed. Frons with 3 pairs of setae. Clypeus trapezoidal with 3 pairs of setae. Labrum deeply emarginate with 2 pairs of short and 1 pair of minute setae and 2 pairs of campaniform sensilla placed medially (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFDF5F8A391C2F8C7" box="[592,676,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
); epipharynx with 3 pairs of stout setae at anterior margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFA9EF8A396E9F8C7" box="[1339,1423,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible palmate, 5-toothed, with 2 setae and 2 campaniform sensilla (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFAA14FFC65F88F9725F83B" box="[960,1091,1914,1939]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="384">Figs 16–17</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxillary palp 3-segmented; palpomere I transverse with 1 seta and 1 campaniform sensillum; II rectangular with 2 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; III subconical with 1 seta, 1 digitiform sensillum and 1 campaniform sensillum on sides and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex; palpifer distinct with 2 setae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFDA148FC86FF629010FF18" box="[803,886,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mala rounded with 10 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum; stipes longer than wide with 3 setae; cardo without setae. Labial palp 2-segmented; palpomere I rectangular with 1 minute seta and 1 campaniform sensillum; II subconical with 1 campaniform sensillum on outer side and a group of peg-like sensilla at the apex. Hypopharyngeal area with 3 pairs of setae (2 of them placed internally, not visible on
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFDA148FE09FED2929AFEE8" box="[428,508,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 1 pair of campaniform sensilla. Prementum with 2 pairs of setae; postmentum with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmata 6 on each side, 4 of them located above antenna and 2 behind antenna. Antenna short, 3-segmented; antenomere I transverse with 3 campaniform sensilla; II stout with a conical sensorium and 5 setae; III subconical with 5 setae and 1 campaniform sensillum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFDA148FCC2FE61908CFE04" box="[871,1002,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 22" captionStartId="6.[151,263,1893,1916]" captionTargetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,517,1873]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 22. Plagiosterna aenea, last instar larva. 15. head; 16 – 17. mandibles; 18 – 19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Figs 18–19</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFDA148FF62FE4291A8FD2C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFDA148FF62FE42927EFE78" box="[199,280,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Prothorax with D-DL-EPa (1L 17–19S) largest; EPp (3–4S) small and rounded; P (2S); ES-SS (2–4S) not sclerotized (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFDA148FEE8FE2992C5FE5C" box="[333,419,476,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 28</figureCitation>
|
||
). Meso- and metathorax with Da (3–4S 2M) rarely divided into large Dai and small Dae; Dp (2–3S) smaller than Da; DLi (2–3S) smaller than Dp; DLe (1L 7–9S 1M) large and conical with a defensive gland; EPa (3–6S); EPp (1L 3–5S); P (1–3S); SS (1S) and ES (2S) not sclerotized. Mesothoracic spiracles annuliform; peritreme fused with EPa. Legs rather stout; tibia with 13 setae; tarsungulus strongly curved, basal tooth well developed, with 1 minute seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFDA148FDC8FD9991A4FD2C" box="[621,706,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURES 23 – 24" captionStartId="7.[151,263,645,668]" captionTargetBox="[509,1080,215,603]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[488,1099,193,624]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 23 – 24. Tibia and tarsungulus, last instar larva. 23. Plagiosterna adamsii; 24. P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321804/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Fig. 24</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFDA148FF62FD7A915BFCF4" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFDA148FF62FD7A9257FD00" box="[199,305,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Segments I–VI with D (0–1L 6–8S) wider than long; DL (1L 2–3S) conical with a defensive gland; EP (1L 5–6S); P (1L 1–3S) smaller than EP, rarely equal in size; PS-SS (2–4S) sometimes divided into 2–3 tubercles, slightly sclerotized; ES (2S) on both sides fused or separated, slightly sclerotized; as1 (1S) very small. Segment VII with D on both sides fused; DL with a defensive gland. Segments VIII–IX each with dorsal and dorsolateral tubercles fused (2L 6–7S 2M and 9S 2–4M respectively). Segment X with pygopod well developed. Spiracles present on segments I–VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6650FFFDA148FF32F8899666F83B" box="[151,1280,1916,1939]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321801/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" targetBox="[151,1436,913,1895]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFDA148FF32F8899666F83B" blockId="4.[151,1280,1916,1939]" box="[151,1280,1916,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFDA148FF32F889925CF83A" bold="true" box="[151,314,1916,1939]" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">FIGURES 4–6.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFDA148FE14F8889110F83B" box="[433,630,1917,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="385" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFDA148FE14F8889110F83B" box="[433,630,1917,1939]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="385">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, last instar larva. 4. dorsal view; 5. lateral view; 6. ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6650FFFCA149FF32FA1992F5F98A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321802/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" targetBox="[160,1425,182,1487]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFCA149FF32FA1992F5F98A" blockId="5.[151,1436,1516,1570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FF32FA199220F9AA" bold="true" box="[151,326,1516,1539]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">FIGURES 7–14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFCA149FEE9FA189142F9AB" box="[332,548,1517,1539]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FEE9FA189142F9AB" box="[332,548,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Plagiosterna adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, last instar larva. 7. head; 8–9. mandibles; 10–11. antennae; 12. labrum; 13. epipharynx; 14. maxillae and labium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFCA149FF62F9BC96EBF966" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFCA149FF62F9BC96EBF966" blockId="5.[151,1437,1609,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FF62F9BC9227F9CA" bold="true" box="[199,321,1609,1634]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The last instar larva of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFCA149FDFDF9BC9053F9C9" box="[600,821,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FDFDF9BC9053F9C9" box="[600,821,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFCA149FB81F9BF97AFF9C9" box="[1060,1225,1610,1633]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FB81F9BF9754F9C9" box="[1060,1074,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FBE6F9BF97AFF9C9" box="[1091,1225,1610,1633]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">aeneipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the pale brown dorsum on account of weakly sclerotized platelets. However, this species can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFCA149FB5FF99B96FAF92D" box="[1274,1436,1646,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FB5FF99B966EF92D" box="[1274,1288,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FAB3F99B96FAF92D" box="[1302,1436,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">aeneipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the dorsal tubercles well sclerotized, tubercle D on abdomen well developed and legs pale yellow (dorsal tubercles weakly sclerotized, tubercle D on abdomen hardly recognizable and legs dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFCA149FB7EF943961BF965" box="[1243,1405,1718,1741]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aeneipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FB7EF943978FF965" box="[1243,1257,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FB52F943961BF965" box="[1271,1405,1718,1741]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">aeneipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFCA149FF62F92C9616F8BE" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFCA149FF62F92C9616F8BE" blockId="5.[151,1437,1609,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FF62F92C92D0F95A" bold="true" box="[199,438,1753,1778]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
4 first and 10 last instar larvae,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FCEAF92C9083F959" box="[847,997,1753,1778]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFCA149FC53F92C971FF95A" box="[1014,1145,1753,1778]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeongbuk" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Gyeongbuk</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov., Cheongsong, Mt. Bohyeonsan,
|
||
<date id="FF8B1018FFFCA149FE8AF90892C3F8BE" box="[303,421,1789,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" value="2006-05-17">17.V.2006</date>
|
||
, H.W. Cho; 3 last instar larvae,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FCACF908903CF8BE" box="[777,858,1789,1814]" name="Poland" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Złotoryja, Wojcieszów,
|
||
<date id="FF8B1018FFFCA149FBCAF90B978BF8BE" box="[1135,1261,1790,1814]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" value="2013-07-03">3.VII.2013</date>
|
||
, H.W. Cho.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFCA149FF62F8D492E4F846" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFCA149FF62F8D492E4F846" blockId="5.[151,1437,1609,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FF62F8D49206F892" bold="true" box="[199,352,1825,1850]" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Transpalaearctic species:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FD33F8D49194F892" box="[662,754,1825,1850]" name="Albania" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Albania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FCA7F8D49031F892" box="[770,855,1825,1850]" name="Austria" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FCCDF8D49733F892" box="[872,1109,1825,1850]" name="Bosnia and Herzegovina" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Bosnia Herzegovina</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FBC0F8D497AEF892" box="[1125,1224,1825,1850]" name="Bulgaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Bulgaria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FB7CF8D49657F892" box="[1241,1329,1825,1850]" name="Belarus" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Belarus</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FAE7F8D496FEF892" box="[1346,1432,1825,1850]" name="Croatia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Croatia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FF32F8B0922DF8F6" box="[151,331,1861,1886]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FEF3F8B092A7F8F6" box="[342,449,1861,1886]" name="Denmark" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Denmark</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FE69F8B09145F8F6" box="[460,547,1861,1886]" name="Estonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Estonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FD88F8B091E3F8F6" box="[557,645,1861,1886]" name="Finland" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Finland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FD35F8B391B9F8F5" box="[656,735,1862,1885]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FD4FF8B39035F8F6" box="[746,851,1862,1886]" name="Germany" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FCFBF8B09778F8F6" box="[862,1054,1861,1886]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FB8DF8B397EDF8F6" box="[1064,1163,1862,1886]" name="Hungary" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FB33F8B097ACF8F6" box="[1174,1226,1861,1886]" name="Italy" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FB70F8B09646F8F6" box="[1237,1312,1861,1886]" name="Latvia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Latvia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FA8FF8B096FEF8F6" box="[1322,1432,1861,1886]" name="Lithuania" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Lithuania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FF32F89C9271F82A" box="[151,279,1897,1922]" name="Macedonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FE8DF89F92E5F82A" box="[296,387,1898,1922]" name="Norway" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Norway</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FE30F89C9280F82A" box="[405,486,1897,1922]" name="Poland" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FE52F89C9139F82A" box="[503,607,1897,1922]" name="Romania" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Romania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FDD5F89C91B3F82A" box="[624,725,1897,1922]" name="Slovakia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Slovakia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FD42F89C902AF82A" box="[743,844,1897,1922]" name="Slovenia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Slovenia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FCF8F89C90C6F82A" box="[861,928,1897,1922]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FC17F89C976BF82A" box="[946,1037,1897,1922]" name="Sweden" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FBBAF89C9650F82A" box="[1055,1334,1897,1922]" name="Serbia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Serbia and Montenegro</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FAE2F89C96FEF82A" box="[1351,1432,1897,1922]" name="Turkey" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FF32F8789392F80E" box="[151,244,1933,1958]" name="Ukraine" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FF5AF878922CF80E" box="[255,330,1933,1958]" name="Russia" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Central & North European Territories, West & East Siberia, Far East),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FBD4F87897D2F80E" box="[1137,1204,1933,1958]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFCA149FB66F878963CF80E" box="[1219,1370,1933,1958]" country="China" name="Heilongjiang" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Heilongjiang</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFCA149FAC0F87896FEF80E" box="[1381,1432,1933,1958]" country="China" name="Jilin" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Jilin</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFCA149FF32F8449267F862" box="[151,257,1969,1994]" country="China" name="Liaoning" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Liaoning</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FEB3F847923BF861" box="[278,349,1970,1993]" name="South Korea" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFCA149FECEF84792CDF861" box="[363,427,1970,1993]" name="Japan" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFCA149FE19F84491EEF861" author="Kippenberg, H." box="[444,648,1969,1994]" editor="Lobl, I & Smetana, A." firstAuthor="Kippenberg" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" pagination="390 - 443" refId="ref6095" refString="Kippenberg, H. (2010) New acts and comments, Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae. In: Lobl, I. & Smetana, A. (Eds.), Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Fol. 6. Chrysomeloidea. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, pp. 67 - 73, 390 - 443." title="New acts and comments, Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. Fol. 6. Chrysomeloidea" year="2010">Kippenberg 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is excluded from the Taiwanese fauna (see comments under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFCA149FF78F8239214F846" box="[221,370,2006,2030]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="386" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FF78F823938DF845" box="[221,235,2006,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFCA149FF5FF8239214F846" box="[250,370,2006,2030]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="386">formosana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFFA14AFF62FF629136FF07" box="[199,592,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFFA14AFF62FF629136FF07" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,464]" box="[199,592,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFF62FF62922DFF18" bold="true" box="[199,331,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Host plant.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFEF7FF6292B7FF18" box="[338,465,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFE79FF62917AFF18" box="[476,540,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Alnus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFE79FF62917AFF18" box="[476,540,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Alnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6553FFFFA14BFF62FF4990F7FC5D" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="388" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFFA14AFF62FF49961DFE78" blockId="6.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFF62FF49925DFF7D" bold="true" box="[199,315,188,213]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFEE7FF49917BFF7C" box="[322,541,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFEE7FF49917BFF7C" box="[322,541,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is divided into three subspecies on the basis of coloration:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFB10FF489638FF7C" box="[1205,1374,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFB10FF4897A5FF7C" box="[1205,1219,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFB74FF489638FF7C" box="[1233,1374,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">aenea aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFFA14AFF32FF2A9233FF50" box="[151,341,223,248]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFFA14AFEDFFF1592DCFF5F" box="[378,442,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFFA14AFE6FFF2A915BFF50" box="[458,573,223,248]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFC2FFF1497C6FF50" authority="Chujo" authorityName="Chujo" box="[906,1184,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="insularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFC2FFF1490FEFF50" box="[906,920,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFC02FF149732FF50" box="[935,1108,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">aenea insularis</emphasis>
|
||
Chûjô
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFFA14AFB43FF159640FF5F" box="[1254,1318,224,247]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Shikoku, Kyushu) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFE9CFEF09138FEB5" authority="Nakane" authorityName="Nakane" box="[313,606,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="tsutsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFE9CFEF09221FEB4" box="[313,327,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFEFEFEF0929DFEB4" box="[347,507,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">aenea tsutsuii</emphasis>
|
||
Nakane
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFFA14AFD08FEF0918BFEB4" box="[685,749,261,284]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(South Honshu). Diagnostic characters of larvae of these subspecies were provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFFA14AFE53FED291A3FEE8" author="Takizawa, H." box="[502,709,295,320]" firstAuthor="Takizawa" journalOrPublisher="Akitu, New Series" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" pagination="1 - 6" part="8" refId="ref6482" refString="Takizawa, H. (1976 a) Larva of Linaeidea formosana (Bates) from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Akitu, New Series, 8, 1 - 6." title="Larva of Linaeidea formosana (Bates) from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)" type="journal article" year="1976" yearSuffix="a">Takizawa (1976a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFFA14AFCA3FED29736FEE8" author="Kimoto, S. & Takizawa, H." bookContentInfo="539 pp." box="[774,1104,295,320]" firstAuthor="Kimoto" journalOrPublisher="Tokai University Press, Tokyo" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" refId="ref6066" refString="Kimoto, S. & Takizawa, H. (1994) Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Japan. Tokai University Press, Tokyo, 539 pp." title="Leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Japan" type="book" year="1994">Kimoto & Takizawa (1994)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. These subspecies generally occupy different regions of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFFA14AFE7CFEB8917FFECC" box="[473,537,333,356]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Takizawa 2016, personal communication).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFBBFFEB99622FECC" box="[1050,1348,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFBBFFEB99622FECC" box="[1050,1348,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Plagiosterna aenea aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very common in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFFA14AFEBAFE9A92EBFE20" box="[287,397,367,392]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
|
||
and middle Honshu, but is gradually diminished and restricted to montane areas in Kyushu and Shikoku.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFE96FE619100FE04" box="[307,614,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="tsutsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFE96FE619100FE04" box="[307,614,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Plagiosterna aenea tsutsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is scattered in the southern area of Honshu (
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFFA14AFBFAFE6197D8FE05" box="[1119,1214,404,429]" country="Japan" name="Shizuoka" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Sizuoka</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Yamanasi,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F1F83AFFFFA14AFAE0FE6096FAFE05" box="[1349,1436,405,429]" country="Japan" name="Nagano" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Nagano</collectingRegion>
|
||
and Aiti Prefectures). The hybrid zone of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFDCEFE4C9072FE78" box="[619,788,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFDCEFE4C911FFE78" box="[619,633,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFD22FE4C9072FE78" box="[647,788,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">aenea aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFCEFFE4C9766FE78" box="[842,1024,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="tsutsuii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFCEFFE4C903EFE78" box="[842,856,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFCC3FE4C9766FE78" box="[870,1024,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">aenea tsutsuii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Izu Peninsula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6650FFFFA14AFF32F890915EF832" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321803/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" targetBox="[165,1432,528,1859]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFFA14AFF32F890915EF832" blockId="6.[151,1436,1893,1946]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFF32F890923AF8D3" bold="true" box="[151,348,1893,1916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">FIGURES 15–22.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFFA14AFECEF893915FF8D4" box="[363,569,1894,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="387" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFFA14AFECEF893915FF8D4" box="[363,569,1894,1916]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="387">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, last instar larva. 15. head; 16–17. mandibles; 18–19. antennae; 20. labrum; 21. epipharynx; 22. maxillae and labium.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6650FFFEA14BFF32FD709710FD33" box="[151,1142,645,668]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321804/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" targetBox="[509,1080,215,603]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFEA14BFF32FD709710FD33" blockId="7.[151,1142,645,668]" box="[151,1142,645,668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFF32FD709232FD33" bold="true" box="[151,340,645,668]" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">FIGURES 23–24.</emphasis>
|
||
Tibia and tarsungulus, last instar larva. 23.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFEA14BFCABFD709081FD33" box="[782,999,645,667]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="adamsii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFCABFD709081FD33" box="[782,999,645,667]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">Plagiosterna adamsii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; 24.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFEA14BFBBEFD729716FD34" box="[1051,1136,646,668]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFBBEFD729741FD34" box="[1051,1063,647,668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFB91FD729716FD34" box="[1076,1136,647,668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A36D8FFFEA14BFF62FD1490F7FC5D" blockId="7.[151,1436,737,1014]" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">
|
||
Larval characters of Korean specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFEA14BFD14FD1490F7FD52" box="[689,913,737,762]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFD14FD1490F7FD52" box="[689,913,737,762]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">Plagiosterna aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are identical to those of Polish specimens. A remarkable variation in pigmentation of tubercle is found in one specimen from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3227648FFFEA14BFBCCFCF097DFFCB6" box="[1129,1209,773,798]" name="Poland" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A5DFFFEA14BFB68FCF0964EFCB6" box="[1229,1320,773,798]" captionStart="FIGURES 25 – 29" captionStartId="8.[151,263,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[239,1351,254,1656]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1705]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 25 – 29. Schematic presentation of tubercular patterns (top: prothorax; middle: mesothorax; bottom: 2 nd abdominal segment). 25. first instar larva of Plagiosterna adamsii; 26. last instar larva of P. adamsii; 27. first instar larva of P. aenea; 28. last instar larva of P. aenea; 29. color variation of last instar larva of P. aenea." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/321805/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">Fig. 29</figureCitation>
|
||
), but this phenomenon seems to be extremely rare. Recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFEA14BFCA6FCDC90BFFCEA" author="Park, J. & Cho, H. W. & Lee, J. E. & Park, J. K." box="[771,985,809,834]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Park" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" pagination="309 - 313" part="8" refId="ref6410" refString="Park, J., Cho, H. W., Lee, J. E. & Park, J. K. (2015) Description of immature stages of the genus Plagiosterna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific biodiversity, 8 (4), 309 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2015.09.004" title="Description of immature stages of the genus Plagiosterna (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) from Korea" type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Park
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFCE6FCDE901FFCEA" box="[835,889,809,834]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2015)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote “In the Korean specimens, the tubercles on the dorsal surface, except glanduliferous tubercle (DL), disappear in the last instar larval stage. This character is consistent with those noted in European specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFEA14BFC3EFC849778FC22" author="Lipp, H." box="[923,1054,881,906]" firstAuthor="Lipp" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref6245" refString="Lipp, H. (1935) Die Lebensweise von Melasoma aenea (L.) in der Mark (Col. Chrysomel.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1 - 2, l - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 193519350101" title="Die Lebensweise von Melasoma aenea (L.) in der Mark (Col. Chrysomel.)" type="book chapter" year="1935">Lipp 1935</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)”. However, the description and illustration of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFEA14BFEE6FC6392CEFC05" box="[323,424,918,941]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFEE6FC639237FC05" box="[323,337,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFEC1FC6392CEFC05" box="[356,424,918,941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their text clearly shows dorsal tubercles, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B29FFFEA14BFC5EFC6097EEFC06" author="Lipp, H." box="[1019,1160,917,942]" firstAuthor="Lipp" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" pagination="1 - 2" refId="ref6245" refString="Lipp, H. (1935) Die Lebensweise von Melasoma aenea (L.) in der Mark (Col. Chrysomel.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1 - 2, l - 64. https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 193519350101" title="Die Lebensweise von Melasoma aenea (L.) in der Mark (Col. Chrysomel.)" type="book chapter" year="1935">Lipp (1935)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that sternal tubercles are disappeared in the last instar larva. The color polymorphism with disappearance of dorsal tubercles has been known only from Japanese population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D5BFFFEA14BFD78FC2B90ECFC5D" box="[733,906,990,1013]" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Plagiosterna" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="388" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="aenea" subSpecies="aenea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFD78FC2B918DFC5D" box="[733,747,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EACAFFFEA14BFD5FFC2B90ECFC5D" box="[762,906,990,1013]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="388">aenea aenea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |