221 lines
28 KiB
XML
221 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document id="8E6CAD3472C2F00B2B332F8104132266" ID-CLB-Dataset="26985" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6f362bc-4d6b-4e3a-b69a-a9e8392e6756" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2650112" ID-ZooBank="D9E64DD6-D675-4E25-B9B8-A44C14CE0B22" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556106999488" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Hoeksema, Bert W. & Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="039C8788FFB12165FDD38B6FFB9770B8" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-519_oliveira_hoeksema_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Polysyncraton magnilarvum" docType="treatment" docVersion="19" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="FFA5FFF0FFBF2175FFCB8F2FFFB4710F" masterDocTitle="Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1698723430310" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DDCE41F03D9C46A2DE906B7A6045C6EE">Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="293C39E12137A4BFFD5E0AA4AB8A2D0E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6763F3C73249672614DEDB4E0FB5B8A4">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="71C3B71D7B2782E5438B00031EC0A694">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C14AAFCC6FFDE2865038649C3BC27CDD" type="email">liviaoliveira@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="9D45D8046D0B867D8BC142D823695398">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="74BE0F8532EDC220A2FFE30147D2BC41">Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D1160A621EFD36DC50CD392357703A8E" type="email">bert.hoeksema@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="E015D242A29C378D71DA9A0F69DD100D">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="40E984B42F5CB63DC37D49BFB948FE26">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="EA53D640953F9B6E37A513131223ED56" type="email">rmrocha@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="8765E94C140E71DCAA2143086363CE03">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="039C8788FFB12165FDD38B6FFB9770B8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167422" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156880453" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C8788FFB12165FDD38B6FFB9770B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFB12165FDD38B6FFB9770B8" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB1217BFDD38B6FFBAF7554" box="[536,1051,1088,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFDD38B6FFBAF7554" blockId="14.[536,1051,1088,1152]" box="[536,1051,1088,1115]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0C281F2FFB1217BFDD38B6FFBAF7554" box="[536,1051,1088,1115]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFDD38B6FFBAF7554" authority="(Millar, 1962)" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[536,1051,1088,1115]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnilarvum">
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<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFDD38B6FFCDB7554" bold="true" box="[536,879,1088,1115]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Polysyncraton magnilarvum</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFCB58B6FFBA77554" author="Millar" box="[894,1043,1088,1115]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 196" refId="ref8883" refString="Millar R. H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (7): 113 - 196." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar, 1962</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB1217BFD3C8B49FC88758F" box="[759,828,1126,1152]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFD3C8B49FC88758F" blockId="14.[536,1051,1088,1152]" box="[759,828,1126,1152]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFD3C8B49FC88758F" box="[759,828,1126,1152]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Polysyncraton magnilarvum (Millar, 1962), stained with hemalum. a. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet). b. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ). c. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe). d. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466). e. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB1217BFF768B84FC6F75CA" box="[189,987,1194,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768B84FC6F75CA" blockId="14.[189,987,1194,1221]" box="[189,987,1194,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB2511B0FFB1217BFF768B84FC6F75CA" box="[189,987,1194,1221]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB1217BFF768B84FCC875CA" authority="Millar, 1962: 165" authorityName="Millar" authorityPageNumber="165" authorityYear="1962" box="[189,892,1194,1221]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnilarvum" subGenus="Polysyncraton">
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<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFF768B84FE8A75CA" box="[189,318,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Didemnum</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFE848B84FE4C75CA" box="[335,504,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFDC28B84FD1175CA" box="[521,677,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">magnilarvum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0A94108FFFB1217BFD668B85FCC875CA" author="Millar R. H." box="[685,892,1194,1221]" page="165" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" year="1962">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFD668B85FCC875CA" author="Millar" box="[685,892,1194,1221]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 196" refId="ref8883" refString="Millar R. H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (7): 113 - 196." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar, 1962: 165</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 25.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB1217BFF768BC0FBCD76E4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768BC0FE1E7406" blockId="14.[189,426,1263,1289]" box="[189,426,1263,1289]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0C281F2FFB1217BFF768BC0FE1E7406" bold="true" box="[189,426,1263,1289]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFF768BC0FE1E7406" bold="true" box="[189,426,1263,1289]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Material examined</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768A0FFDD7746F" blockId="14.[189,1398,1312,1377]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB1217BFF768A0FFE3A7435" box="[189,398,1312,1338]" name="Madagascar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">MADAGASCAR</collectingCountry>
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• 3 slides; South Madagascar, further collecting data unknown; MNHN A2-2466, MNHN A2-2767, MNHN A2-2470.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768AA4FE7374AB" blockId="14.[189,455,1418,1445]" box="[189,455,1418,1445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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<heading id="D0C281F2FFB1217BFF768AA4FE7374AB" bold="true" box="[189,455,1418,1445]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB1217BFF768AA4FE7374AB" bold="true" box="[189,455,1418,1445]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Emended description</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB1217BFF768A93FBCD76E4" blockId="14.[189,1399,1468,2027]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
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The specimen from Magadascar has a long and trifurcated atrial languet (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFBCE8A93FBEC74D9" box="[1029,1112,1468,1494]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Polysyncraton magnilarvum (Millar, 1962), stained with hemalum. a. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet). b. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ). c. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe). d. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466). e. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
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), while Millar’s material from
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<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB1217BFF358ACDFE2D74F3" box="[254,409,1506,1532]" name="Mozambique" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
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has a short atrial languet (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB1217BFD1F8ACDFCD274F2" author="Millar" box="[724,870,1506,1533]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="113 - 196" refId="ref8883" refString="Millar R. H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (7): 113 - 196." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar 1962</bibRefCitation>
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). The lateral thoracic organs are circular and not protruding, localised in the anterior half of the thorax at the level of the 1
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<superScript id="7C409BD6FFB1217BFB888928FBFA771A" attach="left" box="[1091,1102,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">st</superScript>
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row of stigmata, close to the endostyle (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFEA08901FE777746" box="[363,451,1582,1609]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Polysyncraton magnilarvum (Millar, 1962), stained with hemalum. a. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet). b. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ). c. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe). d. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466). e. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9b</figureCitation>
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). The muscular process is longer than the abdomen, up to
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<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFBB38901FB677746" box="[1144,1235,1582,1609]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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in length and inserted in the middle of the esophageal peduncle. The abdomen is positioned perpendicularly to the thorax. The secondary gut loop does not overlay the stomach (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFC668955FBB2779B" box="[941,1030,1658,1684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Polysyncraton magnilarvum (Millar, 1962), stained with hemalum. a. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet). b. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ). c. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe). d. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466). e. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
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). The stoloniferous vessels are small and rounded, and a glandular tissue in the shape of a crescent lays inside the gut loop on the right side. The testis is slightly below the gut loop, divided in 10 to 12 follicles and surrounded by three to five coils of the sperm duct (
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<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFE1F89C3FDAC7608" box="[468,536,1772,1799]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Polysyncraton magnilarvum (Millar, 1962), stained with hemalum. a. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet). b. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ). c. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe). d. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466). e. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
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c–d). The larvae are elliptical, gemmiparous and the trunk is
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<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFB1789C3FA817608" box="[1244,1333,1772,1799]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.4">1.4 mm</quantity>
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long. A tail with a diameter of
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<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFE29883CFD897622" box="[482,573,1811,1837]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.04" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="104.0">104 µm</quantity>
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winds halfway around the trunk. The three adhesive papillae are close to each other, with short peduncles. The sucker of the central adhesive papilla is
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<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFB428816FB53765C" box="[1161,1255,1849,1875]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.33" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="133.0">133 µm</quantity>
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in diameter and the peduncle is
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<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFE648870FDB87676" box="[431,524,1887,1913]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.01" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="401.0">401 µm</quantity>
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long. There are 12 to 15 elongated ectodermal ampullae on each side of the larva body,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFEBD88AAFD917690" box="[374,549,1925,1951]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.23" metricValueMax="3.3299999999999996" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="223.0" valueMax="333.0" valueMin="113.0">113 to 333 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, depending on the developmental stage of the larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFB1217BFB1788ABFA877690" box="[1244,1331,1924,1951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" captionTargetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[214,1368,581,1867]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig. 9. Polysyncraton magnilarvum (Millar, 1962), stained with hemalum. a. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet). b. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ). c. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe). d. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466). e. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 9e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The sensorial vesicle (including ocellus and statocyte) is located in the mid-dorsal region of the larval trunk. The ocellus is
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFEAC88FFFE0076E4" box="[359,436,2000,2027]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="57.0">57 µm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFB1217BFDE388FEFD3776E4" box="[552,643,2001,2027]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.36" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="436.0">436 µm</quantity>
|
||
distant from the anterior region of the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFB02165FF768E24FC4A7047" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB0217AFF768E24FE9B702A" blockId="15.[189,303,267,293]" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<heading id="D0C281F2FFB0217AFF768E24FE9B702A" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFF768E24FE9B702A" bold="true" box="[189,303,267,293]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB02165FF768E16FC4A7047" blockId="15.[189,1399,313,515]" lastBlockId="16.[189,1398,267,328]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
This species was first reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB0217AFDBF8E16FCBB705C" box="[628,783,313,339]" name="Mozambique" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
by Millar in 1961, but the original description was published later by him in 1962 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB0217AFD848E72FD567078" author="Millar" box="[591,738,348,375]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="113 - 196" refId="ref8883" refString="Millar R. H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (7): 113 - 196." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with the following diagnostic characters: short atrial languet, testis with eight to ten follicles surrounded by 2½ coils of the sperm duct and larva with 15 pairs of ectodermal ampullae. The sample from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFB0217AFCC18E8CFC2C70B2" box="[778,920,419,445]" name="Madagascar" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
has a larger atrial languet and a larger number of testis follicles and coils of the sperm duct, but the larval characters are the same.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB0217AFB268EE8FAC370EE" author="Kott" box="[1261,1399,454,481]" firstAuthor="Kott" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref8518" refString="Kott P. 1975. The Ascidians of South Australia. III. Northern Sector of the Great Australian Bight and additional records. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 99 (1): 1 - 20. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41070575 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." type="journal article" year="1975">Kott (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymised it with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB0217AFE738EC6FCAF730C" authority="Tokioka, 1949" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1949" box="[440,795,489,515]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFE738EC6FDD1730C" box="[440,613,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">P. aspiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
Tokioka, 1949
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but later, C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB0217AFC748EC6FB75730C" accessDate="2018-07-20" author="Monniot C. & Monniot F. & Griffiths C. L. & Schleyer M." box="[959,1217,489,515]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="1 - 141" part="108" publicationUrl="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40905473" refId="ref9163" refString="Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths C. L. & Schleyer M. 2001. South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 108 (1): 1 - 141. Available from https: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 40905473 [accessed 20 Jul. 2018]." title="South African ascidians" type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Monniot
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFBE58EC6FBDE730C" box="[1070,1130,489,515]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2001)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
confirmed that both species were valid and differentiated
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAF2165FD6C8E23FCE6702A" authorityName="Tokioka" authorityYear="1949" box="[679,850,267,293]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aspiculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAF2165FD6C8E23FCE6702A" box="[679,850,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">P. aspiculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its globular spicules, the larvae with a trunk length of
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFAF2165FEE68E01FEC57047" box="[301,369,302,328]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
of trunk length and eight pairs of ectodermal ampullae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A6616FFB0217AFF768849FB0A76E4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239959/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" startId="15.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[214,1368,581,1867]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFB0217AFF768849FB0A76E4" blockId="15.[189,1398,1894,2027]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFF768849FEBF768F" bold="true" box="[189,267,1894,1920]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFB0217AFEDF8849FCA7768E" authority="(Millar, 1962)" authorityName="Millar" authorityYear="1962" baseAuthorityName="Millar" baseAuthorityYear="1962" box="[276,787,1894,1921]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnilarvum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFEDF8849FDD5768F" box="[276,609,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Polysyncraton magnilarvum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFB0217AFDB98849FCBF768E" author="Millar R. H." box="[626,779,1894,1921]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="113 - 196" part="46" refId="ref8883" refString="Millar R. H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (7): 113 - 196." title="Further descriptions of South African ascidians" type="journal article" year="1962">Millar, 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stained with hemalum.
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFBFF8848FBF7768E" bold="true" box="[1076,1091,1895,1921]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">a</emphasis>
|
||
. Zooid (arrow pointing at atrial languet).
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFEBB88A5FE3476AB" bold="true" box="[368,384,1930,1956]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">b</emphasis>
|
||
. Ventral view of the anterior region of the thorax (arrow indicating the lateral thoracic organ).
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFED08882FE9C76C8" bold="true" box="[283,296,1965,1991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">c</emphasis>
|
||
. Testis follicles (arrow indicating one lobe).
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFC858882FCEA76C8" bold="true" box="[846,862,1965,1991]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">d</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdomen (arrow indicates the sperm duct) (MNHN A2-2466).
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFB0217AFE6C88FFFE0076E5" bold="true" box="[423,436,2000,2026]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">e</emphasis>
|
||
. Larva (MNHN A2-2467). Scale bars: a = 0.2 mm; c–e = 0.1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFAF2165FF768E41FB9770B8" box="[189,1059,366,439]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAF2165FF768E41FEE27087" blockId="16.[189,342,366,392]" box="[189,342,366,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="D0C281F2FFAF2165FF768E41FEE27087" bold="true" box="[189,342,366,392]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAF2165FF768E41FEE27087" bold="true" box="[189,342,366,392]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAF2165FF768EB2FB9770B8" blockId="16.[189,1059,412,439]" box="[189,1059,412,439]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548E883CFFAF2165FF768EB2FF4370B8" box="[189,247,413,439]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFAF2165FEAD8EB3FDB570B9" box="[358,513,412,438]" name="Mozambique" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFAF2165FDDB8EB3FD1670B8" author="Millar" box="[528,674,412,439]" firstAuthor="Millar" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="113 - 196" refId="ref8883" refString="Millar R. H. 1962. Further descriptions of South African ascidians. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (7): 113 - 196." type="journal article" year="1962">Millar 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). South
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFAF2165FCCA8EB3FC3B70B9" box="[769,911,412,438]" name="Madagascar" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
(this study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |