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<document id="257FF13EA4973764EC5E704267FFD4BE" ID-CLB-Dataset="26985" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2019.519" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c6f362bc-4d6b-4e3a-b69a-a9e8392e6756" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2650112" ID-ZooBank="D9E64DD6-D675-4E25-B9B8-A44C14CE0B22" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1556106999488" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Oliveira, Livia M., Hoeksema, Bert W. &amp; Rocha, Rosana M." docDate="2019" docId="039C8788FFAD2160FD64894DFDE5730A" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-519_oliveira_hoeksema_rocha.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 519" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Polysyncraton Nott 1892" docType="treatment" docVersion="26" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFA5FFF0FFBF2175FFCB8F2FFFB4710F" masterDocTitle="Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species" masterLastPageNumber="25" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698723430310" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="3CCA943E74D1A893D25BE284FD408814" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CDB461197305EEBCCA922FE7FC9606ED">
<mods:title id="8A520BADFD214A2FF857CBF5819A6982">Polysyncraton (Ascidiacea, Didemnidae): a re-examination of some specimens and descriptions of three new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="F19BD23B81B18A2A8D16F34807494753" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CB89F827F4E84EB8A1174215672C1A98">
<mods:roleTerm id="F5249F51DCACA23BAC6193214B2F4448">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="F9347CE4C6B45766DECD4E2F2774E651">Oliveira, Livia M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="167E29394CCD1936DCE2FDBEE5B2A68B" type="LSID">2058206A-50D4-4956-8888-358701793D7F</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C7C15CC2906F967ACE2879FE45036D41">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7CD2060E4427F6F9B91AF560B236FA59" type="email">liviaoliveira@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="F78BC751EE8BD456DFE7BD2205FCBC73" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AA6B14120FAC452C30A28EAB279CAD90">
<mods:roleTerm id="8A1ED9D637502514E299F8BE0BE6190E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FE4B58FFE75AA88009EA5DAEE9A51715">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="01619527532E77A84196D237C5D039BB" type="LSID">548DBAFD-040B-4773-A043-6FCC466160A1</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0A388EB4A9FCFFEF8BA7429AAB1E607B">Department of Taxonomy and Systematics, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="0DC3496E9F30677E2E26FE1CF9D4E6CC" type="email">bert.hoeksema@naturalis.nl</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C2387E4B518792FCA2F807153DE86AEE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="504EB8CE867BF99FA7E14C25E2DA3A32">
<mods:roleTerm id="CA898A936D0397FF1B3F3D37EDCE0868">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="15B771F5BFE52E5F9941056B9FC8F828">Rocha, Rosana M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="69040AEC2D0B1B6CBCAC112383332221" type="LSID">E170DE7A-DB70-4E5B-8488-45FA680812DA</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="2F5E23835C9E90857D696DACF0EDB9AD">Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19020, 81531 - 980 Curitiba, Brazil.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DEFB5789CFE09126667EFE508A95A54A" type="email">rmrocha@ufpr.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4F46E96214F02B01441F78CA80D4E1BF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="8BFDD4FA800E8E1E68F9055B355E9658">
<mods:title id="9E4D25B7C8BEBE312B0DDFDDAC8FB0B8">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="F176315023FACD4072C12D6946373631">
<mods:date id="56B1D18CAA583E718BADBE05FFBD056F">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="43E144028A819E1B500A7E50159D044C" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="2389206A4B141B9A66EBBCFDF6E1B1C6">2019-04-23</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="59698C29C849027C45FC28C508790237" type="volume">
<mods:number id="19336D1C21DC06EA40B20918FA7F86E3">519</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8C30A1F96ADBEB3F0F4241F8619821CF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="23CA0B3FC33E558FC1882EF22D87B9AF">25</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="D228BAE59C9F2081835EC551C7010004">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="EC3C4C47A0804349CA4A72E34A729E84" type="CLB-Dataset">26985</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="936400ABA4CA9113F42965458B7B224D" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2019.519</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B1C11ECAF95C5A4643BCBB6E61AE56DA" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5CCA7254B293F17B2EBCE85F93E09EBC" type="Zenodo-Dep">2650112</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0A107496CB8FB0D1516F898700ED83A9" type="ZooBank">D9E64DD6-D675-4E25-B9B8-A44C14CE0B22</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="039C8788FFAD2160FD64894DFDE5730A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5167442" ID-GBIF-Taxon="156832913" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5167442" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C8788FFAD2160FD64894DFDE5730A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039C8788FFAD2160FD64894DFDE5730A" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFAD2167FD64894DFC307772" box="[687,900,1634,1661]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAD2167FD64894DFC307772" blockId="18.[687,900,1634,1696]" box="[687,900,1634,1661]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFAD2167FD64894DFC307772" box="[687,900,1634,1661]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAD2167FD64894DFCE87772" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[687,860,1634,1661]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAD2167FD64894DFCE87772" bold="true" box="[687,860,1634,1661]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFAD2167FD3B89AAFCF777AF" box="[752,835,1669,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAD2167FD3B89AAFCF777AF" blockId="18.[687,900,1634,1696]" box="[752,835,1669,1696]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFAD2167FD3B89AAFCF777AF" box="[752,835,1669,1696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="20.[189,232,1964,1990]" captionTargetBox="[189,1382,724,1910]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[189,1399,724,1916]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig. 12. Polysyncraton sp. a. Preserved colony. b. Thorax. c. Abdomen. Scale bars: a = 1 cm; b–c = 0.1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239965/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFAD2167FF7689E8FAED763B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAD2167FF7689E8FE1E77EE" blockId="18.[189,426,1735,1761]" box="[189,426,1735,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFAD2167FF7689E8FE1E77EE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1735,1761]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAD2167FF7689E8FE1E77EE" bold="true" box="[189,426,1735,1761]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAD2167FF7689D9FAED763B" blockId="18.[189,1399,1780,1844]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<materialsCitation id="3B5D3CC3FFAD2167FF7689D9FAE1763B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2236933715" collectingDate="2014-05-07" collectionCode="DZUP" collectorName="L. F. Skinner" country="Brazil" county="Cabo Frio" elevation="10" latitude="-22.852777" location="Enseada do Pinguim" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.906113" municipality="Pargos Island" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" specimenCode="DID5.29" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFAD2167FF7689D9FE92761F" box="[189,294,1782,1808]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
• 1 colony;
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87CFFAD2167FE0D89D9FDCF761F" box="[454,635,1782,1808]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCounty id="62EB4E12FFAD2167FD4089D9FCBD761F" box="[651,777,1782,1808]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Cabo Frio</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEEACE4FFAD2167FCD289D9FC0B761F" box="[793,959,1782,1808]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Pargos Island</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="8EEA6045FFAD2167FC0489D9FB78761F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C8788FFAD2160FD64894DFDE5730A:8EEA6045FFAD2167FC0489D9FB78761F" box="[975,1228,1782,1808]" country="Brazil" county="Cabo Frio" latitude="-22.852777" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-41.906113" municipality="Pargos Island" name="Enseada do Pinguim" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Rio de Janeiro">Enseada do Pinguim</location>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE015059FFAD2167FB1689DBFAC5761F" box="[1245,1393,1780,1808]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-22.852777">22°51′10″ S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE015059FFAD2167FF768837FEEC763B" box="[189,344,1816,1844]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" precision="15" value="-41.906113">41°54′22″ W</geoCoordinate>
; ~
<elevation id="0018D1ADFFAD2167FEBF8835FE04763B" box="[372,432,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="10.0">
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFAD2167FEBF8835FE04763B" box="[372,432,1818,1844]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</quantity>
</elevation>
depth;
<collectingDate id="EFCFE9B6FFAD2167FDC38835FD2D763B" box="[520,665,1818,1844]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2014-05-07">
<date id="FF8B105EFFAD2167FDC38835FD2D763B" box="[520,665,1818,1844]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" value="2014-05-07">7 May 2014</date>
</collectingDate>
;
<collectorName id="26C05348FFAD2167FD6E8835FC82763C" box="[677,822,1817,1844]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">L.F. Skinner</collectorName>
leg.;
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFAD2167FCB38835FC70763B" box="[888,964,1818,1844]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
POSC-033, slide
<collectionCode id="ED24AE5BFFAD2167FB5C8835FB57763B" box="[1175,1251,1818,1844]" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="University or college">DZUP</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="DB939EE5FFAD2167FB218836FAE1763B" box="[1258,1365,1817,1844]" collectionCode="DZUP" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="University or college">DID5.29</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFAD2160FF768874FEAD709D" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAD2167FF768874FE9B767A" blockId="18.[189,303,1883,1909]" box="[189,303,1883,1909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFAD2167FF768874FE9B767A" bold="true" box="[189,303,1883,1909]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAD2167FF768874FE9B767A" bold="true" box="[189,303,1883,1909]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAD2161FF7688A5FD1E70DA" blockId="18.[189,1399,1930,2027]" lastBlockId="20.[189,1399,267,470]" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The colony is orange
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAD2167FE0888A4FDB976AB" box="[451,525,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">in situ</emphasis>
, measuring
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFAD2167FD6A88A5FD6976AB" box="[673,733,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.0">3 cm</quantity>
in diameter and
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFAD2167FC6288A5FB9376AB" box="[937,1063,1930,1956]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 mm</quantity>
thick. The tunic is firm and gelatinous. The cloacal aperture has five lobes. The spicules are distributed in the colony surface only and are more concentrated around the oral siphon of each zooid. They are burr-like, with a large number of rays,
<quantity id="4CCD9B7BFFAB2161FEEB8E24FE027029" box="[288,438,267,294]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15 to 25 µm</quantity>
in diameter. The zooids are orange. The oral siphon is short, with six triangular lobes. The atrial aperture is wide, exposing almost all the pharynx, with 9, 9, 8, 8–7 stigmata per half row. The atrial languet is large and bifurcated. The lateral thoracic organ is circular, not protruding, located at the level of the 1
<superScript id="7C409BD6FFAB2161FE3F8E5BFE4B708D" attach="left" box="[500,511,372,386]" fontSize="6" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">st</superScript>
row of stigmata. The muscular process is shorter than the abdomen, inserted in the middle of the esophageal peduncle. The testis is divided in four follicles surrounded by four coils of the sperm duct. Larvae were not found.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A6616FFAC2166FF768849FCE976E4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239963/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1894,1920]" targetBox="[190,1397,382,1830]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAC2166FF768849FCE976E4" blockId="19.[189,1399,1894,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FF768849FEA2768F" bold="true" box="[189,278,1894,1920]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAC2166FED78849FCB4768F" authority="Oliveira &amp; Rocha" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,768,1894,1921]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="snelliusi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FED78849FD99768F" box="[284,557,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Polysyncraton snelliusi</emphasis>
Oliveira &amp; Rocha
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFAC2166FCCD8848FCEB768E" box="[774,863,1895,1921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FCAF8848FCC7768E" bold="true" box="[868,883,1895,1921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">a</emphasis>
. Preserved colony.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FB9F8848FBD0768E" bold="true" box="[1108,1124,1895,1921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">b</emphasis>
. Colony surface (arrow indicates the common cloacal aperture with lobes).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FCD088A5FC9C76AB" bold="true" box="[795,808,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">c</emphasis>
. Papillae on the colony surface.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FB6388A5FB0C76AB" bold="true" box="[1192,1208,1930,1956]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">d</emphasis>
. Spicules (large type).
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FEC08882FEAC76C8" bold="true" box="[267,280,1965,1991]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">e</emphasis>
. Abdomen with gonads, large arrow indicates the follicle (one follicle hidden) and the small arrow the sperm duct.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAC2166FE0F88FFFE7A76E5" bold="true" box="[452,462,2000,2026]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">f</emphasis>
. Larva. Scale bars: e–f = 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAB2161FF768ED2FCDF73AC" blockId="20.[189,1398,509,676]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
In the phylogenetic reconstruction (
<figureCitation id="130E2A1BFFAB2161FD9D8ED2FD2F7317" box="[598,667,509,536]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[189,232,1895,1921]" captionTargetBox="[199,1362,1311,1838]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[189,1399,1291,1852]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 5. Maximum likelihood tree of species of Polysyncraton based on analysis of 16 sequences of mitochondrial COI. Numbers on or below branches represent the support value of the bootstrap for Maximum likelihood (&gt; 70%) and posterior Bayesian probabilities (&gt; 0.97). Abbreviations of Brazilian states are explained in Table 1." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239949/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
), this species (UPDID096-17) is separate from
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAB2161FB708ED1FADB7318" baseAuthorityName="Van Name" baseAuthorityYear="1902" box="[1211,1391,509,535]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="amethysteum">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FB708ED1FADB7318" box="[1211,1391,509,535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">P. amethysteum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs by the colour of the colony, lobed cloaca and the position of the lateral thoracic organ.
<bibRefCitation id="EFA44B6FFFAB2161FEC48D6CFE027352" author="Lotufo" box="[271,438,579,605]" firstAuthor="Lotufo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" refId="ref8700" refString="Lotufo T. M. C. 2002. Ascidiacea (Chordata: Tunicata) do litoral tropical brasileiro. PhD Thesis. Instituto de Biociencias da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil." type="book" year="2002">Lotufo (2002)</bibRefCitation>
reported orange specimens from
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87CFFAB2161FC8E8D6CFC457352" box="[837,1009,579,605]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87CFFAB2161FBE78D6CFB6C7352" box="[1068,1240,579,605]" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
, but we were able to examine the sample from Angra dos Reis and concluded that Lotufo’s sample (ColBio Tun 1245) actually belongs to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAB2161FDD28DA5FCD173AB" authority="Bjerkan, 1905" authorityName="Bjerkan" authorityYear="1905" box="[537,869,649,676]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FDD28DA5FD0373AB" box="[537,695,650,676]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
Bjerkan, 1905
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF4A6616FFAB2161FF768883FEAA76E5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3239965/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" startId="20.[189,232,1964,1990]" targetBox="[189,1382,724,1910]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAB2161FF768883FEAA76E5" blockId="20.[189,1399,1964,2026]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FF768883FEA876C9" bold="true" box="[189,284,1964,1990]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Fig. 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAB2161FEEE8883FE7A76C9" authorityName="Nott" authorityYear="1892" box="[293,462,1964,1990]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FEEE8883FE7A76C9" box="[293,462,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FDC88882FDA676C8" bold="true" box="[515,530,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">a</emphasis>
. Preserved colony.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FD348882FCBB76C8" bold="true" box="[767,783,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">b</emphasis>
. Thorax.
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAB2161FC4D8882FC2776C8" bold="true" box="[902,915,1965,1991]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">c</emphasis>
. Abdomen. Scale bars: a = 1 cm; b–c = 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAA2160FF768E24FEAD709D" blockId="21.[189,1399,267,402]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
This species differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C354D1DFFAA2160FE228E23FD3B702A" authority="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha, 2019" authorityName="Oliveira &amp; Hoeksema &amp; Rocha" authorityYear="2019" box="[489,655,267,293]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cabofriense" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAA2160FE228E23FD3B702A" box="[489,655,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">P. cabofriense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27257F7FFAA2160FD5D8E23FD407029" box="[662,756,268,294]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, by the colour of the colony, the abundance, shape and position of the spicules, and in having more follicles and coils of the sperm duct. Given the single colony found and lack of larvae we prefer not to name it, although characters suggest that it is an undescribed species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C32F6515FFAA2160FF768E95FDE5730A" box="[189,593,442,517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAA2160FF768E95FEE270DB" blockId="21.[189,342,442,468]" box="[189,342,442,468]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D0C281F2FFAA2160FF768E95FEE270DB" bold="true" box="[189,342,442,468]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="3">
<emphasis id="B941EA8CFFAA2160FF768E95FEE270DB" bold="true" box="[189,342,442,468]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B8A369EFFAA2160FF768EC5FDE5730A" blockId="21.[189,593,490,517]" box="[189,593,490,517]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<collectingCountry id="F322760EFFAA2160FF768EC5FEBD730B" box="[189,265,490,516]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="49F1F87CFFAA2160FEDF8EC5FE0A730B" box="[276,446,490,516]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
(this study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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