178 lines
21 KiB
XML
178 lines
21 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="ED5765A725965C2EF01071DD77BB7839">Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 12. Passeriformes: Ploceidae, Sturnidae, Buphagidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, Callaeidae, Grallinidae, Corcoracidae, Artamidae, Cracticidae, Ptilonorhynchidae, Cnemophilidae, Paradisaeidae, And Corvidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="285F0FD5F44E135A567127FF7713463F">Lecroy, Mary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1DEB303176C903769E5813AA6838FF5C">Department of Vertebrate Zoology (Ornithology) American Museum of Natural History</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:identifier id="3E176D1978B288C50AB60911022ABBAB" type="DOI">10.1206/885.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="0398542A1971FF9C68B691CE1E4EFBE5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4630243" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180667490" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4630243" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0398542A1971FF9C68B691CE1E4EFBE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0398542A1971FF9C68B691CE1E4EFBE5" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71971FF9D68B691CE1B58FE53" box="[714,1145,447,470]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1971FF9D68B691CE1B58FE53" blockId="78.[714,1145,447,470]" box="[714,1145,447,470]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<heading id="D0C652501971FF9D68B691CE1B58FE53" box="[714,1145,447,470]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D68B691CE1B58FE53" authority="Ashby et al." authorityName="Ashby" box="[714,1145,447,470]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="versicolor" subSpecies="fusca">
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||
<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D68B691CE1B58FE53" bold="true" box="[714,1145,447,470]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D68B691CE1CC7FE50" bold="true" box="[714,998,447,470]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Strepera versicolor fusca</emphasis>
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Ashby et al.
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71971FF9D68E791E31C33FD38" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1971FF9D68E791E31C9BFDB0" blockId="78.[667,1194,493,702]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D68E791E31CFCFD86" authority="Ashby et al." authorityName="Ashby" box="[667,989,493,512]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D68E791E31C19FD86" box="[667,824,493,512]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Strepera fusca</emphasis>
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Ashby et al.
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</taxonomicName>
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, (in Anonymous) 1905a: 27 (Yorke’s Peninsula and Eyre’s Peninsula in
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<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1971FF9D697F922D1C8FFDB0" box="[771,942,547,566]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1971FF9D68E792311C33FD38" blockId="78.[667,1194,493,702]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB21C2121971FF9D68E792311C33FD38" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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Now
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D68A492311B87FDD4" ID-CoL="7L58G" authority="Sharpe, 1877" authorityName="Sharpe" authorityYear="1877" box="[728,1190,574,594]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="versicolor" subSpecies="intermedia">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D68A492311B2EFDD4" box="[728,1039,574,594]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Strepera versicolor intermedia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1971FF9D6E6592311B87FDD4" author="Sharpe" box="[1049,1190,575,594]" firstAuthor="Sharpe" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" refId="ref136412" refString="Sharpe, R. B. 1877. Catalogue of the Passeriformes or perching birds, in the collection of the British Museum - Coliomorphae, containing the families Corvidae, Paradiseidae, Oriolidae, Dicruridae, and Prionopidae. Catalogue of the birds in the British Museum, vol. 3. London: Trustees of the British Museumpp, xiii + 343 pp, 14 pls." type="book" year="1877">Sharpe, 1877</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. See Amadon, 1951: 31; 1962b: 172;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1971FF9D6E5F92541C8DFD0E" author="Schodde, R. & I. J. Mason" page="557" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" year="1999">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1971FF9D6E5F92541C8DFD0E" author="Schodde and Mason" firstAuthor="Schodde" page="557 - 560" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" refId="ref136218" refString="Schodde, R., and I. J. Mason. 1999. The directory of Australian birds. Passerines. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing, 851 pp." type="book" year="1999">Schodde and Mason, 1999: 557–560</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1971FF9D69C7927B1C6EFD25" author="Blaylock, B. J. & P. Horton" page="288" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" year="2006">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1971FF9D69C7927B1C6EFD25" author="Blaylock and Horton" firstAuthor="Blaylock" page="288 - 290" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" pagination="288 - 290" refId="ref120208" refString="Blaylock, B. J., and P. Horton. 2006. Authorship and typification of Strepera fusca. South Australian Ornithologist 34: 288 - 290." type="journal article" year="2006">Blaylock and Horton, 2006: 288–290</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; and
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<treatmentCitation id="0A90C32D1971FF9D69F1929E1C2EFD38" author="Russell, E. M. & I. C. R. Rowley" page="341" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1971FF9D69F1929E1C2EFD38" author="Russell and Rowley" firstAuthor="Russell" page="341 - 342" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" pagination="308 - 342" refId="ref135826" refString="Russell, E. M., and I. C. R. Rowley. 2009. Family Cracticidae (butcherbirds). In J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott and D. A. Christie (editors). Handbook of the birds of the world. Vol. 14, Bush-shrikes to Old World sparrows: 308 - 342. Barcelona: Lynx Editions, 893 pp, 51 pls., photographs." type="book chapter" year="2009">Russell and Rowley, 2009: 341–342</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71971FF9D68C492DB1B5DFC04" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1971FF9D68C492DB1B5DFC04" blockId="78.[667,1194,725,1759]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1971FF9D68C492DB1C02FD6D" box="[696,803,725,749]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" type="syntype">SYNTYPE</typeStatus>
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:
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D694B92D91CCEFD6A" bold="true" box="[823,1007,727,748]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">AMNH 673738</emphasis>
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, sex?, collected at Edithburgh,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB1971FF9D692592FB1C88FC8D" box="[857,937,757,779]" degrees="35.05" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" precision="555" value="-35.05">35.05S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE0583FB1971FF9D69C692FB1B39FC8C" box="[954,1048,757,778]" degrees="137.44" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" precision="555" value="137.44">137.44E</geoCoordinate>
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(Times Atlas), Yorke Peninsula,
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<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1971FF9D69DB931D1B45FCAF" box="[935,1124,787,809]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F326A5AC1971FF9D6E0D931D1DFAFCC0" name="Australia" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Australia</collectingCountry>
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, in
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<date id="FF8FC3FC1971FF9D696B933E1CE1FCC0" box="[791,960,816,838]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" value="1886-10">October 1886</date>
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, by Edwin Ashby (no. 91). From the Mathews Collection (no. 3740) via the Rothschild Collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32BB6B71971FF9C68C493861E4EFBE5" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1971FF9C68C493861EFCFD94" blockId="78.[667,1194,725,1759]" lastBlockId="79.[128,654,213,1124]" lastPageId="79" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">
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COMMENTS: The unbelievably complicated details of the description of
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D6E6D93A61B6DFC3B" box="[1041,1100,936,957]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D6E6D93A61B6DFC3B" box="[1041,1100,936,957]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which arises from uncertainty over when the name was introduced and by whom, have been carefully worked out by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1971FF9D69BB940F1C37FBB2" author="Blaylock and Horton" firstAuthor="Blaylock" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" pagination="288 - 290" refId="ref120208" refString="Blaylock, B. J., and P. Horton. 2006. Authorship and typification of Strepera fusca. South Australian Ornithologist 34: 288 - 290." type="journal article" year="2006">Blaylock and Horton (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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, and their conclusions, with which I concur, are summarized here. They found that the name was introduced at a meeting of the South Australian Ornithological Association on
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<date id="FF8FC3FC1971FF9D696D949B1C94FB2D" box="[785,949,1173,1195]" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" value="1905-05-12">12 May 1905</date>
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and availably published in the minutes of that meeting. There it was said that ‘‘birds from Yorke’s Peninsula and Eyre’s Peninsula in
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<collectingRegion id="49F52BDE1971FF9D69CF94E01B4DFA82" box="[947,1132,1262,1284]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">South Australia</collectingRegion>
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were found to be of a darker brown, with a very great amount of white on the wing, and it was considered that these birds were not
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D68E7956B1CB2FAFD" authorityName="Gould" authorityYear="1846" box="[667,915,1380,1403]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melanoptera">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D68E7956B1CB2FAFD" box="[667,915,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Strepera melanoptera</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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nor yet
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D6980956B1DE3FA1F" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="plumbea">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D6980956B1DE3FA1F" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Strepera plumbea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and it was suggested to designate them
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1971FF9D68E795AF1C65FA33" box="[667,836,1440,1462]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1971FF9D68E795AF1C65FA33" box="[667,836,1440,1462]" italics="true" pageId="78" pageNumber="78">Strepera fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.’’ By referring to those minutes, Blaylock and Horton determined that there were seven members present and that all seven must be considered the authors of the name; in alphabetical order they are: E. Ashby, J.W. Mellor, A.M. Morgan, F.E. Storr, M. Symonds Clark, A.H.C. Zietz, and F.R. Zeitz.
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1971FF9D695C967E1B3EF900" author="Mathews" box="[800,1055,1648,1670]" firstAuthor="Mathews" page="445" pageId="78" pageNumber="78" pagination="171 - 446" refId="ref129241" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1912 a. A reference-list to the birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171 - 446." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Mathews (1912a: 445)</bibRefCitation>
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was correct in citing the description as stemming from the minutes of the meeting, but not in citing Ashby as the only author. Ashby’s was the only specimen of the original series that came to the Mathews Collection, and Ashby had written ‘‘suggested name
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C6BD3911E1D77FEA3" box="[431,598,272,293]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C6BD3911E1D77FEA3" box="[431,598,272,293]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Strepera fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’’ on his label. As pointed out by Blaylock and Horton, all the specimens examined at the 1905 meeting are
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<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1970FF9C6B2E91671E94FEF8" box="[338,437,361,382]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C6B9C91671D3AFEF8" box="[480,539,361,382]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C6B9C91671D3AFEF8" box="[480,539,361,382]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but they were able to locate only the above specimen and a second
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<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1970FF9C6B5491AA1EA5FE3F" box="[296,388,420,441]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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, SAMA B54309 (S.A. White Collection), male, collected at ‘‘Kapinka,’’ Stokes, Eyre Peninsula, by S.A. and H.M. White,
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<date id="FF8FC3FC1970FF9C6B5C91F31EF9FD94" box="[288,472,509,531]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" value="1899-10-04">4 October 1899</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1970FF9C6AE192151EA6FC49" blockId="79.[128,654,213,1124]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C6AE192151EBCFDB7" author="Mathews" box="[157,413,539,561]" firstAuthor="Mathews" page="445" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="171 - 446" refId="ref129241" refString="Mathews, G. M. 1912 a. A reference-list to the birds of Australia. Novitates Zoologicae 18: 171 - 446." type="journal article" year="1912" yearSuffix="a">Mathews (1912a: 445)</bibRefCitation>
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further confused the matter by not including Yorke Peninsula in the range of
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<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C6B6392581E7BFDED" box="[287,346,598,619]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
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<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C6B6392581E7BFDED" box="[287,346,598,619]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">fusca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, even though he had the Ashby specimen at that time, and by indicating on his
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1970FF9C6B2D929C1EA2FD21" box="[337,387,658,679]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
label that Mellor was the author.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C6B7092A11D22FD43" author="Mellor" box="[268,515,687,709]" firstAuthor="Mellor" page="34 - 35" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="34 - 35" refId="ref131404" refString="Mellor, J. W. 1910. Description of a new crowshrike. Emu 10 (1): 34 - 35." type="journal article" year="1910">Mellor (1910: 34–35)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had indeed introduced the same name in 1910, apparently thinking that it had not been validly described earlier, but with partly different
|
||
<typeStatus id="548A5B9E1970FF9C6AFC93281F93FCBD" box="[128,178,806,827]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens. As shown by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA098CD1970FF9C6B8C932B1E51FCDF" author="Blaylock and Horton" firstAuthor="Blaylock" page="288" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" pagination="288 - 290" refId="ref120208" refString="Blaylock, B. J., and P. Horton. 2006. Authorship and typification of Strepera fusca. South Australian Ornithologist 34: 288 - 290." type="journal article" year="2006">Blaylock and Horton (2006: 288)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this name is a junior subjective synonym and a junior primary homonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C6B6193701D74FC12" authority="Ashby et al." authorityName="Ashby" box="[285,597,894,916]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C6B6193701EE0FC15" box="[285,449,894,915]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">Strepera fusca</emphasis>
|
||
Ashby et al.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and is permanently invalid (ICZN 1999: 65, 59, Arts. 61.3.1 and 57.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8EE53C1970FF9C6AE193D61E4EFBE5" blockId="79.[128,654,213,1124]" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">
|
||
There are no additional specimens from Yorke Peninsula in AMNH, and Eyre Peninsula specimens (in AMNH via Mathews) were collected in 1911, after the publication of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C319EBF1970FF9C6B5294401E48FBE5" box="[302,361,1102,1123]" class="Aves" family="Cracticidae" genus="Strepera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="79" pageNumber="79" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B945392E1970FF9C6B5294401E48FBE5" box="[302,361,1102,1123]" italics="true" pageId="79" pageNumber="79">fusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |