157 lines
18 KiB
XML
157 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4331929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166139832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4331929" ID-ZooBank="670E7C5B-7889-478D-AD7B-0FCBE1AECDD8" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_matCits="1" checkinTime="1596905913637" checkinUser="torsten" docAuthor="Dikow, Torsten & Bayless, Keith M." docDate="2009" docId="0383F52FFF99AD7A4102FE1DFE6B481F" docLanguage="en" docName="dikow_bayless_2009_colour.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insect Systematics & Evolution 40" docStyle="DocumentStyle{}" docTitle="Schildia alphus Martin 1975" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="266" masterDocId="FFBA8D57FF95AD77417BFFB5FFBD4C2C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species" masterLastPageNumber="289" masterPageNumber="253" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" updateTime="1643568320926" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the genus Schildia Aldrich, 1923 (Diptera: Asilidae: Leptogastrinae) with the description of new extant and extinct species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dikow, Torsten</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="LSID">F8869067-4618-4CCE-960C-E8A107F162FB</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4816-2909</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bayless, Keith M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Insect Systematics & Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2009-01-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>40</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>253</mods:start>
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<mods:end>289</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1163/187631209X458358</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3975246</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">670E7C5B-7889-478D-AD7B-0FCBE1AECDD8</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4331929" ID-GBIF-Taxon="166139832" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4331929" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF99AD7A4102FE1DFE6B481F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0383F52FFF99AD7A4102FE1DFE6B481F" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">
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<subSubSection box="[121,825,424,451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[121,825,424,451]" box="[121,825,424,451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[121,825,424,451]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">
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<taxonomicName authority="Martin, 1975" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1975" box="[121,471,424,451]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alphus">
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Schildia alphus
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<bibRefCitation author="Martin, C. H." box="[311,471,425,451]" firstAuthor="Martin" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" pagination="189 - 193" part="77" refId="ref21707" refString="Martin, C. H. (1975) Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 77: 189 - 193." title="Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae)" type="journal article" year="1975">Martin, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<figureCitation box="[487,568,425,451]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[121,152,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[160,1048,146,1039]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[160,1048,146,1039]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 38. Map of the Neotropical region with biodiversity hotspots and wilderness areas, shaded in grey, showing distribution of Schildia alphus (square), S. caliginosa sp.n. (star), S. fragilis (circle) and S. gracillima (triangle). Open symbols, type localities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983047/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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) (
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<treatmentCitation author="Martin" box="[592,816,425,451]" page="190" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation author="Martin, C. H." box="[592,816,425,451]" firstAuthor="Martin" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" pagination="189 - 193" part="77" refId="ref21707" refString="Martin, C. H. (1975) Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 77: 189 - 193." title="Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae)" type="journal article" year="1975">Martin, 1975: 190</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="265" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[121,1089,477,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the minute metathoracic empodia (never more than 1/4 as long as median claw), the anteriorly apruinose meron+metanepisternum, and the brown postocular setae.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="12.[121,1089,477,1648]" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">Redescription. Head: Face grey pruinose, wide, wider than adjacent ommatidium; mystax light yellow, 2 setae; vertex wide, wider than face at clypeal–facial margin, grey pruinose; occipital triangle apruinose, distance between triangle and median eye margin more than adjacent ommatidium; occiput along eye margin grey pruinose, medially brown pruinose, median dorso-ventral stripe silver pruinose, ventro-laterally apruinose; postocular setae brown; proboscis brown; Antennae: scape and pedicel light yellow, light yellow setae dorsally and ventrally; postpedicel proximally light yellow, brown distally, silver pruinose, about 2 times as long as combined length of scape and pedicel; stylus brown, about 1/2 as long as postpedicel, composed of 1 element.</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="12.[121,1089,477,1648]" lastBlockId="13.[121,1089,147,1075]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="266" pageId="12" pageNumber="265">
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Th orax: Predominantly brown, parts silver and brown pruinose; antepronotum, postpronotum, and median postpronotal lobes silver pruinose; lateral postpronotal lobes apruinose, light yellow; scutum brown, predominantly apruinose, lateral and posterior margins silver pruinose; presutural dc setae: 2 short, 1 long, postsutural dc setae: 2 anteriorly oriented setae as long as short presutural dc setae, 5–6 short acr setae, 1 npl and 1 spa seta; anepisternum predominantly silver pruinose with brown pruinosity posteriorly, few yellow anepisternal setae on anterior and dorsal margins; anepimeron brown pruinose, proepimeron silver pruinose, katepisternum anteriorly silver and posteriorly brown pruinose, meron+metanepisternum anteriorly apruinose, silver pruinose posteriorly, metkatepisternum yellow, silver pruinose; scutellum brown, brown pruinose, few short apical scutellar setae; Legs: light yellow to brown; coxae and trochanters light yellow; pro and mes femora light yellow with 2 transverse light brown bands, met femur mostly light brown, clubbed in distal 2/5, club brown, yellow transverse band at proximal margin of club, scattered brown setae on pro and mes femora, met femur with distinct rows of brown macrosetae; pro and mes tibiae light yellow with 2 light brown transverse bands, met tibia brown with median yellow transverse band, slightly wider than width of tibia, all tibiae with brown erect macrosetae in rows, pro and mes tibiae with 3 long apical macrosetae, met tibia with 1 median and 2 apical macrosetae; tarsus light yellow to brown, proximal tarsomere always longer than 2following tarsomeres combined, short and long macrosetae on all tarsomeres; all empodia minute; median claw more than half as long as lateral claw; Wings: length =
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.525" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="12" pageNumber="265" unit="mm" value="3.525" valueMax="3.65" valueMin="3.4">3.40–3.65 mm</quantity>
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; microtrichia scattered on wing, trichoid spicules short, symmetrical dorsally and ventrally, 16–24 on M1 between r-m and diversion of M1 and M2; cell d large, terminating in M2 and M3, r-m situated proximal to separation of M3 and CuA1; R1 reaching C well proximal to R5 and M1 joining C, R2+3 straight proximally and smoothly arching posteriad distally; halter light yellow, knob dark brown, length =
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<quantity box="[850,958,251,278]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="0.75">0.75 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1089,147,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">
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Abdomen: Brown, T3-6 yellow anteriorly; T2 length =
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<quantity box="[801,897,286,313]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" unit="mm" value="2.3">2.3 mm</quantity>
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, T2 with yellow transverse band medially, T2–3 with short, erect, evenly spaced macrosetae, remaining T with irregularly spaced and longer macrosetae, T7–8 with lateral sensory areas; Male terminalia: ♂ unknown; Female genitalia: spermathecae occupying only segment 8, individual spermathecal ducts long and coiled; spermathecal reservoirs not sclerotized, as wide as individual ducts, forming a coil.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="266" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1089,147,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516338" collectingDate="1939-08" collectionCode="MZSP" collectorName="O. C. Alves" country="Brazil" location="Sit. B. Vista Cascavel" municipality="Sit. B. Vista Cascavel" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus box="[150,199,495,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">Type</typeStatus>
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material. The
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<specimenCount box="[376,398,494,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus box="[410,509,494,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">holotype</typeStatus>
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is labeled “
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF99AD7A4102FE1DFE6B481F:8EF512E2FF98AD7A43F7FE5BFC344E24" box="[652,905,494,521]" country="Brazil" municipality="Sit. B. Vista Cascavel" name="Sit. B. Vista Cascavel" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Ceara">Sit. B. Vista Cascavel</location>
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<collectingRegion box="[916,985,494,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">Ceará</collectingRegion>
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,
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<date box="[1000,1088,494,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" value="1939-08">
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<collectingDate box="[1000,1088,494,520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" value="1939-08">VIII-39</collectingDate>
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</date>
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(handwritten) /
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<collectorName box="[309,437,529,555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">O.C. Alves</collectorName>
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Coll. (handwritten) /
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<specimenCount box="[703,725,529,555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">♀</specimenCount>
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/
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<typeStatus box="[755,910,529,555]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName authority="Chas. H. Martin" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1975" box="[920,1089,529,555]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alphus">Schildia alphus</taxonomicName>
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Chas. H. Martin (species name handwritten, red label)” (
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<collectionCode box="[796,878,564,590]" collectionName="Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">MZSP</collectionCode>
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). The specimen is double mounted (minuten glued into block of cork) and is in good condition.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2825516340" collectingDate="XII- 940" collectionCode="FSCA" collectorName="Shannon & Alves" country="Brazil" location="Cascavel" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Ceara" typeStatus="paratype">
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The
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<specimenCount box="[1066,1088,598,624]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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<typeStatus box="[121,218,633,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">paratype</typeStatus>
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is labeled “
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<collectingRegion box="[343,410,633,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">Ceará</collectingRegion>
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0383F52FFF99AD7A4102FE1DFE6B481F:8EF512E2FF98AD7A40DAFDCCFDBF4EBF" box="[417,514,633,659]" country="Brazil" name="Cascavel" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" stateProvince="Ceara">Cascavel</location>
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<collectorName box="[520,621,633,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">Shannon</collectorName>
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+
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<collectorName box="[648,707,633,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">Alves</collectorName>
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<collectingDate box="[714,806,633,659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">XII-940</collectingDate>
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(handwritten, black bor- der) /
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<specimenCount box="[195,217,668,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">♀</specimenCount>
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/
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<typeStatus box="[246,384,668,694]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">PARATYPE</typeStatus>
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<taxonomicName authority="Chas. H. Martin" authorityName="Martin" authorityYear="1975" box="[394,562,668,694]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Schildia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alphus">Schildia alphus</taxonomicName>
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Chas. H. Martin (species name handwritten, yellow label) / Charles H. Martin donation to F.S.C.A.” (
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<collectionCode box="[757,833,702,728]" collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">FSCA</collectionCode>
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). The specimen is double mounted (minuten fixed to pin) and is in fair condition (left wing and metathoracic leg broken, abdomen glued to pin)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[150,478,806,833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" type="distribution">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1089,147,1075]" box="[150,478,806,833]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">
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Distribution. Brazil (
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<figureCitation box="[380,465,806,832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[121,152,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[160,1048,146,1039]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[160,1048,146,1039]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 38. Map of the Neotropical region with biodiversity hotspots and wilderness areas, shaded in grey, showing distribution of Schildia alphus (square), S. caliginosa sp.n. (star), S. fragilis (circle) and S. gracillima (triangle). Open symbols, type localities." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983047/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="266" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="13.[121,1089,147,1075]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">
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Remarks. Initially the holotype could not be found in the
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<collectionCode box="[803,879,841,867]" collectionName="Brazil, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">MZSP</collectionCode>
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collection as indicated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Martin, C. H." box="[224,393,875,902]" firstAuthor="Martin" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" pagination="189 - 193" part="77" refId="ref21707" refString="Martin, C. H. (1975) Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 77: 189 - 193." title="Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae)" type="journal article" year="1975">Martin (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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, but was recovered in the
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<collectionCode box="[692,761,876,902]" collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">FSCA</collectionCode>
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among other
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schiner" authorityYear="1862" box="[923,1089,876,902]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Leptogastrinae">Leptogastrinae</taxonomicName>
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type specimens. The
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<collectionCode box="[361,430,910,936]" collectionName="USA, Florida, Gainesville, Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection of Arthropods" pageId="13" pageNumber="266">FSCA</collectionCode>
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purchased Charles H. Martin’s private collection after he passed away. The holotype was not collected in
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<date box="[672,857,945,971]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" value="1940-12">December 1940</date>
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as stated by
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<bibRefCitation author="Martin, C. H." firstAuthor="Martin" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" pagination="189 - 193" part="77" refId="ref21707" refString="Martin, C. H. (1975) Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 77: 189 - 193." title="Review of the genus Schildia Aldrich (Diptera: Leptogastridae)" type="journal article" year="1975">Martin (1975)</bibRefCitation>
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in his original description, but in
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<date box="[581,726,980,1006]" pageId="13" pageNumber="266" value="1939-08">August 1939</date>
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as clearly indicated on the label. This is the only Neotropical species found in xeric shrub lands and not in tropical or subtropical broad leafed forest.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |