243 lines
20 KiB
XML
243 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.49.9003" ID-PMC="PMC4432233" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-49-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF802B61FFBB3565FF8C33265003FF97" ID-PubMed="25987885" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576302" ModsDocID="1314-2003-49-59" checkinTime="1451251537290" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Snow, Neil, Callmander, Martin & Phillipson, Peter B." docDate="2015" docId="E8F0EF18CCB2D8B3B83A48B77AA59AE0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 49: 59-121" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 49" docPubDate="2015-04-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.49.9003" docTitle="Eugenia echinulata N. Snow 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="FF802B61FFBB3565FF8C33265003FF97" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FF802B61FFBB3565FF8C33265003FF97" masterDocTitle="Studies of Malagasy Eugenia - IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1668141357631" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Studies of Malagasy Eugenia - IV: Seventeen new endemic species, a new combination, and three lectotypifications; with comments on distribution, ecological and evolutionary patterns</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Snow, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>T. M. Sperry Herbarium, Department of Biology, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S. Broadway, Pittsburg, KS 66762 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nsnow@pittstate.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Callmander, Martin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 - 0299, USA & Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Geneve, case postale 60, 1292 Chambesy, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Phillipson, Peter B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166 - 0299, USA & Institut de systematique, evolution, et biodiversite (ISYEB), Unite mixte de recherche 7205, Centre national de la recherche scientifique / Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle / Ecole pratique des hautes etudes, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universites, CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, F- 75231 Paris cedex 05, France</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-04-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>49</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>121</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.49.9003</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.49.9003</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-49-59</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF802B61FFBB3565FF8C33265003FF97</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576302</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8F0EF18CCB2D8B3B83A48B77AA59AE0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8F0EF18CCB2D8B3B83A48B77AA59AE0" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="65">
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<taxonomicName LSID="E8F0EF18-CCB2-D8B3-B83A-48B77AA59AE0" authority="N. Snow" authorityName="N. Snow" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia echinulata" order="Myrtales" pageId="6" pageNumber="65" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinulata" status="sp. nov.">Eugenia echinulata N. Snow</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="6" pageNumber="65">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Holotype specimen of Eugenia echinulata (MO)." pageId="6" pageNumber="65">holotype (Figure 9): http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100314922; living material: http://www.tropicos.org/Image/100306108</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="latin">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="66" start="start">Haec</pageBreakToken>
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species inter congeneros madagascarienses fructibus maturis valde echinulatis distinguitur.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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Madagascar. Prov. Toamasina: zone
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’occupation">d'occupation</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="controlée">controlee</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antenina">d'Antenina</normalizedToken>
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, sur piste entre Antenina et Ankosy,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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2 km du village
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antenina">d'Antenina</normalizedToken>
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, 17°30'00
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<normalizedToken originalValue="’’">''</normalizedToken>
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-17°29'47"S, 48°46'19"E-48°45'35"E, 917 m, 1 Feb. 2002, L.M. Randrianjanaka 702 + N.M. Andrianjafy (holotype: MO-5786207!; isotypes: P, TAN).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
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Shrubs or trees 1.5-4 m tall; dbh 4-5 cm; bark of main bole brown, somewhat cracking. Foliage and flowers glabrous except as noted. Branchlets terete to laterally compressed, drying light brown to gray, smooth, oil glands occasional but barely visible. Leaves slightly discolorous, more or less evenly distributed, margins coarsely sinuous, venation brochidodromous, surfaces matte. Axillary colleters absent. Petioles 4-6 mm long, slightly suclate, eglandular. Leaf blades (3.0-)3.8-6.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(1.0-)1.6-3.5 cm, narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate to elliptic, base cuneate, apex acute to acuminate; adaxial midvein sulcate proximally but becoming flush distally, oil glands dense but faint, sometimes protruding slightly on dried material; abaxial surface midvein prominently raised, oil glands common to dense and of uniform size but faint, sometimes slightly protruding (dried material). Inflorescence ramiflorous or axillary. Flowers solitary or clustered into short brachyblasts; brachyblasts 2-5 mm long, densely short-bracteolate, sparsely covered with twisted,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="67" start="start">whitish-maroon</pageBreakToken>
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trichomes. Pedicles 5-7.5 mm, glabrous. Flower material scant. Hypanthium ca. 3 mm, coarsely large-pustullate (warty), light green or yellowish-green in bud. Calyx lobes 4 (rose-colored in bud), 3-4 mm, elliptic to broadly ovate or rounded, glabrous, mostly persisting and crowning fruit. Petals not seen; said to be pink (Antilahimena 8858). Stamens not seen; anthers said to be yellow with white filaments (Ahtilahimena 8858). Style not seen. Berry 1.3-1.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0-1.5 cm, globose to subglobose, coarsely rugose-warty when fresh but drying echinulate (with with short sharp points), densely glandular when younger, green when immature, drying nearly black. Seeds in mature fruit 1; ca. 10-11 mm, globular, outer seed coat elgandular.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="67" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Figure 9.</emphasis>
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Holotype specimen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Snow" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia echinulata" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Eugenia echinulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(MO).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
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The specific epithet comes from the Latin
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">echinulatus</emphasis>
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(having very small prickles) in reference to the prickly, dried, mature fruits that are unique for the genus in Madagascar.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="vernacular name">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Vernacular name.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Rotra (Antilahimena 6841).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Flowering December; fruiting January and February.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
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Known from the eastern escarpment of Madagascar in the Toamasina Province around Analamazaotra and Ambatovy and in the highlands at Anjozorobe in Antananarivo Province (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution of new Eugenia species in Madagascar with selected Protected Areas (hatched): Eugenia andapae (stars), Eugenia calciscopulorum (cross), Eugenia echinulata (circles), and Eugenia manomboensis (square)." pageId="8" pageNumber="67">7</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="habitat and ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Habitat and ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Dense humid evergreen forests; ca. 915-1350 m.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
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One collection indicated the species as being abundant in its area of collection (Randrianaivo 1463 et al.). However, with an EOO of 4,372 km2, an AOO of 72 km2 and three subpopulations, two of which are situated within the protected area network (Analamazaotra, Zahamena),
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Snow" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia echinulata" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Eugenia echinulata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is assigned a preliminary risk of extinction of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Vulnerable”">"Vulnerable"</normalizedToken>
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[VU B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii)] following the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge" pageId="34" pageNumber="93" refId="B13" refString="IUCN, 2012. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1. IUCN Species Survival Commission, Gland & Cambridge" title="IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: version 3.1" year="2012">IUCN 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
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MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antananarivo: Reg. Analamanga, Anjozorobe, Ambongamarina, Ampamoa,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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10 km au Nord-Est
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Anjozorobe">d'Anjozorobe</normalizedToken>
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, prolongement N de la
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<normalizedToken originalValue="fôret">foret</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Antsahabe">d'Antsahabe</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="-18.38861">18°23'19"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="47" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="47.93028">47°55'49"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1352 m, 15 Feb. 2007, R. Randrianaivo 1463 + L. Vary,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="François">Francois</normalizedToken>
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, Jacques & Rakoto (MO-6440448). Prov. Toamasina: Alaotra-Mangoro, Fkt: Menalamba, Ambatovy, 1168 m,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="11" value="-18.83639">18°50'11"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="48.31222">48°18'44"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 22 Jan. 2007, P. Antilahimena 5170 et al. (MO-5786207, KSP [KSP000006], P [P00730617]);
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="68" start="start">ibid</pageBreakToken>
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. loc.
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</emphasis>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-18.873611">18°52'25"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="44" value="48.345554">48°20'44"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 979 m, 4 Oct. 2008, P. Antilahimena 6566 et al. (MO, P, TAN);
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">ibid. loc</emphasis>
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.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="-18.874445">18°52'28"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="48.29361">48°17'37"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1010 m, 10 Nov. 2008, P. Antilahimena 6841 + M. Ratolojanahary, B.A. Ratodimanana, M. Randrianarivony, M. Ratovomanana & F. Edmond (MO, P, TAN);
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">ibid. loc</emphasis>
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.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-18.875">18°52'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="35" value="48.293056">48°17'35"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 970 m, 10 Nov. 2008, P. Antilahimena et al. 6854 (MO, P, TAN);
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">ibid. loc</emphasis>
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.,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="-18.922777">18°55'22"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="39" value="48.4275">48°25'39"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1013 m, 21 Dec. 2013, Antilahimena 8858 + Rabarison,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Honoré">Honore</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Félix">Felix</normalizedToken>
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, Randrimitantsoa Jean & V. Razafindrahaja (MO, P, TAN); Phelps Dodge project site, ca. 15 air-km NE of Moramanga, ca. 11 km E of Antanambao. Ambatovy, SE valley (Ambohimanga),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="-18.859446">18°51'34"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="48.306942">48°18'25"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1050 m, P.J. Rakotomalaza 1208a (MO, P [P00730620]); Analamazaotra, Ambatovy,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-18.93611">18°56'10"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="33" value="48.425835">48°25'33"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 11 Dec. 2013, Ramahenina 276 et al. (MO); Ambatovy,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
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de Savihara,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="52" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="06" value="-18.868334">18°52'06"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="43" value="48.27861">48°16'43"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 22 Feb. 2010, D. Razafimelison 10 et al. (P [P00730618]); Alaotra-Mangoro, Moramanga, Andasibe,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spécial">Special</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Analamazaotra">d'Analamazaotra</normalizedToken>
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, Circuit Indri 1,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="20" value="-18.938889">18°56'20"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48" direction="east" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="09" value="48.419167">48°25'09"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 947 m, 14 Dec. 2013, H.M.J. Rasoazanany 541 + H. Razafindraibe, B. Ramandimbisoa & Rakotondravelo (MO, P, TAN).
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
|
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<taxonomicName authorityName="N. Snow" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia echinulata" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="echinulata">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Eugenia echinulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is unknown in flower apart from one remnant hypanthium on the holotype. However, the coarsely sinuate leaf blades and acuminate apices, coupled with the warty mature fruits, are diagnostic and unknown in combination elsewhere among Malagasy congeners. Whereas
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<taxonomicName authorityName="H. Perrier" authorityYear="1953" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eugenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eugenia muscicola" order="Myrtales" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muscicola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Eugenia muscicola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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H. Perrier has narrowly elliptic leaves, its leaf margins are more or less planar. A number of similar sterile collections from this area may be this taxon.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">The texture of the fruit is coarsely rugulose-warty (see link above to image of living material), but the warty protrusions collapse to a large extent and upon drying and then assume a sharper, echinulate texture.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |