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<document id="B418FA16E70E863E888F0ABD3FDE95F5" ID-CLB-Dataset="6363" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16a1742e-cafe-4c2e-a8c3-2e1b3b57d456" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4775440" ID-ZooBank="0CCA430E-5601-42CB-847F-87B22BFD3112" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1621509898047" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schools, Molly &amp; Hedges, S. Blair" docDate="2021" docId="DA66BA10FFF9FFDE0DF10A4F05D8D385" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4974.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4974 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Mesoamericus Schools &amp; Hedges 2021, gen. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="240" masterDocId="265FC268FFDEFFF90D6608570654D778" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae)" masterLastPageNumber="257" masterPageNumber="201" pageNumber="240" updateTime="1698940127518" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="38BB0AC21DDAC34BB33B88398B8BDF2E">Phylogenetics, classification, and biogeography of the Neotropical forest lizards (Squamata, Diploglossidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="18434D93969CBADEF010E00723EACC13" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="361C08B02B704FB1220D1F88574F8AB7">Schools, Molly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="12E63686832A088641901702FBE68E9D" type="email">molly.schools@temple.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="CAA61D14052654544592A682FFC8FE2D">Hedges, S. Blair</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D6EB549A838F2061210C9B45C99A8BF3">sbh @ temple. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 0652 - 2411</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="737129D0DFE2F1BFBF5370D566E3E6C6" type="email">sbh@temple.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="9B46C2364AD0820853E0900FDF3F66F2">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="4AB7EBF6D1CF57AED60FB1FC71FF7B3C">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4571B673E0673FF593427A68E2CD2C5A">2021-05-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A6320FAD8F1FB610B54CD7A652D6BA39" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C01D820FB919FD26566ACE9C88DFF8C9">4974</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="5BE493A7E621FA6330A20CEBD3ACFF71">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F2F3D78F1B29CB53882ED79A7E48067D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4974.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="DA66BA10FFF9FFDE0DF10A4F05D8D385" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4891088" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182482690" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4891088" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DA66BA10FFF9FFDE0DF10A4F05D8D385" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DA66BA10FFF9FFDE0DF10A4F05D8D385" lastPageNumber="240" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DF10A4F0451D52E" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DF10A4F0440D54A" blockId="39.[151,532,536,634]" box="[151,532,536,562]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<heading id="0938BC6AFFF9FFDE0DF10A4F0440D54A" bold="true" box="[151,532,536,562]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" reason="1">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DF10A4F0440D54A" bold="true" box="[151,532,536,562]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0D880A4F07CAD54A" authority="Schools &amp; Hedges, 2021" authorityName="Schools &amp; Hedges" authorityYear="2021" box="[238,414,536,562]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0D880A4F07CAD54A" bold="true" box="[238,414,536,562]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Mesoamericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B886A6FFFF9FFDE0CC00A4F0440D54A" box="[422,532,536,562]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DF10A6B0451D52E" blockId="39.[151,532,536,634]" box="[151,517,572,599]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Central American Forest Lizards</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DF10A3706B3D502" box="[151,231,608,634]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="description">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DF10A3706B3D502" blockId="39.[151,532,536,634]" box="[151,231,608,634]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<figureCitation id="CAF41783FFF9FFDE0DF10A3706B3D502" box="[151,231,608,634]" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-26@40.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 27. (A) In life image of Mesoamericus bilobatus (MHCH 2310, Cerro Mariposa, near Alto de Piedra, Veraguas, Panama). Photograph by Sebastian Lotzkat. (B) The distribution of Mesoamericus gen. nov. in Middle America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775518/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DF10AF4056FD5C5" box="[151,827,674,701]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DF10AF4056FD5C5" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" box="[151,827,674,701]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DF10AF40766D5C4" bold="true" box="[151,306,674,701]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<typeStatus id="8D74B5A4FFF9FFDE0DF10AF40686D5C5" box="[151,210,675,701]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Type</typeStatus>
species.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0C5F0AF4056CD5C5" authority="O'Shaughnessy, 1874: 257" authorityName="O'Shaughnessy" authorityPageNumber="257" authorityYear="1874" box="[313,824,674,701]" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Celestus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0C5F0AF40453D5C5" box="[313,519,675,701]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Celestus bilobatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="365E76F7FFF9FFDE0F680AF4056CD5C5" author="O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E." box="[526,824,674,701]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" pagination="298 - 301" refId="ref24259" refString="O'Shaughnessy, A. W. E. (1874) A description of a new species of Scincidae in the collection of the British Museum. Annals &amp; Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 13 (76), 298 - 301. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937408680864" type="journal article" year="1874">O’Shaughnessy, 1874:257</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DA10A910505D379" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DA10A910695D4ED" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DA10A910716D598" bold="true" box="[199,322,710,736]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Species of
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0CA70A900430D598" authority="Schools &amp; Hedges, 2021" authorityName="Schools &amp; Hedges" authorityYear="2021" box="[449,612,711,736]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0CA70A900430D598" box="[449,612,711,736]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Mesoamericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0F0D0A900487D599" bold="true" box="[619,723,711,737]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B886A6FFFF9FFDE0F0D0A900487D599" box="[619,723,711,737]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
have (1) claw sheath, present, (2) contact between the nasal and rostral scales, present, (3) scales in contact with the nasal scale, six, (4) postnasal scales, two, (5) position of the nostril in the nasal scale, posterior, (6) keels on dorsal body scales, absent, (7) digits per limb, five, (8) longest toe lamellae, 11–18, (9) dorsal scale rows, n/a (10) relative head width, 12.0–14.0, (11) relative rostral height, 65.0– 67.0, (12) relative frontonasal length, n/a, (13) relative interparietal distance, n/a, (14) relative axilla-groin distance, n/a.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DA10BC80595D4A6" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
From
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0C680BC807EDD4C1" box="[270,441,927,953]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0C680BC807E1D4C1" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[270,437,927,953]" class="Squamata" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Siderolamprus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Siderolamprus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
we distinguish
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0F120BC80543D4C0" authority="Schools &amp; Hedges, 2021" authorityName="Schools &amp; Hedges" authorityYear="2021" box="[628,791,927,952]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0F120BC80543D4C0" box="[628,791,927,952]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Mesoamericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0E440BC805DBD4C1" bold="true" box="[802,911,927,953]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B886A6FFFF9FFDE0E440BC805DBD4C1" box="[802,911,927,953]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by the claw sheath (present versus absent in
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0DF10B94076FD4A5" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1861" box="[151,315,963,989]" class="Squamata" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Siderolamprus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DF10B94076FD4A5" box="[151,315,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Siderolamprus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and relative rostral height (65.0–67.0 versus 44.7–63.9).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DA10BB10505D379" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" box="[199,849,998,1025]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DA10BB1077BD378" bold="true" box="[199,303,998,1024]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Content.</emphasis>
One species (
<tableCitation id="1F4D3EBDFFF9FFDE0CAD0BB00475D379" box="[459,545,999,1025]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="14.[151,239,1291,1315]" captionTargetBox="[163,1425,1404,2011]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="TABLE 3. Classification and distribution of lizards of the family Diploglossidae (55 species). For common names we use modifying words from literature sources, in some cases modified for consistency following guidelines (Hedges et al. 2019). The IUCN Redlist threat status is indicated in parentheses (NA = not assessed)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/06B05B8EFFD0FFF70DF10D5C0264D214" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" tableUuid="06B05B8EFFD0FFF70DF10D5C0264D214">Table 3</tableCitation>
):
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0F510BB00505D379" box="[567,849,999,1025]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0F510BB0051AD379" baseAuthorityName="O'Shaughnessy" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[567,846,999,1025]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatus">Mesoamericus bilobatus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DA10C5D0690D331" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DA10C5D0690D331" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DA10C5D0735D35C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1034,1060]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0C0E0C5C045FD35C" authority="Schools &amp; Hedges, 2021" authorityName="Schools &amp; Hedges" authorityYear="2021" box="[360,523,1035,1060]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0C0E0C5C045FD35C" box="[360,523,1035,1060]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Mesoamericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0F720C5C042AD35D" bold="true" box="[532,638,1035,1061]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B886A6FFFF9FFDE0F720C5C042AD35D" box="[532,638,1035,1061]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
occurs in Central America (
<collectingCountry id="2AD84B96FFF9FFDE0ED80C5C0262D35D" box="[958,1078,1035,1061]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="2AD84B96FFF9FFDE09240C5C0294D35D" box="[1090,1216,1035,1061]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="2AD84B96FFF9FFDE099A0C5C0303D35D" box="[1276,1367,1035,1061]" name="Panama" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Panama</collectingCountry>
) (
<figureCitation id="CAF41783FFF9FFDE08090C5C06E3D331" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="40.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-26@40.[159,1429,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURE 27. (A) In life image of Mesoamericus bilobatus (MHCH 2310, Cerro Mariposa, near Alto de Piedra, Veraguas, Panama). Photograph by Sebastian Lotzkat. (B) The distribution of Mesoamericus gen. nov. in Middle America." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775518/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DA10C0406AAD3E9" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DA10C0406AAD3E9" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DA10C04071AD315" bold="true" box="[199,334,1107,1133]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Etymology.</emphasis>
The generic name is a masculine noun derived from the name for the region (Mesoamerica) where it occurs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="1AD5588DFFF9FFDE0DA10CCC05D8D385" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="52700B06FFF9FFDE0DA10CCC05D8D385" blockId="39.[151,1437,674,1277]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0DA10CCC076FD3CD" bold="true" box="[199,315,1179,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0C240CCC07B1D3CC" authority="Schools &amp; Hedges, 2021" authorityName="Schools &amp; Hedges" authorityYear="2021" box="[322,485,1179,1204]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0C240CCC07B1D3CC" box="[322,485,1179,1204]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Mesoamericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0C8B0CCC0403D3CD" bold="true" box="[493,599,1179,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="7B886A6FFFF9FFDE0C8B0CCC0403D3CD" box="[493,599,1179,1205]" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
is a monophyletic clade that has a support value of 100% in Bayesian and ML analyses (
<figureCitation id="CAF41783FFF9FFDE0C510CE80729D3A1" box="[311,381,1215,1241]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1748,1772]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,181,1725]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[175,1412,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree of diploglossid lizards based on sequences of nine genes: four mitochondrial genes (CytB, ND2, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) and five nuclear genes (AMEL, BDNF, PLPR, RAG1, and ZFP36). Maximum likelihood tree obtained from the nine-gene dataset (59 individuals; 6,949 sites).A scale bar indicates 5% sequence divergence. The numbers at nodes are ML bootstrap values, followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities; asterisks indicate significant (≥ 95%) support, and a dash or zero value indicates weak (&lt;50%) support. The tree is rooted with Pseudopus apodus (Anguidae)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775446" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775446/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). The large molecular divergence among populations of
<taxonomicName id="95CF7085FFF9FFDE0E9A0CE802DFD3A1" baseAuthorityName="O'Shaughnessy" baseAuthorityYear="1874" box="[1020,1163,1215,1241]" class="Reptilia" family="Diploglossidae" genus="Mesoamericus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="39" pageNumber="240" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatus">
<emphasis id="60BBD714FFF9FFDE0E9A0CE802DFD3A1" box="[1020,1163,1215,1241]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">M. bilobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with some splits as old as 5 Mya (
<figureCitation id="CAF41783FFF9FFDE0C6B0CB40705D385" box="[269,337,1251,1277]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1680,1704]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,1655]" captionTargetId="figure-26@10.[152,1436,181,1656]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Timetree of Diploglossidae based on sequences of nine genes: four mitochondrial genes (CytB, ND2, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA) and five nuclear genes (AMEL, BDNF, PLPR, RAG1, and ZFP36). Nodes show divergence times in millions of years. A scale bar indicates time (6 million years ago, Mya). We show Bayesian credibility ranges as gray bars at nodes." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4775450" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4775450/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="240">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
), suggests the presence of three undefined species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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