214 lines
20 KiB
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214 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229" ID-GBIF-Dataset="79229e38-c5fd-4225-ba22-782cc14f1d9d" ID-PMC="PMC7052020" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-140-57" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27" ID-PubMed="32148432" ModsDocID="1314-2003-140-57" checkinTime="1582662170017" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Montero-Munoz, Iris, Levin, Geoffrey A. & Cardiel, Jose M." docDate="2020" docId="6A5980B20EAB5813B8C6BEE41AEF0A4E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 140: 57-73" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 140" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229" docTitle="Acalypha nusbaumeri I. Montero & Cardiel 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27" masterDocTitle="Four new species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from the West Indian Ocean Region" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1668139664444" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Four new species of Acalypha L. (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae) from the West Indian Ocean Region</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Montero-Munoz, Iris</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Levin, Geoffrey A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cardiel, Jose M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>140</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>73</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-140-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2C5A7EF3070A501B821E82DE502A8B27</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="162267152" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A5980B20EAB5813B8C6BEE41AEF0A4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A5980B20EAB5813B8C6BEE41AEF0A4E" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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4.
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<taxonomicName LSID="6A5980B2-0EAB-5813-B8C6-BEE41AEF0A4E" authority="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha nusbaumeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri" status="sp. nov.">Acalypha nusbaumeri I.Montero & Cardiel</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="57">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha nusbaumeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha nusbaumeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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I.Montero & Cardiel is morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. perrierii" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="perrierii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. perrierii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Leandri, but differs from it mainly by having leaf blades with subacuminate apices (vs. leaf blades with caudate apices), inflorescences to 1.7 cm long (vs. inflorescences to 3 cm long), and mature female bracts 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5 mm, translucent, with crenate margins and two basal bracteoles (vs. bracts 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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12 mm, opaque, with entire margins and no bracteoles).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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Madagascar. Reg. Sava [Prov. Antsiranana]:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="sous-préfecture">sous-prefecture</normalizedToken>
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de Vohemar. Commune rurale de Daraina,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="forêt">foret</normalizedToken>
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de Bekaraoka, partie nord,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-13.1">13°06'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="49.7">49°42'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 177 m, 13 Feb 2004,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison LN1169.</emphasis>
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(holotype: G [G00028080!]; isotypes: K!, MO!, P [P05547228!, P01152829!]). Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Acalypha nusbaumeri A flowering branch B detail of lower leaf surface showing the pocket-shaped domatia C detail of node, stipules, and petiole base D detail of node with axillary bud E mature female bract with bracteoles F ovary and styles G calyx of the female flower H capsule. Based on L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison LN 1169. Illustration by Iris Montero Munoz." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382710" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">6</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382710" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha nusbaumeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha nusbaumeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">B</emphasis>
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detail of lower leaf surface showing the pocket-shaped domatia
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">C</emphasis>
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detail of node, stipules, and petiole base
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">D</emphasis>
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detail of node with axillary bud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">E</emphasis>
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mature female bract with bracteoles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">F</emphasis>
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ovary and styles
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">G</emphasis>
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calyx of the female flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">H</emphasis>
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capsule. Based on
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">L. Nusbaumer & P. Ranirison LN1169</emphasis>
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. Illustration by Iris Montero
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muñoz">Munoz</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Shrubs</emphasis>
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to 0.8 m high, probably deciduous, monoecious.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Young branches</emphasis>
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very slender, divaricate, blackish, pubescent with simple, antrorsely curved trichomes; older branches glabrous.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Axillary buds</emphasis>
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spherical, c. 1 mm diameter, perules 2, imbricate, membranous, external perule dentate, sparsely hairy.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Stipules</emphasis>
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caducous, c. 2 mm, triangular-lanceolate, with a prominent central rib, sparsely hairy with simple, short, erect trichomes.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Petioles</emphasis>
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slender, 2-3.5 (-4.5) cm long, with indumentum similar to that found on young branches.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Leaf blades</emphasis>
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5-8.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5-5 cm, ovate-lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, thin-membranous; base obtuse to rounded; margins crenate-serrate; teeth rounded; apex subacuminate, acumen c. 0.5 mm long, rounded and mucronate at apex; upper surface subglabrous, with simple, short, antrorsly curved trichomes on veins; lower surface with indumentum similar to that found on upper surface, axils of the secondary veins with pocket-shaped, sparsely hairy domatia; venation actinodromous, with 3 or 5 veins at the base, secondary veins 3-4 per side.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Stipels</emphasis>
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absent
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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inconspicuous, androgynous, axillary, c. 1.7 cm long, spiciform, mostly male with 1 female bract near the base; peduncle thick, c. 0.5 cm long, with indumentum similar to that found on the young branches; male segment c. 7 cm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female bracts</emphasis>
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sessile, translucent, enlarging in fruit to 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2.5 mm, orbicular-reniform, subglabrous, with short, simple trichomes on teeth and veins, margins crenate.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Bracteoles</emphasis>
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linear-lanceolate, c. 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy, with short, simple trichomes, and some sessile glands on the margins.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Male flowers</emphasis>
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inconspicuous, pedicel c. 0.5 mm long, sparsely hairy; buds c. 0.8 mm diameter, glabrous, papillose.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Female flowers</emphasis>
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solitary, sessile; sepals 3, free at base, c. 1 mm long, lanceolate, ciliate with short, simple trichomes; ovary 3-locular, c. 1 mm diameter, densely hispid; styles 3, c. 3.5 mm long, free at the base, each divided into 8-10 slender segments, rachis sparsely hairy.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Capsules</emphasis>
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(immature) to 2 mm diam., echinate, with projections c. 1 mm long, pubescent with simple, short erect trichomes c. 0.5 mm long.
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Seeds</emphasis>
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too young to describe.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha nusbaumeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha nusbaumeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from Bekaraoka forest, in the Loky-Manambato protected area, in Sava Region, northern Madagascar (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Map of Madagascar and the Mayotte island showing the distributions of Acalypha gillespieae (square), A. leandrii (rhombus), A. mayottensis (triangle) and A. nusbaumeri (circle)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.140.50229.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/382705" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">2</figureCitation>
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). This area has a seasonally dry climate (
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<bibRefCitation author="Schatz, GE" editor="Lourenco, WR" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de la Societe Biogeographie, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 9" refId="B22" refString="Schatz, GE, 2000. Endemism in the Malagasy tree flora. In: Lourenco, WR, Goodman, SM, Eds., Diversite et Endemisme a Madagascar. Memoires de la Societe Biogeographie, Paris: 1 - 9" title="Endemism in the Malagasy tree flora." volumeTitle="Diversite et Endemisme a Madagascar." year="2000">Schatz 2000</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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). Regarding its vegetation, Loky-Manambato is a special area because it is between the Eastern Humid and Western Dry phytogeographic domains and so has many types of vegetation (
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<bibRefCitation author="Nusbaumer, L" editor="van der Burgt, X" journalOrPublisher="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="253 - 264" refId="B17" refString="Nusbaumer, L, Ranirison, P, Gautier, L, Chatelain, C, Loizeau, PA, Spichiger, R, 2010. Loky-Manambato: point de rencontre des principales unites phytogeographiques de Madagascar. In: van der Burgt, X, van der Maesen, J, Onana, JM, Eds., Systematique et Conservation des Plantes Africaines. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 253 - 264" title="Loky-Manambato: point de rencontre des principales unites phytogeographiques de Madagascar." volumeTitle="Systematique et Conservation des Plantes Africaines." year="2010">Nusbaumer et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
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). Bekaraoka forest has dry deciduous forest on basement rocks (
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<bibRefCitation author="Moat, J" journalOrPublisher="Notululae Systematicae" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B13" refString="Moat, J, Smith, P, 2007. Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." title="Atlas of the vegetation of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew." year="2007">Moat and Smith 2007</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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), which seems to be the characteristic habitat of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="A. nusbaumeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">A. nusbaumeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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The proposed epithet honors Louis Nusbaumer, researcher and curator of Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Genève">Geneve</normalizedToken>
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, Switzerland. He works on the systematics, phylogeny, biogeography, and conservation of Malagasy plants. Nusbaumer is also the collector, with Patrick Ranirison, of the type specimen of this species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="57" type="conservation status">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Conservation status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha nusbaumeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha nusbaumeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is only known from one collection. The extent of occurrence (EOO) could not be calculated. Its area of occupancy (AOO) is estimated to be 8 km2. Loky-Manambato is a category V (
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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) protected area since 2005. The forest in this region has been degraded and continues to be threatened by slash and burn agriculture, fires to clear land for grazing, illegal cutting of precious woods, and in some areas, as Bekaraoka, gold extraction (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00117-9" author="Vargas, A" journalOrPublisher="Biological Conservation" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="325 - 334" refId="B25" refString="Vargas, A, Jimenez, I, Palomares, F, Palacios, MJ, 2002. Distribution, status, and conservation needs of the golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli). Biological Conservation 108 (3): 325 - 334, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00117-9" title="Distribution, status, and conservation needs of the golden-crowned sifaka (Propithecus tattersalli)." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00117-9" volume="108" year="2002">Vargas et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v1i1.44119" author="Rakotondravony, HA" journalOrPublisher="Malagasy Nature" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" pagination="52 - 65" refId="B19" refString="Rakotondravony, HA, 2009. Reptiles, amphibiens et gradient altitudinal dans la region de Daraina, extreme nord-est de Madagascar. Malagasy Nature 2: 52 - 65, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v1i1.44119" title="Reptiles, amphibiens et gradient altitudinal dans la region de Daraina, extreme nord-est de Madagascar." url="https://doi.org/10.4314/mcd.v1i1.44119" volume="2" year="2009">Rakotondravony 2009</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Goodman, SM" journalOrPublisher="Gland, Switzerland, IUCN" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" refId="B7" refString="Goodman, SM, Raherilalao, MJ, Wohlhauser, S, 2018. The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." title="The Terrestrial Protected Areas of Madagascar: Their History, Description and Biota. Association Vahatra, Antananarivo." year="2018">Goodman et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="I. Montero & Cardiel" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Acalypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acalypha nusbaumeri" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nusbaumeri">
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="57">Acalypha nusbaumeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is assigned a preliminary IUCN conservation status of Critically Endangered: CR B2ab(ii,iii).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |