189 lines
22 KiB
XML
189 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" ID-GBIF-Dataset="89be094e-6732-48a6-b5aa-74053d16f748" ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599873" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1066-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" ID-ZooBank="133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1066-1" checkinTime="1635480455043" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T." docDate="2021" docId="E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1066: 1-198" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1066" docPubDate="2021-10-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697" docTitle="Deltocyathus italicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A" masterDocTitle="Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1635513010010" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Filander, Zoleka N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6905-4440</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Biodiversity and Coastal Research, Oceans and Coasts, Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries, Cape Town, South Africa & Zoology Department, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">zfilander@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kitahara, Marcelo V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Ciencias do Mar, Santos, Brazil & Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cairns, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sink, Kerry J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa & Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lombard, Amanda T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute for Coastal and Marine Research, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-10-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1066</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>198</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1066.69697</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1066-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">133CE040A5AF44F1BC9A558C2F06A8AA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">BD84F4C3157550C9B64120B2BE53F01A</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="189599873" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E368EA46E8E5DF8EF73968D9C76CB675" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authority="(Michelotti, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">Deltocyathus italicus (Michelotti, 1838)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Michelotti" authorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Turbinolia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Turbinolia italica" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italica">Turbinolia italica</taxonomicName>
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Michelotti, 1838: 51, pl. 1, fig. 8.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="De Pourtales" authorityYear="1867" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus agassizii" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="agassizii">Deltocyathus agassizii</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Royal Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="544 - 569" refId="B193" refString="Moseley, H, 1876. Preliminary report to professor Wyville Thomson, F.R.S., director of the civilian staff, on the true corals dredged up by H.M.S. Challenger in deep water between the dates Dec. 30th, 1870, and August 31st, 1975. Proceedings of the Royal Society 24: 544 - 569" title="Preliminary report to professor Wyville Thomson, F. R. S., director of the civilian staff, on the true corals dredged up by H. M. S. Challenger in deep water between the dates Dec. 30 th, 1870, and August 31 st, 1975." volume="24" year="1876">. -Moseley 1876</bibRefCitation>
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: 546, 551 (in part).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">Deltocyathus italicus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Pourtales, L de" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 120" refId="B227" refString="Pourtales, L de, 1880. Reports on the results of dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, 1878-1879, by the U.S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology (Harvard) 6 (4): 95 - 120" title="Reports on the results of dredgings, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea, 1878 - 1879, by the U. S. Margin Survey Steamer Blake." volume="6" year="1880">
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. -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pourtalès">Pourtales</normalizedToken>
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1880
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</bibRefCitation>
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: 101 (in part), pl. 1, figs 2, 3. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Moseley, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 248" refId="B196" refString="Moseley, H, 1881. Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H.M.S. Challenger, in the years 1873-1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology 2: 1 - 248" title="Report on certain hydroid, alcyonarian, and madreporarian corals procured during the voyage H. M. S. Challenger, in the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76." volume="2" year="1881">Moseley 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 145-147 (in part). -von
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<bibRefCitation author="Marenzeller, von E" journalOrPublisher="Annalen des Kaiserlich-Koeniglichen Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B177" refString="Marenzeller, von E, 1904a. Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898-1899 7(3): 261-318." title="Steinkorallen. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer Valdivia 1898 - 1899 7 (3): 261 - 318." year="1904 a">Marenzeller 1904a</bibRefCitation>
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: 281 (in part). -
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<bibRefCitation author="Gravier, C" journalOrPublisher="Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 123" refId="B114" refString="Gravier, C, 1920. Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893-1913). Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I, Prince Souverain de Monaco 55: 1 - 123" title="Madreporaires provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse - Alice et Hirondelle II (1893 - 1913)." volume="55" year="1920">Gravier 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 34-36 (in part
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<bibRefCitation author="Keller, N" journalOrPublisher="Trudy Instituta Okeanologii" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="174 - 187" refId="B143" refString="Keller, N, 1975. Ahermatypic madreporarian corals of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii 100: 174 - 187" title="Ahermatypic madreporarian corals of the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico." volume="100" year="1975">). -Keller 1975</bibRefCitation>
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: 177, pl. 2, figs 1-4B
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<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">. -Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 502-503. -Kitahara and
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Occasional Paper of the Bernice P Bishop Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B48" refString="Cairns, S, 2009. Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/7548" title="Online appendix: Phylogenetic list of 711 valid Recent azooxanthellate scleractinian species, with their junior synonyms and depth ranges. In: Roberts J, Wheeler, A, Freiwald, A, Cairns S (Eds) Cold water corals: The Biology and Geology of Deep-sea Corals Habitats. Cambridge University Press. https: // repository. si. edu / handle / 10088 / 7548" year="2009">Cairns 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 236.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Deltocyathus</taxonomicName>
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sp. cf.
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<taxonomicName family="Deltocyathidae" genus="D." higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="italicus">D. italicus</taxonomicName>
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. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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: 95-97, pl. 17, figs 1-3. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Reyes, J" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaften Classe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B237" refString="Reyes, J, Santodomingo, N, Cairns, S, 2009. Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262(1). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1" title="Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2262.1.1" year="2009">Reyes et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 16, fig. 3E, F.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Zibrowius" authorityYear="1980" class="Anthozoa" family="Deltocyathidae" genus="Deltocyathus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus conicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="conicus">Deltocyathus conicus</taxonomicName>
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Zibrowius, 1980: 83-85, pl. 39, figs A-L. -
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<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 46" refId="B341" refString="Zibrowius, H, Gili, J, 1990. Deep-Water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Namibia, South Africa, and Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic. Scientia Marina 54 (1): 19 - 46" title="Deep-Water Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Namibia, South Africa, and Walvis Ridge, Southeastern Atlantic." volume="54" year="1990">Zibrowius and Gili 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 35, pl. 2, figs M-O.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Tortona, Italy (Miocene) (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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The holotype is lost (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Regional: Western margin of South Africa, off Alexander Bay and Port Nolloth; 882-1412 m (Zibrowius and Gili 1991). Elsewhere: widespread in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="216 - 221" refId="B29" refString="Cairns, S, 1978. New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic. Proceeding of the Biological Society of Washington 91 (1): 216 - 221" title="New genus and species of ahermatypic coral (Scleractinia) from the western Atlantic." volume="91" year="1978">Cairns 1978</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">1979</bibRefCitation>
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; Cairns et al. 2009); off Rio de Janeiro in Brazil; Bermuda (
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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<bibRefCitation author="Kitahara, M" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of Marine Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="497 - 518" refId="B150" refString="Kitahara, M, 2007. Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil. Bulletin of Marine Science 81 (3): 497 - 518" title="Species richness and distribution of azooxanthellate Scleractinia in Brazil." volume="81" year="2007">; Kitahara 2007</bibRefCitation>
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); Colombia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Reyes, J" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-naturwissenschaften Classe" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B237" refString="Reyes, J, Santodomingo, N, Cairns, S, 2009. Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262(1). https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1" title="Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa 2262 (1). https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2262.1.1" year="2009">Reyes et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
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); Gulf of Gasco; Azores; Morocco; Miocene of Italy; Gulf of Guinea; Angola (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
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); 403-2634 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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This species is well described by
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<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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, who both noted that the corallum is patellate and free, with a prominent conical base bearing no basal scar. The costae are ridged, unequal in size, and with a dentate appearance. The regional occurrence of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Michelotti" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Deltocyathus italicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is based on the Zibrowius and Gili (1991) record as no other specimens have been examined. Apart from the inter-species variation in the H:D ratio and columella development, highlighted by Zibrowius and Gili (1991),
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<taxonomicName family="Dendrophylliidae" genus="D." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="D. italicus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="italicus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. italicus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
may be differentiated from the other Atlantic species of
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|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Milne-Edwards & Haime" authorityYear="1848" class="Anthozoa" family="Turbinoliidae" genus="Deltocyathus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deltocyathus" order="Scleractinia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Deltocyathus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
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|
in having a strongly conical base (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Cairns, S" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 341" refId="B30" refString="Cairns, S, 1979. The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands 57 (1): 1 - 341" title="The deep-water Scleractinia of the Caribbean Sea and adjacent waters." volume="57" year="1979">Cairns 1979</bibRefCitation>
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|
b;
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Zibrowius, H" journalOrPublisher="Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B337" refString="Zibrowius, H, 1980. Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental. Memoires de l'Institut oceanographique, Monaco" title="Les Scleractiniaires de la Mediterranee et de l'Atlantique nord-oriental." year="1980">Zibrowius 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |